scholarly journals Prevalence, Patterns, and Determinants of Malaria and Malnutrition in Douala, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Loick Pradel Kojom Foko ◽  
Nicolas Policarpe Nolla ◽  
Hervé Nyabeyeu Nyabeyeu ◽  
Calvin Tonga ◽  
Leopold Gustave Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Reference Curves ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Background. Malaria and malnutrition are major public health problems in developing countries. This studywas mainly focused on the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of these conditions and their associations. Methods. A cross-sectional community study was conducted from February to March 2018 among 281 participants living in two districts in Douala. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information and parasitological and anthropometric data of participants. Nutritional status was determined using age, weight, and height. Body mass index for age (BMIAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) Z scores were computed based on the World Health Organization growth reference curves. Malaria infection was diagnosed using light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy. Results. The overall prevalence of malaria was 18.9%, mostly asymptomatic cases. Malaria infection was associated with study site ( p = 0.04 ), age ( p = 0.01 ), WAZ ( p = 0.0049 ), HAZ ( p = 0.03 ), and BMI ( p = 0.02 ). The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 43.1%, and stunting was the main form of malnutrition recorded in children under five years of age (23.6%). The risk of being stunted in this group was about quintupled in malaria-infected participants ( ARR = 4.70 ; p = 0.02 ). In those aged 5-19 years, the prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in malaria-positive individuals as compared to their negative counterparts ( p = 0.02 ). The overall prevalence of malaria and malnutrition cooccurrence was 8.5% and varied with age ( p < 0.0001 ) and study site ( p = 0.04 ). Conclusion and Recommendation. Malaria was associated with malnutrition among the study participants. Early detection and treatment of these ailments would reduce morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Survei status gizi balita di Agats, Asmat, Papua: Analisis situasi pascakejadian luar biasa gizi buruk

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Maria Fransiska Pudjohartono ◽  
Hanggoro Tri Rinonce ◽  
Josephine Debora ◽  
Pritania Astari ◽  
Monica Gisela Winata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Situation Analysis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

A recent extraordinary event of malnutrition in childrenin Asmat, Papua, Indonesia has drawn enormous attention. To help in post-emergency rehabilitation, Gadjah Mada University sent a Kuliah Kerja Nyata – Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) team to Agats, Asmat in March 17 – April 20, 2018. As part of situation analysis, the team surveyed the nutritional status of under five-years-old children in Agats, Asmat. The subjects were under five-year-old children coming to posyandus in fiveareasin Agats in March-April 2018. The data of sex, age, weight, and height were obtained, then the nutritional status in the form of Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) was calculated using WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 software. Nutritional status was determined based on criteria from World Health Organization (WHO). Among the 372 children, 35 (9.4%) children were underweight and 7 (1.9%) were severely underweight. Twenty one (5.7%) children were stunted and 12 (3.2%) were severely stunted. As many as 23 (6.2%) children were found to be wasted and 6 (1.6%) were severely wasted. The percentages of children with malnutrition found in this survey were lower than the percentages for Indonesia and Papua overall, but percentages in two posyandus were higher than the national and Papua percentages. The relatively low total percentages may be accounted for by concentration of malnutrition cases in districts other than Agats and lack of coverage of children absent from posyandu. Prevalence of malnutrition varied in different age groups possibly due to inadequacy of complementary foods, changes in incidence of infections, and addition of siblings. Further surveys are needed using home visitsthat will also enable to analyze of socioeconomic factors at the same time as nutritional status determinants in Agats and other districts in Asmat.

scholarly journals Epidemic Response and Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Khartoum State- Sudan 2020: Study Protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Khidir Mustafa Elnimeiri ◽  
Mohanad Kamaleldin Mahmoud Ibrahim ◽  
Shahenaz Seifaldeen Mustafa Satti
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Epidemic Response ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background: A novel Coronavirus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the syndrome of clinical manifestation was named (COVID-19). Consequently, on Jan 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak as a pandemic and a public health emergency of international concern. The objectives of this research are to investigate the response of the health system at different levels towards the control of the COVID-19 epidemic and to explore the COVID-19 transmission dynamics among Sudanese community. Methods: A community and institutional-based cross sectional based study will be conducted in Khartoum State include all the seven localities. The sample size of participant is estimated at 920 using the population formula (n=N/1+ (n*d2)) and considering the response rate. The sample will be drawn using multistage cluster sampling. Data will be collected using interview with key informant and concerned bodies/institutes involved in the response at both the federal and Khartoum State levels. Administered pre-coded, pretested closed ended questionnaire will be developed to collect data from community participants. Data will be managed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Analysis is mostly univariate descriptive and bi-variate with Chi Square & Fischer Exact tests analysis to find associations between variables of interest.Discussion: This study is expected to evaluate the extent and magnitude of the epidemic response at different levels in addition to the adequacy of the epidemic response. The study participants will be screened to estimate proportion of individuals per age strata who show sero-positivity for virus infection, thus it will estimate the percentages of individuals reporting symptoms/signs of infection and asymptomatic fraction. The results of this study will strengthen the current interventional approaches of COVID-19 epidemic control and will provide set of database for better planning and implementation of COVID-19 control across the country. It will contribute to in-depth understanding of the COVID-19 transmission dynamics among Sudanese community and will improve the community awareness about COVID-19.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19 among nurses, ward attendants, and housekeeping staff at a tertiary psychiatric institute in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5035
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhar Mahato ◽  
Sunilkumar Suryavanshi
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychiatric Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Participants

Background: The world health organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic on 11th March 2020. As this is a novel illness, thus knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) related to the pandemic is a new area of research. KAP in a non-COVID facility, such as a psychiatric institution is rare.Methods: Cross-sectional survey with purposive sampling, conducted at central institute of psychiatry, Ranchi, India. A sample of 235 healthcare workers consisting of nurses, wards attendants, and housekeeping staff took part in the study. Participants completed a 36-item questionnaire assessing their KAP related to COVID-19.Results: 79.42% of healthcare workers in this study had adequate knowledge of COVID-19 symptomatology, transmission, management, and preventive measures. 89.79% were confident that India would win the battle against COVID-19. 35.32% fear to work in a hospital, but on the other hand, 80.85% of healthcare staff considered coming to work as part of their duty. Good practices like wearing a mask before leaving home and practicing proper cough hygiene were observed. The significant difference found in KAP among the three groups. Spearman’s correlation was significant between age, level of education of the participants with the KAP.Conclusions: The study suggests increased attention is required towards the training of the healthcare workers to enhance their knowledge and attitude so that the practices can be improved.

scholarly journals Growth diagrams of Indonesian children The nationwide survey of 2005

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Batubara ◽  
Anna Alisjahbana ◽  
Angèle JGMGerver-Jansen ◽  
Bachti Alisjahbana ◽  
Tony Sadjimin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Reference Curves ◽  
Growth References ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Background Reference curves of growth have been developedin many countries based on cross-sectional data. The World HealthOrganization (WHO) has recommended an international referencewhich is based on the growth standards developed within the UnitedStates during the 1970s. In general these growth references areused in Indonesian pediatric clinics although it is known that thesereferences are not appropriate for this population with a differentethnic background. In order to evaluate reliably Indonesian chil-dren with growth disorders reference standards based on mea-surements in Indonesian children are necessary.Objective To make a standard growth chart for Indonesian chil-dren especially with regards to height, weight, and head circum-ference from a healthy Indonesian infants and children, age 0-18years. This standard charts were compared to CDC growth charts.Methods Weight and height and head circumference were takenfrom children with age ranging from birth up to 18 years. All sub-jects were recruited from 7 different parts of Indonesia. The agegrouping for children from 0-1 years old was based on 3-monthinterval, while for children older than 12 months was based on a 6-month interval. The study was cross sectional.Results There were 34 800 children (17 229 boys and 17 571girls) included in this study with age ranging from 0 up to 18 years.Graphs were presented for weight for age, supine length for age,head circumference for age in male and female infants, and weightfor height and height for age in boys and girls 1-18 years.Comparson of the results of this study with the CDC data werepresented as a graph.Conclusion The standard charts for Indonesian children basedon weight for height, supine length for height and head circumfer-ence for age were presented in graphs for children 0-1 year, weightfor height and height for age for boys and girls 1-18 years old. Allchildren were compared to CDC growth charts and there exists amean difference of -1.47 SDS for boys and -1.43 SDS forgirls.

scholarly journals Maternal feeding practice and its relationship with stunting in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prihatini Dini Novitasari ◽  
Dessie Wanda
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Height For Age

The incidence of stunting in children is a crucial problem that remains challenging to tackle and is caused by multiple factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal feeding practice and the incidence of stunting in children in Depok, Indonesia. The study design was a correlation analysis with a cross-sectional approach including applied height-for-age z-score tables from the World Health Organization (WHO) and a feeding practices and structure questionnaire (FPSQ- 28). The study involved 262 participants who were selected using a cluster random sampling technique in 11 district health centers in Depok. The results suggest that there was no significant relationship between maternal feeding practice and the incidence of stunting in children in Depok (P>0.05). In addition, feeding practice performed by mothers was rather non-responsive. The study results are expected to provide benefits for nurses and health professionals in order to improve health education and promotion programs related to stunting and responsive feeding practice.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of the Andean population of Puna and Quebrada of Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Romaguera ◽  
N Samman ◽  
N Farfán ◽  
M Lobo ◽  
A Pons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Population Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Andean Population ◽  
Height For Age

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the nutritional status of the Andean population of Puna and Quebrada of Humahuaca, Jujuy, using anthropometric measurements.Design and subjectsA cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in a representative sample (n = 1236) of individuals from these regions. Children aged 2–9 years, adolescents (10–17 years) and adults (≥18 years; pregnant and lactating women excluded) were considered. Height-for-age, weight-for-height and body mass index (BMI) were calculated in children and adolescents and compared with World Health Organization/National Center for Health Statistics/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference standards using Z-scores or percentiles, in order to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting/thinness and excess weight. In adults, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip (WHR) ratio were used to identify obesity and central adiposity.ResultsStunting (height-for-age Z-score <–2 standard deviations) and obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) were found to be major nutritional problems in children and adolescents. Stunting was prevalent in 10.7% of children and 12.4% of adolescents; 8.2% of children and 3.5% of adolescents were obese. Adults were short (mean: 155.8 cm) and values of overweight (32.3%), obesity (18.3%) and central adiposity (mean WC: 86.5 cm) were high. Older adults and those with higher economic development showed higher prevalence of obesity and central adiposity.ConclusionsThe present population may be at the early stages of nutritional transition as symptoms of undernutrition and overnutrition coexist at the population level. These results suggest that rates of growth retardation may be decreasing owing to improved nutritional conditions; however, this could be accompanied by a sharp increase in the prevalence of other diet-related chronic diseases.

scholarly journals First description of Nodding Syndrome in the Central African Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009430
Author(s):  
Salvatore Metanmo ◽  
Farid Boumédiène ◽  
Pierre-Marie Preux ◽  
Robert Colebunders ◽  
Joseph N. Siewe Fodjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nodding Syndrome ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First Time ◽  
Height For Age

Background The term Nodding Syndrome (NS) refers to an atypical and severe form of childhood epilepsy characterized by a repetitive head nodding (HN). The disease has been for a long time limited to East Africa, and the cause is still unknown. The objective of this study was to confirm the existence of NS cases in Central African Republic (CAR). Methodology/Principal findings This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in the general population. The identification of NS cases was conducted through a door-to-door survey in a village near Bangui along the Ubangui River. Based on Winkler’s 2008 and the World Health Organization (WHO)’s 2012 classifications, the confirmation of cases was done by a neurologist who also performed the electroencephalograms. No laboratory tests were done during this investigation. Treatment was offered to all patients. A total of 6,175 individuals was surveyed in 799 households. After reviewing the cases, we identified 5 NS cases in girls aged between 8 and 16. The age of onset of the seizures was between 5 and 12 years of age. Two cases were classified as "HN plus" according to Winkler’s 2008 classification. Four NS cases were classified as probable and one as confirmed according to the WHO’s 2012 classification. Three of them presented with developmental delay and cognitive decline, and one had an abnormally low height-for-age z-score. Electroencephalographic abnormalities were found in four patients. Conclusions/Significance Nodding Syndrome cases were described in CAR for the first time. Despite certain peculiarities, these cases are similar to those described elsewhere. Given that only a small part of the affected area was investigated, the study area along the Ubangui River needs to be expanded in order to investigate the association between Onchocerca volvulus and NS and also evaluate the real burden of NS in CAR.

scholarly journals Light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy for tuberculosis diagnosis: a meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva W. Chang ◽  
Anne-Laure Page ◽  
Maryline Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Meta Analyses

Light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy (LED-FM) is recommended by the World Health Organization to replace conventional Ziehl–Neelsen microscopy for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis. Uptake of LED-FM has been slow. One reason is its reported loss of specificity compared with Ziehl–Neelsen microscopy. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of LED-FM for tuberculosis detection and explore potential factors that might affect its performance.A comprehensive search strategy based on pre-specified criteria was employed to identify eligible studies between January 1, 2000 and April 1, 2014 in 11 databases. Standardised study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of LED-FM using culture as the reference standard were estimated through meta-analyses using a bivariate random-effects model. Investigation of heterogeneity was performed by subgroup analyses.We identified 12 unique studies, half of which were from peripheral healthcare facilities. LED-FM achieved a pooled sensitivity of 66.9% (95% CI 60.5–72.7%) and pooled specificity of 96.8% (95% CI 93.1–98.6%). A pooled sensitivity of 53.0% (95% CI 42.8–63.0%) and pooled specificity of 96.1% (95% CI 86.0–99.0%) were obtained by LED-FM among HIV-infected patients. Study methodology factors and differences in the LED-FM procedure or device could also affect the performance.LED-FM specificity is high and should not be a barrier to device introduction, particularly among peripheral healthcare settings where this technology is meant to be used. Sensitivity is reduced in HIV-infected patients.

APPLYING WHO ANTHRO SOFTWARE FOR ASSESSING NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INFANTS IN SOME PRECINTS IN HUE CITY

2012 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Van Dat Nguyen ◽  
Thi Cam Nhung Hoang ◽  
Thi Nhung Le ◽  
Duc Thuan Anh Hoang ◽  
Thi Ngoc Dieu Vo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Error ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Weight For Age

Background: Assessing nutritional status is a common activity of pediatricians and nutritionists. In Vietnam, the National Center for Health Statistics reference had been used from beginning of 1980s. In 2006 World Health Organization recommended to use WHO standards for assessing nutritional status of children. Objectives: 1. Using WHO Anthro software for assessing nutritional status of infants in some precints in Hue City. 2. Finding out the relationship between weight for age, length for age and weight for length. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2009 to April 2010. 387 infants who were living in Hue City were involved in the study. The weight, length, age of the infants was measured and others information were collected by interviewing their mothers. WHO anthro software was used to calculate weight for age, length for age and weight for length for assessing their nutritional status. Results: 1. WHO Anthro software helped to assess nutritional status of infants rapidly and conveniently with high accuracy prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were 2.84%, 5.68% and 3.61% respectively. 2. There were correlations between weight for age and length for age (r =-0.659, p<0.001); between weight for age and weight for length (r=0.612, p<0.001); between length for age and weight for length (r=0.142, p<0.05). Conclusions: 1. WHO Anthro software is very useful for assessing nutritional status of children. It is very simple, convenience and exact to use this software. It also helps to prevent a common error caused by collectors when counting age of the children. 2. WHO Anthro software displays exact Z-score value in number and in graph. Suggestion: WHO Anthro software is a useful tool for assessing nutritional status of children that should be used widely, especially for demographic and family planning health workers. Key words: WHO Anthro, nutritional status, infants, Hue City.

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