scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Ascorbic Acid Enhances the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Ocimum sanctum L. Grown under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Neelma Munir ◽  
Sheza A. Khilji ◽  
Maryam Shabir ◽  
Zahoor A. Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Antioxidants Activity

Ocimum sanctum L. (Tulsi) is the most important medicinal plant that has antimicrobial, antioxidants, and anticarcinogenic effects on human health. Plants, when under stress, gather several antioxidants and osmoprotectants. The present work focuses on the abiotic stress response of Tulsi and its mitigation by the application of ascorbic acid. In addition to this, an enhancement of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity was also analyzed using ascorbic acid. During the present work, when plants were grown under NaCl stress and ascorbic acid (AA) was provided with foliar applications, it ascertained encouraging effects on growth; likewise, its effect remains stable under salinity stress. The enzymatic antioxidants activity showed a significant change in response to AA alone or in combination. The highest catalase activity was recorded in plants subjected to 0.5 mM AA in combination with 100 mM NaCl (0.65 units/mL of enzyme). Likewise, a similar trend was recorded for the superoxide dismutase activity of Tulsi plants. The highest activity of SOD was recorded in plants subjected to 0.5 mM AA in combination with 100 mM NaCl (66.1 units/mg of protein). Flavonoid content showed its highest amount (27.41 mg/g) when plants were treated with 0.5 mM AA + 100 mM NaCl while the highest phenolic content (1.88 mg/g) was analyzed in salt treated plants sprayed with 0.5 mM AA. In the case of antimicrobial activity, 0.5 mM AA treated plants gave the highest value for the Staphylococcus aureus as 2.15 cm and in Clostridium species was 2.1 cm in the plants treated with 1 mM AA alone. Hence, the findings of the present study may lead to the conclusion that AA has a significant role in defense mechanisms of plants in response to salt stress. Further, it enhances the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Tulsi plants grown under salt stress.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Responses of Tomato Landraces to Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Reem H. Alzahib ◽  
Hussein M. Migdadi ◽  
Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Abdullah A. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Salinity Levels

Understanding salt tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces will facilitate their use in genetic improvement. The study assessed the morpho-physiological variability of Hail tomato landraces in response to different salinity levels at seedling stages and recommended a tomato salt-tolerant landrace for future breeding programs. Three tomato landraces, Hail 548, Hail 747, and Hail 1072 were tested under three salinity levels: 75, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Salinity stress reduced shoots’ fresh and dry weight by 71% and 72%, and roots were 86.5% and 78.6%, respectively. There was 22% reduced chlorophyll content, carotene content by 18.6%, and anthocyanin by 41.1%. Proline content increased for stressed treatments. The 300 mM NaCl treatment recorded the most proline content increases (67.37 mg/g fresh weight), with a percent increase in proline reaching 61.67% in Hail 747. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased by 65% in Hail 548, while it relatively increased in Hail 747 and Hail 1072 treated with 300 mM NaCl. Catalase (CAT) activity was enhanced by salt stress in Hail 548 and recorded 7.6%, increasing at 75 and 5.1% at 300 mM NaCl. It revealed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) at the 300 mM NaCl concentration in both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 landraces. Increasing salt concentrations showed a reduction in transpiration rate of 70.55%, 7.13% in stomatal conductance, and 72.34% in photosynthetic rate. K+/Na+ ratios decreased from 56% for 75 mM NaCl to 85% for 300 mM NaCl treatments in all genotypes. The response to salt stress in landraces involved some modifications in morphology, physiology, and metabolism. The landrace Hail 548 may have better protection against salt stress and observed protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing enzymatic “antioxidants” activity under salt stress.

scholarly journals 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) Confers Tolerance against NaCl Stress in Soybean Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant System, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alam ◽  
Albalawi ◽  
Altalayan ◽  
Bakht ◽  
Ahanger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Na Uptake ◽  
Glyoxalase Cycle

: The present research was performed to assess the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on salt-stressed soybean plants. Salt stress suppressed growth, biomass yield, gas exchange parameters, pigment content, and chlorophyll fluorescence, but all these parameters were up-regulated by EBR supply. Moreover, salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage. EBR supplementation reduced the accumulation of oxidative stress biomarkers. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the accumulation of proline, glycinebetaine, total phenols, and total flavonoids increased with NaCl stress, but these attributes further increased with EBR supplementation. The activities of enzymes and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants involved in the Asc-Glu cycle also increased with NaCl stress, and further enhancement in these attributes was recorded by EBR supplementation. Salinity elevated the methylglyoxal content, but it was decreased by the EBR supplementation accompanying with up-regulation of the glyoxalase cycle (GlyI and GlyII). Salinity enhanced the Na+ uptake in root and shoot coupled with a decrease in uptake of Ca2+, K+, and P. However, EBR supplementation declined Na+ accumulation and promoted the uptake of the aforementioned nutrients. Overall, EBR supplementation regulated the salt tolerance mechanism in soybean plants by modulating osmolytes, activities of key enzymes, and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants.

scholarly journals Response of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in Excoecaria agallocha to salt stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
N. Jamuna ◽  
R. Sozharajan ◽  
M. Rajaravindran ◽  
S. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Mangrove Seedlings ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of NaCl stress on antioxidant enzymes activities was investigated in the leaves of Excoecaria agallocha. Plants were subjected to different levels of NaCl. 100 to 1000 mM. Above 500 mM these mangrove seedlings did not survive. The leaves of 60 day old plants were used for the analysis of enzyme activities. Parameters of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbic acid (ASA) and alpha tocopherol were determined. The highest CAT, POD, APX, PPO and SOD activities in the leaf and root enhanced gradually up to 300 mM of NaCl, the highest ASA and tocopherol activities in the leaf and root were observed at 500 mM of NaCl. These data suggest that the capacity to limit oxidative damage is important for the salt tolerance of E. agallocha.

Lack of Salicylic Acid in Arabidopsis Protects Plants against Moderate Salt Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cao ◽  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Li-Wei Xue ◽  
Jun-Bo Du ◽  
Jing Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Germination And Growth

Previous studies showed that salicylic acid (SA)-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis expressing the salicylate hydroxylase gene NahG had a higher tolerance to moderate salt stress. SA may potentiate the stress response of germination and growth of Arabidopsis seedlings by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the detailed mechanism for a better adaption of NahG plants to moderate salt stress is largely unknown. In the present study we found that a higher GSH/GSSG (glutathione/oxidized glutathione) ratio and ASA/DHA (ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbate) ratio in NahG plants during the stress may be the key reason for their stress-tolerance advantage. NahG plants actually could not produce more active antioxidant enzymes than the wild-type ones under natural conditions, but maintain higher activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) during the stress. Hereby, the reduced glutathione and reduced ascorbic acid contents are higher in NahG plants under salt stress. However, NahG plants do not adapt better under severe salt stress. All antioxidant enzyme activities, GSH/GSSG ratio and ASA/DHA ratio declined substantively at 400 mM NaCl stress in both NahG and wild-type seedlings.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Antioxidant System and Proline Metabolism in the Leaves of Cucumber Plants Acclimated to Salt Stress

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Marcin Naliwajski ◽  
Maria Skłodowska
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Proline Metabolism ◽  
Proline Dehydrogenase ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Group

The study examines the effect of acclimation on the antioxidant system and proline metabolism in cucumber leaves subjected to 100 and 150 NaCl stress. The levels of protein carbonyl group, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, α-tocopherol, and activity of ascorbate and glutathione peroxidases, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate: synthetase and reductase as well as proline dehydrogenase were determined after 24 and 72 h periods of salt stress in the acclimated and non-acclimated plants. Although both groups of plants showed high α-tocopherol levels, in acclimated plants was observed higher constitutive concentration of these compounds as well as after salt treatment. Furthermore, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants grew in response to salt stress, mainly in the acclimated plants. In the acclimated plants, protein carbonyl group levels collapsed on a constitutive level and in response to salt stress. Although both groups of plants showed a decrease in proline dehydrogenase activity, they differed with regard to the range and time. Differences in response to salt stress between the acclimated and non-acclimated plants may suggest a relationship between increased tolerance in acclimated plants and raised activity of antioxidant enzymes, high-level of α-tocopherol as well, as decrease enzyme activity incorporates in proline catabolism.

scholarly journals Selection and Micropropagation of an Elite Melatonin Rich Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) Germplasm Line

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Annaliese Kibler ◽  
Christina E. Turi ◽  
Lauren A. E. Erland ◽  
J. Alan Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Seed Population ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) is a sacred plant of medicinal and spiritual significance in many cultures. Medicinal properties of Tulsi are ascribed to its phytochemicals with antioxidant capabilities. The current study was undertaken to screen a large seed population of Tulsi to select germplasm lines with high antioxidant potential and to standardize protocols for micropropagation and biomass production to produce a phytochemically consistent crop. A total of 80 germplasm lines were established under in vitro conditions and screened for their antioxidant potential determined with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) bioassay. The micropropagation of a selected line, named Vrinda, was established using nodal cultures grown on Murashige and Skoog medium containing benzylaminopurine (1.1 µM), gibberellic acid (0.3 µM), and activated charcoal (0.6%). The antioxidant phytohormones melatonin and serotonin were quantified in the field and greenhouse grown tissues of Vrinda and melatonin levels were found to be consistent in both conditions with higher serotonin levels under field conditions. This integrated approach combining the in vitro selection and propagation offers potential applications in the development of safe, effective, and novel natural health products of Tulsi, and many other medicinal plant species.

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