scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Investigation of the Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Croton dichogamus Pax Crude Root Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dorine Nyak Matara ◽  
Joseph Mwanzia Nguta ◽  
Fredrick Mutie Musila ◽  
Isaac Mapenay
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Background. Increasing antimicrobial resistance has led to an arduous search for new potent drugs from nature. In this search, plants have proved to be rich reservoirs of efficacious medicinal components that manage ailments. The current study is designed to investigate the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and the cytotoxicity of the crude root extracts of Croton dichogamus, a shrub that is commonly used in the eastern Africa for the management of infectious diseases. Methods. The roots of Croton dichogamus were obtained, dried, ground, and extracted using three solvents (acetone, distilled water, and 50% ethanol). The antimicrobial activity was tested using agar well diffusion and microbroth dilution techniques against five human pathogens. The brine shrimp lethality assay was used to assess the toxic effect. Results. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, polyuronides, saponins, and anthracenes. The brine shrimp lethality assay indicated that all the extracts were highly cytotoxic with LC50 values below 100 μg/ml. Acetonic extract had an LC50 value of 4.148 μg/ml, hydroethanolic extract had 76.09 μg/ml, and aqueous extract had 42.61 μg/ml. All extracts showed the antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (B. cereus and S. aureus) and a fungal organism, C. albicans. The extracts showed no antibacterial effect on the Gram-negative bacterial strains (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) at a concentration of 250 mg/ml. The highest antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by the acetonic extract on B. cereus which had an MIC of 10.42 mg/ml and a zone of inhibition of 17.33 ± 0.58 at a concentration of 250 mg/ml. Conclusion. In this research work, we report that C. dichogamus had the antimicrobial activity confirming the folklore claim. The results made a strong case for isolation of novel anticancer lead compounds.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY BIOASSAY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF ALYSICARPUS VAGINALIS VAR. NUMMULARIFOLIUS (DC.) MIQ. (FAMILY: FABACEAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Susan Kurian ◽  
V. S. Josekumar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of <em>Alysicarpus vaginalis </em>var<em>. nummularifolius </em>(DC) along with phytochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The crude extract of hexane (AVH), ethyl acetate (AVE) and methanol (AVM) of <em>Alysicarpus vaginalis </em>var<em>. nummularifolius </em>(DC) were prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The cytotoxicity activity of the plant extracts was predicted using brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). The antimicrobial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts were examined against 5 bacterial and 2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method, and two fold serial dilution method, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phytochemical screening studies showed a higher concentration of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, quinones and terpenoids in AVM than the other two extracts. The LC<sub>50</sub> value of AVH and AVE were found to be 900.05 µg/ml and 754.35 µg/ml respectively using BSLA while that of AVM was&gt;1000 ug/ml. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms. The MIC values of AVM were lower than AVE for all the microbial strains except for <em>Pseudomonas aeroginosa</em> where AVE (107.87µg/ml) exhibited higher value than AVM (51µg/ml).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study concluded AVM with a high presence of phytochemicals. The AVE and AVM were found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards. The AVM exhibited lesser toxicity when compared with AVH and AVE.<strong></strong></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxicity evaluation of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Anham Shahid Abbasi ◽  
Qazi Najam-Us-Saqib ◽  
Atta-Ur-Rehman ◽  
Nisar-Ur-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata ◽  
Cytotoxic Studies

Summary Introduction: Bauhinia variegata is used in traditional medicine in Pakistan. Objective: The present study was designated to analyze phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity assay of crude aqueous and methanol extracts of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of both extracts were performed by using standard protocols while brine shrimp lethality assay was conducted for cytotoxicity analysis of both extracts. Results: The highest levels of phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids were observed in methanol extract with respective standard drugs. The aminoacid content was highest followed by phenol and flavonoids in crude aqueous extract of the raw materials. In cytotoxic studies (brine shrimp lethality assay) the use of methanol extract was reported as potent with LD50 of 241.778 µg/ml as compared to aqueous extract with LD50 of 489.7061 µg/ml. Conclusion: This study reveals that the presence of bioactive compounds in both extracts are responsible for the treatment of various ailments and being utilized by the traditional folks as a food as well. And showed that methanol extract possess cytotoxic activity and thus needs further scientific intervention for its value addition.

In-Vitro Cytotoxic Activities of Brassica oleracea Var capitata by Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-275
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Balaraman ◽  
Sasikala Chinnappan ◽  
Mogana R Mogana ◽  
Aziz Ur Rahman ◽  
Tan Zhe Way
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Potential of a Novel Flavone “6,7,4′-Trimethyl Flavone” Isolated from Wulfenia amherstiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Maria Kakar ◽  
Muhammad Usman Amin ◽  
Saad Alghamdi ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada ◽  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Wulfenia amherstiana belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family and various plants of this family are known for their biological activities. The present study was focused on the isolation of bioactive compounds including a novel flavone 6,7,4′-trimethyl flavone (TMF) along with three known flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, and a steroid β-sitosterol which were isolated from the ethanolic extract of W. amherstiana (Himalayan Wulfenia) through column chromatography and purified by using HPLC. Their structures were identified and elucidated through electron ionization mass spectroscopy (EIMS), 1DNMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), and 2DNMR (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of this novel compound were evaluated through agar well diffusion method, while antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were assessed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging assay and brine shrimp lethality assay, respectively. The NMR data revealed that TMF is a novel compound. TMF showed potential antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 128 μg/ml) and Candida albicans (MIC = 128 μg/ml). The cytotoxic potential of TMF was determined from brine shrimp lethality assay with LD50 of 127.01 μg/ml. The free-radical scavenging potential of TMF at various concentrations implicated its strong antioxidant activity in vitro. The results revealed that TMF demonstrated substantial antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, strong antioxidant activity, and moderately cytotoxic activity.

scholarly journals BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY BIOASSAY OF ABRUS PRECATORIUS (LINN) LEAVES AND ROOT EXTRACT

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Wakawa H. Y. ◽  
Prof D. R. ◽  
Fasihuddin B. A.
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study was conducted to test for <em>in vivo</em> Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of <em>Abrus precarious</em><em> </em>leaves and root extracts after successive maceration in four solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) ethyl acetate and methanol) and correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC<sub>50</sub> (lethality concentration), 10 nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extracts, and after 24 h the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted, and LC<sub>50</sub> was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Potent cytotoxicity was found for both the leaves and root extracts of <em>Abrus precatorius</em>, results showed a concentration dependent increment in mortality rate of the brine shrimp nauplii and the n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions of the root and leaves extracts were more potent against the brine shrimp with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 7.870 ppm and 19.135 ppm (µg/ml) respectively, whereas methanol fractions of both the extracts exhibited low potent activity with LC<sub>50</sub> values 61.575 ppm and 226.053 ppm (µg/ml) in root and leaves respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result indicated bioactive components are present in this plant that could be accounted for its pharmacological effects.</p>

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT, PTP 1B INHIBITION AND Α-AMYLASE INHIBITION PROPERTY AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACT OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA AND CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS OF NEPAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
KARKI YASHODA ◽  
KHADKA DEEGENDRA ◽  
SUBBA BIMALA
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Ptp 1B

Objective: The present study was designed to study phytochemicals and biological activities of the methanolic extracts of two traditional medicine plants Achyranthes aspera and Catharanthus roseus of Nepalese origin. Methods: Plant extracts were prepared by cold percolation method. Antioxidant activity, brine shrimp lethality assay, and analysis of phytochemical constituents were carried out using standard methods. The dinitro salicylic acid (DNS) method was used to study the inhibition effect of extracts on α-amylase enzyme. Furthermore, PTP 1B inhibitory activity was evaluated using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP) as substrate. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, reducing sugars, etc. in both plants. Brine shrimp lethality assay suggested the presence of pharmacologically active compounds. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of C. roseus were found to be higher with 73.21 mg GAE/g and 33.15 mg Q/g respectively than that of A. aspera, which was found to be 57.09 mg GAE/g and 28.96 mg Q/g respectively. Similarly, the α-amylase inhibition of A. aspera and C. roseus was found to be 97.60±1.11 µg/ml and 94.05±1.18 µg/ml comparative with IC50 68.13±0.46 µg/ml of standard acarbose. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition showed IC50 for A. aspera and C. roseus to be 48.72±0.46 and 50.21±1.03 µg/ml, respectively. Qualitative GC-MS analysis of both plant hexane fractions showed acid and ester type of phytoconstituents. Conclusion: These results suggested that both plants i. e A. aspera and C. roseus, Nepal origin showed biological activity by targeting multiple drug targets which justifies their traditional uses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of carbon tetrachloride fraction of Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees (Lauraceae) leaf extract for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antidiarrheal properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Najim Uddin ◽  
Towsif Alam ◽  
Muhammad Azharul Islam ◽  
Tawhidul Amin Khan ◽  
Raihan Uz Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Abstract Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees (Family: Lauraceae) is commonly used in folk medicine against urinary disorder and diabetes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, and antidiarrheal activities of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) fraction of leaves of A. angustifolia (CTFAA) in different experimental models. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using qualitative and quantitative assays, while antidiarrheal effects assessed with castor oil-induced diarrheal models in mice. The clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality bioassay were used to investigate the thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities, respectively. CTFAA showed antioxidant effects in all qualitative and quantitative procedures. The fraction produced dose-dependent and significant (P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.01) activities in castor oil-induced diarrheal models. Moreover, CTFAA significantly (P&lt;0.05) demonstrated a 15.29% clot lysis effect in the thrombolytic test, and the brine shrimp lethality assay LC50 value was 424.16 μg/ml bioassay. In conclusion, the current study showed CTFAA has significant antidiarrheal effects along with modest antioxidant and thrombolytic effects, and these data warrant further experiment to justify and include CTFAA as a supplement to mitigate the onset of diarrheal and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals KAJIAN TOKSISITAS DARI TUBUH BUAH Ganoderma lucidum DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BST)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ross Nurul Rohmah ◽  
Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas ◽  
Ari Asnani
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Body Extract

Ganoderma lucidum is polyporus fungi from Basidiomycetes which can be used as traditional medicines. Toxicity test with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method using Artemia salina was conducted to find out toxic effect of G.lucidum. An extract would have toxic effect if the LC50 < 1000 µg/ml. The aims of this experiment were to know about the toxicity level from G.lucidum with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method and determined the concentration of fruiting body extract of G.lucidum which had the best toxicity effect in LC50. There were two extraction methods used in this experiment, first one stage extraction and then multilevel extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Each solvent was made in 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, and 125 ppm. This process was repeated for three times. This experiment used G.lucidum extract which was tested to A.salina and secunder compound metabolit test from the most toxic G. lucidum was done with phytochemical analysis. The result indicated that fruiting body extract from G.lucidum could kill A.salina because all extract was positively contained alkaloid and terpenoid but negatively contained flavonoid. Fruiting body extract from G.lucidum which had lowest LC50 wass ethyl asetat extract with one stage extraction in concentration 53,70 ppm and highest LC50 was ethanol extract with multilevel extraction in concentration 501,18 ppm.

scholarly journals Steroids from the Leave of Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-227
Author(s):  
Md Sagar Hossain ◽  
NM Mofiz Uddin Khan ◽  
Md Saiful Quddus ◽  
AM Sarwaruddin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Antimicrobial Screening ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Persicaria Perfoliata ◽  
Test Organisms

β-sitosterol (1) and β-sitosterol-D-glucoside (2) were isolated from the dichloromethane soluble fraction of a methanol extract of the leave of Persicaria perfoliata. The crude fraction was subjected to antimicrobial screening and brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where moderate antimicrobial activity was observed against most of the test organisms was seen. The hexane soluble fraction also displayed significant cytotoxic activity with LC50 0.64 μg/ml in brine shrimp lethality bioassay. This is the first report of occurrence of these compounds from this plant. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(2): 224-227, 2019

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