scholarly journals Serosurvey and Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Dogs in Rural Areas of Kazeroun District, Fars Province, Southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Zahra Rezaei ◽  
Ali Zeighami ◽  
Reza Shahriarirad ◽  
Amirhossein Erfani ◽  
Mohammad Rastegarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Age Range

Background. Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite responsible for systemic disease in a wide range of warm-blooded animals. The current study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in dogs, using serological and molecular methods in rural areas in Kazeroun Township, Fars province, southern Iran. Methods. Blood samples were obtained from 60 clinically healthy dogs with an age range of 1 to 7 years in three rural areas of Fars province, southern Iran. Sera and buffy coats were used to assess the T. gondii infection using both modified agglutination test (MAT) and real-time PCR. Results. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 5 out of 60 (8.3%) dogs by the MAT method, and T. gondii DNA was detected in 17 out of 60 (28.3%) studied animals. There was no significant association between sex and seropositivity to Toxoplasma ( p > 0.05 ). Fair agreement ( kappa = 0.27 ) was seen between molecular and serological findings where three dogs with positive serological results had a positive molecular test. Conclusion. Findings of the present study show a relatively high prevalence of T. gondii infection in dogs in rural areas in Fars province, southern Iran. Finding the parasite genotype in dogs deserves further study.

Rural residence remains a risk factor for Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in a highly urbanized Brazilian area: a robust cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Maria Ribeiro Antinarelli ◽  
Márcio Roberto Silva ◽  
Ricardo José de Paula Sousa e Guimarães ◽  
Mariana Sequetto Terror ◽  
Patrícia Enham Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public

Abstract Background Despite high seroprevalence of asymptomatic infection in humans, toxoplasmosis can manifest as a severe systemic disease, as occurs in the congenital infection. Here we evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in a highly urbanized area of Brazil. Methods A robust seroepidemiological study was conducted using laboratory databases of anti-Toxoplasma gondii serological results together with information on age, month/year of diagnosis and place of residence of pregnant women in the public health system of the city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. Results Of 5895 pregnant women analysed, 54.7% showed seronegativity and 44.4% showed seropositivity for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. This seropositivity rate increased to 68.3% when only considering participants from rural areas. Multivariate analysis revealed higher odds of being seropositive associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.06 [confidence interval {CI} 1.05 to 1.07]) and with living in rural areas (OR 2.96 [CI 1.64 to 5.36]). The spatial distribution of IgG seropositivity indicated a higher prevalence concentrated in rural and peripheral neighbourhoods. Conclusions This is the first report to use spatial analysis to show a cluster of Toxoplasma infection in rural and peripheral neighbourhoods of a highly urbanized municipality, which highlights the need for adequate healthcare actions to be implemented for women living in these areas.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and molecular diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection among blood donors in southern Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahador Sarkari ◽  
Reza Shafiei ◽  
Mani Zare ◽  
Sattar Sohrabpour ◽  
Leila Kasraian
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite which can be transmitted to human through a variety of routes including blood transfusion. This cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection and related epidemiological features among healthy blood donors. Methodology: A total of 1,480 healthy blood donors from five blood service centers in Fars province were analyzed for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Blood samples were tested for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. IgM-positive samples were also tested for the presence of Toxoplasma DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Demographic characteristics of participants were also recorded during samples collection. Results: Anti T. gondii antibodies were detected in sera of 286 out of 1,480 blood donors corresponding to an overall seroprevalence of 19.3% in this population.  From these, 182 (12.3%) were seropositive only for IgG, 81 (5.47%) were seropositive only for IgM and 23 (1.6%) were positive for both IgG and IgM. PCR detected active parasitemia in two (1.9%) of the IgM-positive subjects. Age, place of residence and level of education were statistically significant (p < 0.05) with seropositivity to Toxoplasma. Conclusions: Our results highlighted that asymptomatic blood donors, especially those with active parasitemia, may constitute a significant risk of transmitting toxoplasmosis to susceptible recipients.

Molecular survey of Toxoplasma infection in sheep and goat from Fars province, Southern Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qasem Asgari ◽  
Jamshid Sarnevesht ◽  
Mohsen Kalantari ◽  
Seyed Jafar Adnani Sadat ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Motazedian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fars Province ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Molecular Survey ◽  
Southern Iran

scholarly journals Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Ruminant Species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abid Ali ◽  
Talha Omer ◽  
Asad Ullah ◽  
Abdul Haleem ◽  
Maryam Naseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Toxoplasma infection is one of the most common human parasitic diseases. During 2018-2020, in the rural areas of three districts of Pakistan, we surveyed a total of 451 animals, belonging to different asymptomatic ruminant species, to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. We used ELISA assay as well as recorded some associated risk factors contributing to its transmission. IgM antibodies were detected in 17% and IgG in 13.4% of ruminant samples with the highest percentage, 10% for IgM and 8.6% for IgG in sheep. A strong significant association was found between antibodies and different species (IgM, χ 2 = 29 .280, P = .000 , and IgG, χ 2 = 22.580 , P = .000 ), respectively. Infection with T. gondii seems mainly associated with different geographic features and the presence of cats in the environment, low hygiene water systems and livestock that are mostly dependent on outdoor drinking and grazing. There was no significant association between IgM and age grouping ( χ 2 = 6.660 , P = 0.840 nor for IgG ( χ 2 = 8.136 , P = 0.43 ). The results of this study may be considered the starting point to promote the awareness about parasitic infections in ruminants in Pakistan in order to prevent this infection from further spreading.

Regional seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in feral and stray cats (Felis catus) from Tasmania

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn A. Fancourt ◽  
Robert B. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Stray Cats

Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite of felids that also has significant implications for the health of wildlife, livestock and humans worldwide. In Australia, feral, stray and domestic cats (Felis catus) are the most important definitive host of T. gondii as they are the only species that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts that provide a major source of infection for mammals and birds. In Tasmania, the rapid decline of the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) may allow an increase in feral cat abundance, thereby increasing the risk of T. gondii infection to a range of susceptible wildlife species. At present, there is scant information on the prevalence of T. gondii infection in feral cat populations across Tasmania. We tested feral cats from 13 regions across Tasmania for the presence of T. gondii–specific IgG antibodies using a modified agglutination test. Results were combined with serosurveys from three previous studies to enable a comparison of seroprevalence among 14 regions across Tasmania. We found that 84.2% (224 of 266) of cats tested positive for T. gondii IgG antibodies. This is among the highest rates of prevalence recorded from Australia, and significantly higher than for most other countries. Adult cats had higher seroprevalence than kittens but there was no difference between sexes. In Tasmania, seroprevalence was high in 12 of 14 regions (range: 79.3–100.0%), with only two regions (Tasman Island and Southern Tasmania) recording significantly lower seroprevalence (≤50%). This suggests a high risk of infection across Tasmania, and has significant implications for wildlife conservation should feral cat abundance increase with the ongoing declines in Tasmanian devils.

scholarly journals Novel Data About Unusual Location of Toxoplasma Gondii Within Active Microbial Community in the Anterior Chamber of the Eye of Egyptian Rural Children

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled G. Abu Eleinen ◽  
Amany A. Abdelaal ◽  
Ahmed H. Nadar ◽  
Azza I. El-Adawy ◽  
Ahmed Sayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ocular Lesions ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Abstract In Egypt, many cases of granulomatous anterior uveitis consisting of single or multiple gelatinous nodules were detected in children living in rural areas. These lesions are believed to be waterborne and were previously attributed to flatworms ‘stage, showing some improvement after antiparasitic treatment. In a trial to explore the nature of these ocular lesions among rural Egyptian children, twenty surgically excised ocular lesions were subjected to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination. TEM results were combined with previous results of the metagenomic analysis performed for four cases out of the twenty samples, revealing the presence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), besides, a wide range of microbial communities, including variable species of fungi, bacteria, and archaea. The excised lesions ranged from 1 to 5 mm in size and demonstrated an extensive inflammatory cellular infiltrate. Using TEM, five out of twenty samples revealed active eukaryotic organisms with intact energetic cellular organelles, besides, numerous nuclei encircled within a syncytial layer and enclosed by a hyaline layer rich in mitochondria. Six samples showed inactivity in the cellular and the covering portions, while just inflammatory reaction was seen in the remaining nine samples. Toxoplasma gondii was found free within the distal part of the syncytium while, the proximal part showed the active synthesis of possibly extra polymeric substance, perhaps secreted by the microbial community. In a conclusion, Toxoplasma gondii has been detected among a microbial community in an atypical lesion in the eye. Further studies need to be sustained on genotype characterization, proteomic analysis, besides, the aquatic transmission of these mixed microbial species to the ocular tissues to clarify the reason behind such ocular illness.

scholarly journals Inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii Bradyzoites after Salt Exposure during Preparation of Dry-Cured Hams

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORRELL FREDERICKS ◽  
DIANE S. HAWKINS-COOPER ◽  
DOLORES E. HILL ◽  
JOHN B. LUCHANSKY ◽  
ANNA C. S. PORTO-FETT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
Step Over ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT Foodborne pathogens continue to pose a public health risk and can cause serious illness and significant outbreaks of disease in consumers. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. The consumption of raw or undercooked infected meat, including pork, that contains infectious stages of T. gondii has been regarded as a major route of T. gondii transmission to humans. Given the occasional presence of T. gondii in pork meat, the frequent use of pork for products not intended to be cooked, such as dry-cured ham, presents a potential risk for its transmission to consumers. In this study, we investigated the viability of T. gondii in dry-cured whole hams processed using methods that were previously required for treatment of hams to inactivate Trichinella spiralis in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (9 CFR 318.10) and are now described in guidance documents from the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service. Infected pork hams were salted and cured for 33 days at 3°C and 85% ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and then were dried for up to 12 months at 12°C and 67.5% ± 2.5% RH. Inactivation of T. gondii was assessed in mouse bioassays and, serologically, by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Results showed that T. gondii bradyzoites were inactivated during the salting and curing step (33 days); no viable T. gondii was detected in the mouse bioassay and no evidence of serological conversion was detected by MAT in any of the mice inoculated with any of the samples tested during the drying step over the 12 months of the experiment. These results demonstrated that the approved protocols for production of dry-cured hams validated herein can inactivate T. gondii and lower the risk to consumers of this product. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Determination of Antibodies (IgG, IgM) against Toxoplasma gondii in Some Iraqi individuals by using ELISA technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-946
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Period Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Immunological Technique ◽  
Age Range

A total of 258 voluntary blood donors (males 101; females 157) in the age range of 18-52 yr among males and 18-55 yr among females were examined for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG), and (IgM) by immunological technique (Enzyme linked Immunosorbant Assay) during the period from March 2009 to April 2010. This study covered a wide range of factors including immunological, age ,sex , place of residence and symptoms that may have a possible relationship with toxoplasmosis. Results presented in this study showed clearly that 38 (14.7%) of individuals participated in this study having IgG Toxoplasma Ab, among those 10 samples (9.9%) were males and 28 samples (17.8%) were females. Moreover, we found the prevalence of IgM seropositivity in the study population to be 5.8% ,as well as, the prevalence of IgM was 1.98 % in males and 8.3% in females. In addition to , the results of current study indicated that the seroprevalence of IgG Toxoplasma antibodies are more than IgM antibodies ,besides , the peak period range of toxoplasma gondii antibodies IgG among males donors was 30 to 39 years, while among female donors, the highest detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies IgG was between the ages of 40 to 49. What's more, the peak age range of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies IgM among males and females donors was 19 to 29 years. In conclusion , Our study showed a high prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in healthy voluntary blood donors. It may be appropriate to include screening test (ELISA) for T. gondii also in the pre transfusion blood testing schedule.

scholarly journals Serological Evaluation of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Patients with Acute Leukemia and Lymphoma through Chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh TABATABAIE ◽  
Taher ELMI ◽  
Majid KHANMOHAMMADI ◽  
Lame AKHLAGHI ◽  
Mahmoud MAHAMI-OSKOUEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Igg Avidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that belongs to the family Coccidae. We aimed to evaluate IgG avidity and the changes of anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulins M (IgM) and G (IgG) in patients with acute leukemia and lymphoma. Methods: Ninety eight patients with Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and lymphoma, selected from patients referring to Imam Reza Hospital of Tabriz (38°04′N 46°18′E), in terms of the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM, IgG, IgG avidity antibodies and the major risk factors were evaluated. Results: The results of pre-chemotherapy evaluation showed that of the examined patients, only two cases, one patient with ALL and another patient with lymphoma, had a positive IgM titer. Overall, 46 cases had positive IgG titers, including 20 patients with AML, 15 patients with ALL and 11 patients with lymphoma. Three (3.06%) patients were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM and one of them was with new infection of toxoplasmosis in lymphoma patients. The post-chemotherapy IgG titer evaluation showed 46 [46.9% (95% CI 37.4–56.7)] positive IgG cases that this result was similar to the result of pre-treatment phase. One [1% (95% CI 0.2–5.6)] positive IgG avidity case was detected using ELISA method, in a patient with lymphoma whose IgM was also positive. There was no significant difference between the type of leukemia and the history of contact with cat. Conclusion: Performing specialized tests to diagnose toxoplasma infection before starting treatment, in immunodeficiency patients who undergo chemotherapy, is necessary; therefore, these tests should be considered in therapeutic protocols.

scholarly journals Molecular and Serological Evaluation of Neospora caninum Infection in Dogs from a Rural Setting in Fars Province, Southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morvarid HARIRI ◽  
Nasir AREFKHAH ◽  
Fariba GHORBANI ◽  
Mehdi NAMAVARI ◽  
Mostafa OMIDIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Iran

Background: Dogs, as the definitive host of Neospora caninum, are important in the epidemiology of this parasitic infection. We aimed to determine the prevalence of N. caninum infection in a dog population from a rural setting in Fars Province, Southern Iran, using a combination of molecular and serological techniques. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Nov 2018 in three rural districts, Sar Mashhad, HosseinAbad, and Tolesaman located in Kazeroun Township in Fars province, southern Iran. Blood samples were taken from 60 stray and household dogs. Dogs’ sera were tested for antibodies against N. caninum, using a Neospora-Modified Agglutination Test. Moreover, dogs’ buffy coats were tested for Neospora DNA, using a molecular method. Results: Anti-Neospora antibodies were detected in sera of 4 out of 60 dogs, corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 6.7%. Out of 25 female dogs, 1 was seropositive and of 35 males, 3 were seropositive, yet the differences were not statistically significant. The infection was more prevalent in adult dogs (> 12 months), nevertheless, the differences between age and Neospora seropositivity was not statistically significant. N. caninum DNA was not detected in the buffy coat of any of the studied dogs. Conclusion: Findings of the study indicate that N. caninum is a common infection in dogs in rural areas of Fars province in southern Iran. The infected dogs mig

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