scholarly journals Fabrication of p-NiO/n-TiO2 Solar Device for Photovoltaic Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
R. T. Mouchou ◽  
K. O. Ukoba ◽  
O. T. Laseinde ◽  
T. C. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Photovoltaic Application ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Performance ◽  
P Type

Energy demand is increasing globally owing to population growth. Solar cell development has gained considerable attention because of its potential to provide everyone with sustainable, affordable, clean, and globally accessible energy. A heterojunction solar device for photovoltaic applications was developed in this study, using nickel oxide (NiO) as the p-type and titanium oxide (TiO2) as the n-type. The material chosen was motivated by the affordability, availability, and performance compared to existing silicon that is more efficient but less affordable and available. The TiO2 and NiO2 were synthesised and characterised before the deposition and characterisation of the solar cells. The characterisation was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and a four-point probe. The deposition parameters were fine-tuned to achieve optimum optoelectronic properties for the solar device. The final device exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 370 mV, a current density of 1.7 mA, and solar cells efficiency of 3.7.

Effect of Au distribution in NiO/Au film on the ohmic contact formation to p-type GaN

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiin-Long Yang ◽  
J.S. Chen ◽  
S.J. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ohmic Contact ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Specific Contact Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ohmic Behavior ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Specific Contact ◽  
P Type

The distribution of Au and NiO in NiO/Au ohmic contact on p-type GaN was investigated in this work. Au (5 nm) films were deposited on p-GaN substrates by magnetron sputtering. Some of the Au films were preheated in N2 ambient to agglomerate into semi-connected structure (abbreviated by agg-Au); others were not preheated and remained the continuous (abbreviated by cont-Au). A NiO film (5 nm) was deposited on both types of samples, and all samples were subsequently annealed in N2 ambient at the temperatures ranging from 100 to 500 °C. The surface morphology, phases, and cross-sectional microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, glancing incident angle x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. I-V measurement on the contacts indicates that only the 400 °C annealed NiO/cont-Au/p-GaN sample exhibits ohmic behavior and its specific contact resistance (ρc) is 8.93 × 10−3 Ω cm2. After annealing, Au and NiO contact to GaN individually in the NiO/agg-Au/p-GaN system while the Au and NiO layers become tangled in the NiO/cont-Au/p-GaN system. As a result, the highly tangled NiO-Au structure shall be the key to achieve the ohmic behavior for NiO/cont-Au/p-GaN system.

Ag2O/ZnO Heterostructures with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 1043-1049
Author(s):  
Di Xiang ◽  
Chang Long Shao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
P Type

A simple route has been developed for the synthesis of Ag2O/ZnO heterostructures and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy analysis. Considering the porous structure of Ag2O/ZnO, the photocatalytic degradation for the organic dyes, such as eosin red (ER), methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB), under visible light irradiation was investigated in detail. Noticeably, Ag2O/ZnO just took 40 min to degrade 96 % MB. The rate of degradation using the Ag2O/ZnO heterostructures was 2.3 times faster than that of the bare porous ZnO nanospheres under visible light irradiation due to that the recombination of the photogenerated charge was inhibited greatly in the p-type Ag2O and n-type ZnO semiconductor. So the Ag2O/ZnO heterostuctures showed the potential application on environmental remediation.

SELF-ASSEMBLED Ge-DOTS FOR Si SOLAR CELLS

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 4347-4351 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. PRESTING ◽  
J. KONLE ◽  
H. KIBBEL
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
P Type

Silicon solar cells with embedded germanium (Ge) layers deposited as 3-dimensional islands in the Stranski-Krastanov growth mode have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to enhance the efficiency of Si thin film solar cells. The Ge-layers increase the infrared absorption in the base of the cell to achieve higher photocurrent which should overcome the loss in the open circuit voltage due to incorporation of a smaller bandgap material in the heterostructure. Up to 75 layers of Ge, each about 8 monolayers (ML) thick, separated by Si-spacer layers (9-18nm) have been deposited at rather elevated temperatures (700°C) on a standard 10Ωcm p-type Si-substrate. Island densities of 1011 cm -2 have been achieved by use of antimony (Sb) as surfactant. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the growth of Ge-islands under variuos growth conditions. Photocurrent measurements exhibit a higher photo-response in the infrared regime but a lower open circuit voltage of the fabricated solar cells compared to a Si-reference cell.

ENHANCED GAS SENSING PROPERTIES OF p-TYPE TeO2 NANORODS FUNCTIONALIZED WITH Pd

NANO ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
HYUNSU KIM ◽  
SUNGHOON PARK ◽  
CHANGHYUN JIN ◽  
CHONGMU LEE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Pd Nanoparticles ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
P Type

TeO2 nanorods functionalized with Pd were prepared by a three-step process comprising thermal evaporation of Te powders, Pd deposition by photo-reduction, and annealing. Sensors were fabricated by using the Pd -functionalized TeO2 nanorods. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibited that the nanorods with diameters in a range of 50–100 nm and lengths of a few micrometers were covered with the Pd nanoparticles with an average diameter of ~ 15 nm. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the nanorods were monocrystalline simple tetragonal TeO2 . On the other hand, the nanoparticles on them were confirmed to be nanocrystalline face-centered cubic Pd . The multiple-networked TeO2 nanorod sensors exhibited a sensitivity of 3.13% at 100 ppm NO2 at 300°C, whereas the Pd -functionalized TeO2 nanorod sensors exhibited a sensitivity of 11.97% under the same condition. The recovery time of TeO2 nanorods was decreased considerably at every NO2 concentration by the Pd -functionalization even if the response time decreased or increased slightly depending upon the NO2 concentration. In addition, the origin of the enhancement of the sensing properties of the TeO2 nanorods by functionalization with Pd is discussed.

Preparation and Characterization of PVP/Fe3O4 Composite Nanofibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 783-786
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xue Jia Li ◽  
Qing Qing Wang ◽  
Qu Fu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nanofiber Diameter ◽  
And Performance

The PVP/Fe3O4 composite nanofibers with different Fe3O4 nanoparticle loading were obtained by electrospinning. The characterization and performance analysis of the composite nanofibers were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and antistatic fabric instrument. The results showed that the average diameter of PVP/Fe3O4 composite nanofibers is smaller than that of pure PVP. At 5wt% Fe3O4 nanoparticle loading, the coefficient of variation CV value was low, while the composite nanofiber diameter distribution was good. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were spherical and had no obvious agglomeration. With increasing Fe3O4 nanoparticle loading, the thermal and antistatic properties of PVP/Fe3O4 composite nanofibers were significantly improved.

Contrastive Study on Mineralogy of Brazil Kaolinite and Beihai Kaolinite

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1898-1901
Author(s):  
Xiu Mei Qiu ◽  
Chun Jie Yan ◽  
Yu Nan Ma ◽  
Chun Yu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
And Performance

In this paper, the mineralogical characteristics of Brazil kaolinite and Beihai kaolinite have been researched. The structure and performance of samples were systematically analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The results showed that Brazil kaolinite had inerratic pseudo-hexagonal morphology, low diameter-thickness ratio and a Hinckey index of 1.501. While Beihai kaolinite has irregular-polygonous morphology, higher diameter -thickness ratio and a Hinckey index of 1.197. The differences in structural make them have different physical properties.

Thermoelectric Properties of BixSbyTezSew Nanocomposite Materials

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 809-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kosalathip ◽  
T. Kumpeerapun ◽  
S. Migot ◽  
B. Lenoir ◽  
A. Dauscher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
P Type ◽  
Cold Pressed ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nanopowders of n-type (Bi0.95Sb0.05)2(Te0.95Se0.05)3 and p-type (Bi0.2Sb0.8)2Te3 have been synthesized by laser fracture of micron-sized powders in water. These alloys are the best conventional thermoelectric materials for use in room temperature applications. The nanopowders have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The nanopowders have been mechanically mixed in different ratios with the micron sized powders. These mixtures have then been cold pressed in order to perform thermoelectric characterization and to see the influence of nano-particle inclusions on the transport properties.

scholarly journals Obtaining Thin Films of Silicon-Carbon Method of Reactive Magnetron Sputtering are used as Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
BA Najafov ◽  
◽  
FP Abasov ◽  
RS Ibragimov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Reactive Magnetron ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Silicon Carbon ◽  
Transmission Electron

In the work of the various parameters studied film amorphous and nano-crystalline alloy silicon-carbon (а-nc-Si1-xCx :H (x=0÷1)) doped with phosphorus (PH3 ) and boron (B2 H6 ). Studied the properties of these films on different substrates derived from quartz, glass and Silicon-coated Fe, Al, Pd, Ni, Ti, Ag. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studied the morphology obtained nano tubes. Also examine the structural properties of films by using infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction of x-rays. Created by cascade solar cells area S = 1.2 cm2 and have a coefficient of 11.2%.

scholarly journals Bi5O7I/g-C3N4 Heterostructures With Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Performance for Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Min Lai ◽  
Jialei Huang ◽  
Jinze Li ◽  
Ruijie Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Tetracycline Hydrochloride ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
P Type ◽  
Active Intermediates

Bi5O7I/g-C3N4 p-n junctioned photocatalysts were synthesized by alcohol-heating and calcination in air. The structures, morphologies and optical properties of as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Photocatalytic activity of the heterojunctioned composites were evaluated by degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) under visible light illumination. The results indicated that the composites exhibited superior efficiencies for photodegradation of RhB and TCH in comparison with pure BiOI, Bi5O7I and g-C3N4. An effective built-in electric field was formed by the interface between p-type Bi5O7I and n-type g-C3N4, which promoted the efficient separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. In addition, 8% Bi5O7I/g-C3N4 composite showed excellent photostability in a five-cycle photocatalytic experiment. Experiments on scavenging active intermediates revealed the roles of active species.

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