The Effect of Smoking on Salivary Calcium Levels, Calcium Intake, and Bleeding on Probing in Female

Introduction. Smoking is a bad habit that affects both systemic and oral conditions. Nicotine in cigarettes reduces estrogen production that can alter salivary calcium levels. Nicotine also causes vasoconstriction of the gingival blood vessels and decreases gingival bleeding. Low dietary calcium intake is also suspected to influence the low serum calcium levels in smokers. In this study, we evaluated the effect of smoking on salivary calcium levels, calcium intake, and BOP in women. Method. This was an analytical study using a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were 26 female smokers and 37 nonsmokers. Unstimulated saliva was collected by the spitting method. Salivary calcium levels were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The calcium intake was obtained by the Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. BOP was measured by a gingival bleeding index by Ainamo and Bay in 1975. Results. All the basic characteristics including age, BMI, level of education, and occupation were statistically different between groups. The mean calcium level of female smokers was significantly lower than that of nonsmokers, whereas the mean BOP of female smokers was significantly higher. The total calcium intake per day of the two groups was not statistically different. The mean salivary calcium level and BOP decreased when the duration of smoking was longer. There was a positive correlation between salivary calcium level and BOP in the smokers’ group. Conclusion. A low level of education may be contributing to the smoking habit of subjects in this study. Salivary calcium levels were correlated with BOP in female smokers, which might be affected by the duration of smoking.

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Association of dietary calcium intake, total and ionized serum calcium levels with preeclampsia in Ethiopia

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-04005-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rahel D. Gebreyohannes ◽

Ahmed Abdella ◽

Wondimu Ayele ◽

Ahizechukwu C. Eke

Keyword(s):

Serum Calcium ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Calcium Level ◽

Serum Calcium Level ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Ionized Calcium ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

Total Serum ◽

Total Serum Calcium ◽

Total Serum Calcium Level

Abstract Background Preeclampsia is a well-known cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The exact pathophysiology has not been fully understood. Calcium and magnesium deficiencies have been given emphasis to play roles in the pathophysiology. Although evidence is abundant, they are equivocal. The study aimed to see the association of dietary calcium intake, serum total calcium level and ionized calcium level with preeclampsia. It also evaluated the association between dietary calcium intake and serum calcium levels. Materials and methods An unmatched case–control study was conducted in Gandhi Memorial, Tikur Anbessa, and Zewditu Memorial Hospitals, all in Addis Ababa, between October to December, 2019. Cases were 42 women with preeclampsia and controls were 42 normotensive women. The medical and obstetric history was gathered using a structured questionnaire and the dietary calcium intake information using a 24-h dietary recall. The serum levels of total serum calcium and ionized (free) calcium were measured using an inductively coupled mass spectrophotometer. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression and Pearson correlation test were utilized during data analysis. Results In comparison with controls, women with preeclampsia had lower mean (± 1SD) levels of ionized calcium level (1.1 mmol/l ± 0.11), total serum calcium level (1.99 mmol/l ± 0.35) and lower median (IQR) dietary calcium intake (704 mg/24 h,458–1183). The odds of having preeclampsia was almost eight times greater in those participants with low serum ionized calcium level (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2.388–23.608) and three times higher in those with low total serum calcium level (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.024–9.370). Low dietary calcium intake also showed statistically significant association with preeclampsia (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.092 -10.723). Serum ionized calcium level and total serum calcium level showed positive correlation of moderate strength (p = 0.004, r = 0.307), but no correlation was found between dietary calcium intake with both forms of serum calcium levels. Conclusion This study showed significant association between low dietary calcium intake and low serum calcium levels with preeclampsia, hence this can be used as a supportive local evidence for the current context-specific recommendation of calcium supplementation in societies with low-dietary calcium consumption in an attempt to prevent preeclampsia, therefore implementation study should be considered in Ethiopia to look for the feasibility of routine supplementation.

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Interactions between Vitamin D Status, Calcium Intake and Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations in Healthy White-Skinned Pregnant Women at Northern Latitude

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10070916 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 916 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrea Hemmingway ◽

Karen O’Callaghan ◽

Áine Hennessy ◽

George Hull ◽

Kevin Cashman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Metabolic System ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

In Pregnancy

Adverse effects of low vitamin D status and calcium intakes in pregnancy may be mediated through functional effects on the calcium metabolic system. Little explored in pregnancy, we aimed to examine the relative importance of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and calcium intake on parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in healthy white-skinned pregnant women. This cross-sectional analysis included 142 participants (14 ± 2 weeks’ gestation) at baseline of a vitamin D intervention trial at 51.9 °N. Serum 25(OH)D, PTH, and albumin-corrected calcium were quantified biochemically. Total vitamin D and calcium intakes (diet and supplements) were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The mean ± SD vitamin D intake was 10.7 ± 5.2 μg/day. With a mean ± SD serum 25(OH)D of 54.9 ± 22.6 nmol/L, 44% of women were <50 nmol/L and 13% <30 nmol/L. Calcium intakes (mean ± SD) were 1182 ± 488 mg/day and 23% of participants consumed <800 mg/day. The mean ± SD serum albumin-adjusted calcium was 2.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L and geometric mean (95% CI) PTH was 9.2 (8.4, 10.2) pg/mL. PTH was inversely correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = −0.311, p < 0.001), but not with calcium intake or serum calcium (r = −0.087 and 0.057, respectively, both p > 0.05). Analysis of variance showed that while serum 25(OH)D (dichotomised at 50 nmol/L) had a significant effect on PTH (p = 0.025), calcium intake (<800, 800–1000, ≥1000 mg/day) had no effect (p = 0.822). There was no 25(OH)D-calcium intake interaction effect on PTH (p = 0.941). In this group of white-skinned women with largely sufficient calcium intakes, serum 25(OH)D was important for maintaining normal PTH concentration.

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A Prospective Study of Dietary Calcium and Other Nutrients and the Risk of Symptomatic Kidney Stones

50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know ◽

10.1093/med/9780190655341.003.0033 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 189-192

Author(s):

Michael S. Borofsky ◽

Vincent G. Bird

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

A Prospective Study

This chapter reviews the results of an important observational study seeking to establish how, in individuals without a history of nephrolithiasis, dietary calcium intake is associated with the risk of symptomatic stone disease. The study found that the mean daily dietary calcium intake was lower in the group who formed stones compared to those who did not and that, after adjusting for covariates, high daily dietary calcium intake was strongly associated with decreased risk of stones.

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Caring for the carer: quality of life and burden of female caregivers

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0334 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 728-736

Author(s):

Michelly Guedes de Oliveira Araújo ◽

Michelinne Oliveira Machado Dutra ◽

Carla Carolina Silva Leite Freitas ◽

Tatiane Gomes Guedes ◽

Francisco Stélio de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Low Income ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

Status Number ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the quality of life and the burden of female caregivers. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study carried out with 224 informal caregivers from March to July 2016. Three instruments were used: a characterization form for the caregiver, the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire and the Zarit Burden Interview. The following tests were used: Cronbach’s Alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman and Mann-Whitney. Results: The mean age of caregivers was 51.8 years with a standard deviation of 13.7. They were predominantly married, had a low income and low level of education, were first-degree relatives, had been providing care for one to five years and presented some pathology. The associations of quality of life that presented statistical significance were: income, marital status, number of people living with the caregiver and time of care. Conclusion: The burden was negatively correlated with QOL, that is, the greater the burden, the more impaired will be the life of these caregivers.

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Evaluation of Serum Calcium Levels in Pre-eclampsia

Medicine Today ◽

10.3329/medtoday.v30i2.37810 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

Heera Lal Roy ◽

Susmita Nargis ◽

Md Mahbubur Rahman ◽

Mohammad Shahadat Hossain ◽

Md Ruhul Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Calcium Level ◽

Serum Calcium Level ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Medical Complication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

The Mean

Pre-eclampsia is the most common medical complication of pregnancy associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Reduced serum calcium level are found associated with elevated blood pressure in preeclampsia. To evaluate serum calcium level in pre-eclamptic women. This cross sectional study was carried out in among 50 preeclamptic patients, aged 20 to 40 years, and gestational age ranges from 20 to 40 weeks and 50 age and gestational age matched normotensive pregnant women having no proteinuria. Serum calcium was measured by Colorimetric method. The mean age and mean gestational age of pre-eclampsia was not significantly different from those of normotensive pregnant women (p=0.203 and p=0.251 respectively). The mean body mass indexes of the test patients were significantly different from those of normotensive pregnant women (p<0.001). The mean serum calcium level was 7.27 ± 3.01 mg/dl in pre-eclampsia and 7.25 ± 2.59 mg/dl in normal pregnant women; did not differ significantly between the subjects of pre-eclampsia and normal pregnant women (p=0.963). Serum calcium has no association in occurrence of preeclampsia.Medicine Today 2018 Vol.30(2): 57-60

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Individual’s awareness of healthy lifestyle: A cross sectional study of a rural community in Kedah, Malaysia

Journal of Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jbs.v6i2.26812 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 12-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kevin Fernandez ◽

Kailash C. Kharkwal ◽

Tahmina Afrose ◽

Nasrin Habib ◽

Supraya Das

Keyword(s):

Rural Community ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Life ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

The Mean

Background: Healthy lifestyle practices play a key role in disease prevention and control of any chronic illness and disability. This study aims to identify the role of individual’s awareness towards a healthy life and well-being in a rural community Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by using structured questionnaire at a village, Kedah state, Malaysia on 2018. Results: The study revealed that among 120 respondents the mean ±SD age of respondents was 24±16.32 years. All the respondents were Muslim. The mean±SD weight of respondents was 66.07±14.353 kilogram. Study revealed that no participant reported drinking alcohol within the last month. 91 (76.6%) of the respondents were non-smoker. 42(35%) respondents reported daily consumption of fruits. 86 (71.67 %) respondents reported moderate to vigorous physical activities for 30 minutes per day. Regarding co-morbidity status, 60 (49.9%) was not suffering from any form of illness during the study period. This study found the significant association between the BMI and smoking habit with co-morbidity (p<0.000). Conclusion: Majority of the participants of this study was health conscious and had positive health-related behaviour. The effective behavioral changes less likely to happen unless the individual’s awareness and motivation towards a healthy life is decreased.

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Dietary calcium intake and adiposity in children and adolescents: Cross-sectional and longitudinal results from IDEFICS/I.Family cohort

Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.numecd.2019.01.015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 440-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Nappo ◽

S. Sparano ◽

T. Intemann ◽

Y.A. Kourides ◽

L. Lissner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

Cross Sectional

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Serum calcium level among pregnant women and its association with pre-eclampsia and delivery outcomes: A cross-sectional study from North India

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.3126/nje.v9i4.23150 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 795-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shashi Kant ◽

Partha Haldar ◽

Anant Gupta ◽

Ayush Lohiya

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Calcium Level ◽

Serum Calcium Level ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

Care Hospital

Background: Calcium requirement increases during pregnancy, thereby increasing the chances of developing hypocalcaemia. Hypocalcaemia may be associated with pregnancy-related complications. Therefore, we planned this study to estimate the prevalence of hypocalcaemia among pregnant women attending secondary care hospital, and to study the association between hypocalcaemia and pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a secondary level hospital at Ballabgarh, district Faridabad, Haryana, India. Consecutive pregnant women with gestation period more than 28 weeks were enrolled. Dietary calcium intake was ascertained using 24-hour dietary recall method. Serum calcium estimation was done by Biolis 24i auto analyser. Outcome of pregnancy (preterm delivery, low birth weight (LBW) babies, and neonatal mortality) was assessed telephonically 3 months after the enrolment. Results: A total of 696 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Mean (SD) dietary calcium intake and serum calcium level was 796.4 (360.4) mg/day and 9.56 (0.94) mg/dl respectively. Prevalence (95% CI) of hypocalcaemia was 23.9% (20.8 – 27.2%). Serum total calcium level was not associated with dietary calcium intake (p-value – 0.36). Mean serum calcium level was significantly lower in mothers who had LBW babies. Pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, and neonatal mortality were not associated with serum calcium level. Conclusion: Serum calcium level may not be related to dietary calcium level. Hence, the current recommendation of calcium supplementation during antenatal period appears to be inconclusive among our study population.

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HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI SUSU DAN KALSIUM DENGAN DENSITAS TULANG DAN TINGGI BADAN REMAJA

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2008.3.1.43-48 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hardinsyah Hardinsyah ◽

Evy Damayanthi ◽

Wirna Zulianti

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Bone Density ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Body Height ◽

Milk Intake ◽

Stiffness Index ◽

Font Size ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between milk and calcium intake with body height and bone density of adolescent. The study applied a cross sectional design to 246 senior high school students in Bogor. The subject aged 16-17 years old were selected purposively. Milk and calsium intake was derived from the food intake data collected by applying a semi-FFQ method for a week. Bone density (stiffness index) was measured by densitometer of achilles insight. The results of the study showed that the mean intake of milk was 170.7±136.3 ml/day with average frequency 6 times/week, and mean intake of calcium was 250.0±212.6 mg/day with contribution of milk was 44.0%. The mean stiffness index of subjects was 97.5±18.3; and the mean stiffness index of boys (104.4±18.9) was significantly higher than girls (92.9±16.3). The calcium intake of milk and calcium intake of calsium-rich foods of non milk was not correlated with the bone density and body height; but milk intake, frequency and length of milk intake were correlated with body height and bone density. This implies the important of milk intake in bone density and linear growth of adolescent.

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