scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Potential Antibiotic-Producing Actinomycetes from Water and Soil Sediments of Different Regions of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bhanu Shrestha ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar Nath ◽  
Alina Maharjan ◽  
Anju Poudel ◽  
Roshani Nhuchhen Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Water And Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sediments

Introduction. The actinomycetes are diversely distributed microorganisms in nature. The geographical diversity of Nepal is suitable for adaptation of various species of actinomycetes. The distribution of the actinomycetes is dependent upon the altitude and nature of the soil and water. Methods. A total of 22 water and soil samples were collected from different regions of Nepal and were processed. Different isolates were characterized by observing colony characteristics and microscopic characteristics. Screening of the antimicrobial property was based upon perpendicular line streaking and submerged-state fermentation for antibiotic production. Results. From the identification tool used, 12 were found to be Micromonospora, 9 were Nocardia, and 7 were Streptomyces. Out of total samples, 8 isolates of actinomycetes were tested effective against the tested bacteria by primary screening using the well diffusion method. Among the primarily screened, all isolates were subjected to submerged-state fermentation methods to produce crude extracts and 4 were found to be effective against the tested bacterial group. The actinomycetes identified from a water source showed better antimicrobial property towards the tested bacteria than the soil sample. Most isolates were found to be Micromonospora followed by Nocardia and Streptomyces with higher antimicrobial activities. Conclusion. The water source and soil sediments of Nepal provide suitable environments for actinomycetes towards obtaining a novel antimicrobial agent. The study of actinomycetes from various unexploited areas of Nepal is necessary. Thus, exploitation of various regions of Nepal for the discovery of an effective antimicrobial agent is helpful in providing a solution to the cost-effective therapy and action against antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effect of essential oils of some Fijian medicinal plant leaves on pathogenic bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Prayna P. P. Maharaj ◽  
Riteshma Devi ◽  
Surendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Fiji is highly populated with plants containing essential oils (EO). The essential oils extracted from the leaves of the selected Fijian leafy plants were screened against two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis). The agar diffusion method was used to examine the antimicrobial activities of the extracted EO. All the EO tested showed antibacterial properties against one or more strains while none of the EO was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring tree), Annona muricata (Soursop), Coleus amboinicus (Spanish thyme) and Cinnamomum zeylancium (Cinnamon) showed good inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and proved as worthy source of antimicrobial agent. These findings will help the Pacific population to use the studied plants leaves as antimicrobial agent.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Atalantia monophylla (L) Correa and Atalantia racemosa Wight and Arn

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436
Author(s):  
Mahadevan Subramaniyan ◽  
Vijayakumar Subramaniyan ◽  
Arulmozhi Praveenkumar
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Background: Infectious diseases are major leading cause of death in all parts of the world, because of the appearance of new multi drug resistant microbes. Therefore, the discovery of potential drug for effective treatment will help the slaughter of the microbes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the presence of photochemical and antimicrobial activities of various crude extracts of leaves, fruits and root bark of Atalantia monophylla and Atalantia racemosa against human pathogens by using well diffusion method. Methods: Antimicrobial properties of the various extracts of Atalantia monophylla and Atalantia racemosa were studied against some human pathogenic microbes such as Gram-positive Bacteria, (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) Gram-negative Bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and human opportunistic fungal pathogens (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). All the extracts were comparable with standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Nystatin. and Amphotericin B). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal /fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) values were determined through a microdilution method. The phytochemical analysis of these plant extracts were carried out using standard mthods. Results: Methanolic leaf extract of A. monophylla has showed excellent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (40mm). As well, the A. racemosa methanolic leaf extract shows notable inhibitory activity against S. aureus (38mm). At the same time, the least inhibition was observed in aqueous extract of A. monophylla against E.coli (9mm). The MIC ranged from 0.78 µg/mL to 50 µg/mL and MBC/MFC 1.56 to 50 µg/mL were recorded. Phytochemical analysis of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, phenolics and cardiae glycoside were recorded in various extracts of A. monophylla and A. racemosa respectively. Flavonoids, phenolics and cardiac glycoside were present only in methonalic leaf extract of A. monophylla. Conclusion: The result of this study concluded that methanolic leaf extract has possessed novel compounds with significant antimicrobial properties. Hence, we recommend this plant for further studies on the isolation and characterization of that lead antimicrobial potential molecule.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Potential Antibacterial, Produced by Streptomyces Cinereoruber Sp. Isolated from Chlika lake

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Streptomyces Isolate ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Streptomyces, isolated from marine and estuarine habitat have been widely recognized as a potential source of antifungal, anti-tumour, anti-bacterial compounds. In the present study, the antimicrobial agent production potential of a Streptomyces cinereoruber sp was evaluated. The selective isolation of the strain was carried out on starch casein agar. The primary screening of the Streptomyces isolate was done by cross streak method against pathogenic test strains Escherichia.coli MTCC 82, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus cereus IP406 and Salmonella typhi MTCC 734 and Micrococcus leuteus and the antimicrobial property against Micrococcus leuteus was confirmed. The secondary screening was carried out by using the culture supernatant against the test strain by agar well diffusion method. The growth and antimicrobial production ability of the strain against Micrococcus leuteus was studied. The antimicrobial agent production was also observed till pH 11 and NaCl concentration 3% (w/v). The partially purified compound showed a peak similar to streptomycin in HPLC. The culture condition for the production of the compound was optimised.

scholarly journals Protolichesterinic Acid: A Prominent Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Compound from the Lichen Usnea albopunctata

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishanth Kumar Sasidharan ◽  
Sreerag Ravikumar Sreekala ◽  
Rajesh Lakshmanan ◽  
Jubi Jacob ◽  
Dileep Kumar Bhaskaran Nair Saraswathy Amma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial compounds present in the lichen Usnea albopunctata. Ethyl acetate extract was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain a major compound and the chemical structure was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, UV, and HR-MS spectroscopic methods as protolichesterinic acid. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method and agar disc diffusion method against thirteen human pathogenic bacterial and four fungal strains. Protolichesterinic acid recorded significant broad spectrum antimicrobial property. The best antibacterial activity was recorded against K. pneumonia (0.25 μg/mL) and V. cholerae (0.5 μg/mL). Significant antifungal activity was recorded against T. rubrum (0.12 μg/mL), which is significantly better than the standard antifungal agent. Protolichesterinic acid is reported for the first time from Usnea albopunctata. Antifungal activity of protolichesterinic acid against medically important fungi is also reported for the first time. Thus the results of the present study suggest that protolichesterinic acid has significant antimicrobial activities and has the strong potential to be developed as an antimicrobial drug after further clinical evaluation.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITES OF COW DUNG EXTRACTS AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
S. Rajeswari ◽  
E. Poongothai ◽  
N. Hemalatha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Drug Resistance ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Buffalo Dung

Objective: For control of microbial infections and diseases, various synthetic drugs and chemical formulations are currently in use. But due to the problem of microbial drug resistance, new alternative synthetic drugs have been explored. Similarly, antimicrobial activities of so many natural products have also been explored.Methods: In this various study extracts of cow dung possessed antimicrobial property against human pathogens like Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli.Results: The Indian cow dung extracted possessed superior antimicrobial activity than other cow dung types and showed antimicrobial property against all the test microorganisms. Since cow dung and buffalo dung are abundant in nature, which make the process cost effective with processing ease and thus are a promising solution for a variety of health problems in the near future.Conclusion: The medicinal properties of these cow dung and buffalo dung can be exploited to formulate drugs for several diseases caused by antibiotic resistant pathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Anti-Microbial Activity and Spectro-Chemical Investigation of Ink Extracts of Sepiella inermis (Van Hasselt 1835)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-275
Author(s):  
Dasal VASANTHARAJA ◽  
Vaithilingam RAVITCHANDIRANE ◽  
Veerappan ANANDAN
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Human Pathogenic Fungus

The crude petroleum ether and methanol ink extracts of Sepiella inermis were tested for their antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic fungi and bacteria by disc diffusion method. Spectral analysis was carried out by UV-VIS spectrophotometer, FT-IR, Raman IR and GC-MS. Of the two solvent extracts, only methanol extract was active and no activity was detected in petroleum ether extract. The human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans and bacterium Proteus vulgaris were found to be highly sensitive, with an inhibition zone of 20 and 19 mm respectively. GC-MS of methanol ink extract revealed sixteen compounds belonging to the derivatives of dihydroxy indole-2-carboxylic acid and dihydroxyindole. These investigations proved that methanol ink extract of Sepiella inermis possess significant antimicrobial property against both fungus and gram –ve bacteria. Since ink of sepia is available abundantly as a waste material, studies focused on isolation and characterization of bioactive substances pave the way for new antimicrobial compounds.

Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation and Docking Study of Novel Thiosemicarbazone clubbed with 1,2,3-Triazoles

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adinath D. Badar ◽  
Shubham M. Sulakhe ◽  
Mahesh B. Muluk ◽  
Naziya N. M. A. Rehman ◽  
Prashant P. Dixit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Background: Thiosemicarbazone, 1,2,3-triazole and their derivatives received great pharmaceutical importance due to their prominent biological activities. In the present study, the molecular hybrid thiosemicarbazone-1,2,3-triazoles derivatives were synthesized and screened for their antimicrobial activities. Methods: A series of thiosemicarbazone clubbed with 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized via click chemistry approach in good yields. The structures of synthesized compounds were assigned by their spectral data. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by the agar well diffusion method. A molecular docking study was performed to identify the possible mode of action of synthesized derivatives. Results: The compounds 5d, 5h, 5i and 5k have exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities against both antibacterial and antifungal pathogens. The active thiosemicarbazone-1,2,3-triazole derivatives have shown excellent binding affinity towards DNA gyrase. Conclusion: The molecular hybrid thiosemicarbazone-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Few of the thiosemicarbazone-1,2,3-triazoles derivatives have exhibited good antimicrobial activities. They have been shown excellent binding affinity towards DNA gyrase.

scholarly journals Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Graça Miguel ◽  
Cláudia Cruz ◽  
Leonor Faleiro ◽  
Mariana T. F. Simões ◽  
Ana Cristina Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Main Components

The essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare commercial aerial parts and fruits were isolated by hydrodistillation, with different distillation times (30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h), and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antioxidant ability was estimated using four distinct methods. Antibacterial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method. Remarkable differences, and worrying from the quality and safety point of view, were detected in the essential oils. trans-Anethole (31-36%), α-pinene (14-20%) and limonene (11-13%) were the main components of the essentials oil isolated from F. vulgare dried aerial parts, whereas methyl chavicol (= estragole) (79-88%) was dominant in the fruit oils. With the DPPH method the plant oils showed better antioxidant activity than the fruits oils. With the TBARS method and at higher concentrations, fennel essential oils showed a pro-oxidant activity. None of the oils showed a hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity >50%, but they showed an ability to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase. The essential oils showed a very low antimicrobial activity. In general, the essential oils isolated during 2 h were as effective, from the biological activity point of view, as those isolated during 3 h.

scholarly journals Molecular identification and antimicrobial activities of some wild Egyptian mushrooms: Bjerkandera adusta as a promising source of bioactive antimicrobial phenolic compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham R. S. Soliman ◽  
Heba El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bjerkandera Adusta ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Agrocybe Aegerita ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract Background The discovery of potential, new cost-effective drug resources in the form of bioactive compounds from mushrooms is one way to control the resistant pathogens. In the present research, the fruiting bodies of five wild mushrooms were collected from Egypt and identified using internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the rRNA encoding gene and their phylogenetic relationships, antimicrobial activities, and biochemical and phenolic compounds were evaluated. Results The sequences revealed identity to Bjerkandera adusta, Cyclocybe cylindracea, Agrocybe aegerita, Chlorophyllum molybdites, and Lentinus squarrosulus in which Cyclocybe cylindracea and Agrocybe aegerita were closely related, while Chlorophyllum molybdites was far distant. Cyclocybe cylindracea and Agrocybe aegerita showed 100% similarity based on the sequenced ITS-rDNA fragment and dissimilar antimicrobial activities and chemical composition were detected. Bjerkandera adusta and Cyclocybe cylindracea showed strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. This activity could be attributed to the detected phenolic and related compounds’ contents. Conclusion Our finding provides a quick and robust implement for mushroom identification that would facilitate mushroom domestication and characterization for human benefit.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Bark Extract of Syzygium cumini

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Prasad ◽  
Vyshnava Satyanarayana Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Major Attention

The unique property of the silver nanoparticles having the antimicrobial activity drags the major attention towards the present nanotechnology. The environmentally nontoxic, ecofriendly, and cost-effective method that has been developed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts creates the major research interest in the field of nanobiotechnology. The synthesized silver nanoparticles have been characterized by the UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was evaluated by well diffusion method, and it was found that the biogenic silver nanoparticles have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Azotobacter chroococcum WR 9, and Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 9555).

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