scholarly journals Graphene: A Multifunctional Nanomaterial with Versatile Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
H. C. Ananda Murthy ◽  
Suresh Ghotekar ◽  
B. Vinay Kumar ◽  
Arpita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Single Sheet ◽  
Current Knowledge Base

Graphene is a 2D material of high quality obtained from a single atom with unique electronic properties. Graphene has the potential to improve the efficiency, versatility, and durability of a wide range of materials and their applications, but its commercial exploitation will require further study. Due to its flatness and semiconductivity in addition to its high surface area, high mechanical rigidity, high thermal stability, superior thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, and easy functionalization, graphene is the best candidate for multifunctional applications which opened up new possibilities for potential devices and systems. Every type of graphene material is found to exhibit different and unique tunable properties. Graphene is the best candidate in making nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensors. Graphene is among the best electronic materials, but synthesizing a single sheet of graphene has received less attention. The objective of this chapter is to bring awareness to readers on the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene. The limitations of the current knowledge base and prospective research directions related to graphene materials have also been illustrated.

scholarly journals Functional CeOx nanoglues for efficient and robust atomically dispersed catalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyue Liu ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Xavier Isidro Pereira Hernandez ◽  
Chia-Yu Fang ◽  
Yizhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Oxide Supports ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit unique catalytic property and maximum atom efficiency of rare, expensive metals. A critical barrier to applications of SACs is sintering of active metal atoms under operating conditions. Anchoring metal atoms onto oxide supports via strong metal-support bonds may alleviate sintering. Such an approach, however, usually comes at a cost: stabilization results from passivation of metal sites by excessive oxygen ligation—too many open coordination sites taken up by the support, too few left for catalytic action. Furthermore, when such stabilized metal atoms are activated by reduction at elevated temperatures they become unlinked and so move and sinter, leading to loss of catalytic function. We report a new strategy, confining atomically dispersed metal atoms onto functional oxide nanoclusters (denoted as nanoglues) that are isolated and immobilized on a robust, high-surface-area support—so that metal atoms do not sinter under conditions of catalyst activation and/or operation. High-number-density, ultra-small and defective CeOx nanoclusters were grafted onto high-surface-area SiO2 as nanoglues to host atomically dispersed Pt. The Pt atoms remained on the CeOx nanoglue islands under both O2 and H2 environment at high temperatures. Activation of CeOx supported Pt atoms increased the turnover frequency for CO oxidation by 150 times. The exceptional stability under reductive conditions is attributed to the much stronger affinity of Pt atoms for CeOx than for SiO2—the Pt atoms can move but they are confined to their respective nanoglue islands, preventing formation of larger Pt particles. The strategy of using functional nanoglues to confine atomically dispersed metal atoms and simultaneously enhance catalytic performance of localized metal atoms is general and takes SACs one major step closer to practical applications as robust catalysts for a wide range of catalytic transformations

Understanding Micro-Droplet Interface Bilayers for Developing Bioinspired Sensors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guru Venkatesan ◽  
Andy Sarles
Keyword(s):  
Water Droplet ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Material System ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
New Class ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
The Stability

Droplet-based biomolecular arrays form the basis for a new class of bioinspired material system, whereby decreasing the sizes of the droplets and increasing the number of droplets can lead to higher functional density for the array. In this paper, we report on a non-microfluidic approach to form and connect nanoliter-to-femtoliter, lipid-coated aqueous droplets in oil to form micro-droplet interface bilayers (μDIBs). Two different modes of operation are reported for dispensing a wide range of droplet sizes (2–200μm radius). Due to the high surface-area-to-volume ratios of microdroplets at these length scales, droplet shrinking is prominent, which affects the stability and lifetime of the bilayer. To better quantify these effects, we measure the shrinkage rates for 8 different water droplet/oil compositions and study the effect of lipid placement and lipid type on morphological changes to μDIBs.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Applications of Ceramic Nanofibers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuray Kizildag
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Erosion ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ceramic Nanofibers

Ceramic materials are well known for their hardness, inertness, superior mechanical and thermal properties, resistance against chemical erosion and corrosion. Ceramic nanofibers were first manufactured through a combination of electrospinning with sol–gel method in 2002. The electrospun ceramic nanofibers display unprecedented properties such as high surface area, length, thermo-mechanical properties, and hierarchically porous structure which make them candidates for a wide range of applications such as tissue engineering, sensors, water remediation, energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, thermal insulation materials, etc. This chapter focuses on the most recent advances in the applications of ceramic nanofibers.

scholarly journals Construction of Electrochemical Aptamer Sensor Based on Pt-Coordinated Titanium-Based Porphyrin MOF for Thrombin Detection

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiazi Jiang ◽  
Quan Cai ◽  
Minghan Deng
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Hybridization Time ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Aptamer Sensor ◽  
Pyrrole Nitrogen

In this work, a Pt-coordinated titanium-based porphyrin metal organic framework (Ti-MOF-Pt) was prepared by embedding single-atom Pt through strong interactions between the four pyrrole nitrogen atoms in the rigid backbone of the porphyrin. The synthesized Ti-MOF-Pt was characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR and BET. Then, the Ti-MOF-Pt has been used for glassy carbon electrode surface modification and consequently used for construction of a thrombin aptamer sensor. The high surface area provides by MOF and excellent electrochemical property provided by Pt enhance the sensing performance. After optimization of amount of aptamer, hybridization time and specific reaction time, the fabricated aptamer sensor exhibited a linear relationship with the logarithm of the thrombin concentration in the range of 4 pM to 0.2 μM. The detection limit can be calculated as 1.3 pM.

scholarly journals Superwetting and aptamer functionalized shrink-induced high surface area electrochemical sensors

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hauke ◽  
L.S. Selva Kumar ◽  
M.Y. Kim ◽  
J. Pegan ◽  
M. Khine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area

scholarly journals Removal of organic contaminant by municipal sewage sludge-derived hydrochar: kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wei ◽  
Yitao Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hui Yu ◽  
Yongzhen Peng
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Physical Interactions

Abstract In this work, a microporous municipal sewage sludge-derived hydrochar (MSSH) with relatively high surface area and abundant surface organic functional groups was produced through hydrothermal carbonization. Based on the adsorption results over a wide range of conditions, the prepared MSSH was suggested as a promising adsorbent for CV because of its high and efficient adsorption capability. The experimental data were fitted to several kinetic models. Based on calculated respective parameters such as rate constants, equilibrium adsorption capacities and correlation coefficients, the pseudo second-order model proved the best in describing the adsorption behavior of MSSH. Through kinetics, thermodynamic modeling studies and material characterization, a plausible adsorption process was discussed under the conditions used in this study. It can be confirmed that the adsorption of CV onto MSSH is via both physical interactions (electrostatic interaction and Van der Waals' force) and chemical interactions (formation of H-bonding).

scholarly journals Electrical Property of Graphene and Its Application to Electrochemical Biosensing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ho Lee ◽  
Soo-jeong Park ◽  
Jeong-Woo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensor ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Biomarker Analysis

Graphene, a single atom thick layer of two-dimensional closely packed honeycomb carbon lattice, and its derivatives have attracted much attention in the field of biomedical, due to its unique physicochemical properties. The valuable physicochemical properties, such as high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, remarkable biocompatibility and ease of surface functionalization have shown great potentials in the applications of graphene-based bioelectronics devices, including electrochemical biosensors for biomarker analysis. In this review, we will provide a selective overview of recent advances on synthesis methods of graphene and its derivatives, as well as its application to electrochemical biosensor development. We believe the topics discussed here are useful, and able to provide a guideline in the development of novel graphene and on graphene-like 2-dimensional (2D) materials based biosensors in the future.

Graphene-based Nanomaterials for Fabrication of ‘Pesticide’ Electrochemical Sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Manorama Singh ◽  
Smita R. Bhardiya ◽  
Fooleswar Verma ◽  
Vijai K. Rai ◽  
Ankita Rai
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Hybrid Functional ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Functional Composites

At present, graphene is one of the most up-to-date materials and it can be applied for various energy conversion devices and sensor technology. In this review article, our main focus is to summarize the role of graphene and its modified surface leading to develop hybrid nanomaterials and its applications in fabrication of pesticide sensor. Graphene based materials demonstrate exclusive electrochemical and optical properties as well as compatibility to absorb a variety of bio-molecules through π-π stacking interaction and/or electrostatics interaction, which make them ideal material to be employed in sensor application. The role of graphene is very crucial in preparing different unique and desirable hybrid functional composites along with nanoparticles, redox mediators, conducting polymers etc. to improve the performance of the sensors. Therefore, they can be easily used as a suitable material applying in fabrication of electrochemical sensors/ biosensors for the detection of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides. A number of most recent reported works were discussed in which graphene-based hybrid composites show high sensitivity, good catalytic activity, selectivity towards the determination of pesticide either enzymatically or nonenzymatically. The properties of graphene (exceptional charge transport, thermal, optical, mechanical, high surface area, large pore volume and size, an opened ordered structure) play an important role in pesticide detection.

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