scholarly journals Development of the 8-Item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ-8) Using Rasch Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Young-Jae Park
Keyword(s):  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Dysfunctional Breathing

The 25-item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ) has been widely used to examine the relationship between the phlegm pattern (PP), quality of life, tongue colour, vocal qualities, and dysfunctional breathing. However, the concerns of response burden and differences in the respondent’s abilities or item difficulty for the original version of the PPQ have not been sufficiently addressed. This study aimed to develop a short-form PPQ using Rasch analysis, an item response theory. Based on the retrospective data, the response order, differential item functioning (DIF), dimensionality, reliability, concurrent validity, and fitting errors were examined for 291 normal participants and 61 inpatients. The discriminative ability of the short-form PPQ was examined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Along with Rasch analysis, another short-form PPQ was developed using equidiscriminative item-total correlation (EITC) analysis and the results between the two short-form PPQs were compared accordingly. Rasch analysis results suggested a 6-point response category for the PPQ, and finally, 8 items without fitting errors or DIF variability were selected for the PPQ (PPQ-8). The PPQ-8 had satisfactory reliability (person separation index = 2.23), unidimensionality (unexplained variance in the first contrast = 1.598), fitting levels (infit mean square, 0.80–1.39; outfit mean square, 0.79–1.34), sensitivity (70.5%), and specificity (76.5%). The PPQ-8 had a moderate discriminative ability of the PP (area under the curve = 0.759), and the cut-off point was 23. Although the 8-item PPQ developed using EITC analysis showed similar levels of reliability, validity, and discriminative ability of the PP to the PPQ-8, it could not present the information of item hierarchy and differences in the respondents’ abilities. In conclusion, the PPQ-8 by Rasch analysis is recommended for future use to evaluate the clinical severity of PP.

Criterion validity and discriminatory ability of the central sensitization inventory short form in individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Falling ◽  
Simon Stebbings ◽  
G. David Baxter ◽  
Richard B. Gearry ◽  
Ramakrishnan Mani
Keyword(s):  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Central Sensitization Inventory

Abstract Objectives Increased symptoms related to central sensitization have previously been reported in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, identified by the original central sensitization inventory (CSI-25). However, the recently developed CSI short form (CSI-9) may be more clinically useful. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of CSI-9 compared to the original CSI-25 in individuals with IBD. Study objectives were to investigate the criterion validity of the CSI-9 to the CSI-25, assess individual association of the CSI measures with clinical features of IBD and pain presentations, and to establish disease-specific CSI-9 and CSI-25 cut-off scores for discriminating the presence of self-reported pain in individuals with IBD. Methods Cross-sectional online survey was performed on adults with IBD exploring self-reported demographics, comorbidity, and clinical IBD and pain features. Criterion validity of the CSI-9 was investigated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)3,1. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) analysis was conducted to investigate the discriminative ability of both versions of CSI. Results Of the 320 participants, 260 reported the presence of abdominal and/or musculoskeletal pain. CSI-9 and CSI-25 demonstrated substantial agreement (ICC3,1=0.64, 95% CI [0.58, 0.69]). AUC (95% CI) indicated that CSI-9 (0.788 (0.725, 0.851), p<0.001) and CSI-25 (0.808 (0.750, 0.867), p<0.001) were able to adequately discriminate the presence of pain using cut-offs scores of ≥17 (CSI-9) and ≥40 (CSI-25). Abdominal pain severity was the only feature to differ in significant association to CSI-25 (p=0.002) compared to CSI-9 (p=0.236). All other features demonstrated significant associations to both CSI versions, except age (p=0.291 and 0.643) and IBD subtype (p=0.115 and 0.675). Conclusions This is the first study to explore and validate the use of CSI-9 in IBD patients. Results demonstrated concurrent validity of the CSI-9 to CSI-25, with similar significant association to multiple patient features, and a suggested cut-off value of 17 on CSI-9 to screen for individuals with pain experiences. Study findings suggest that CSI-9 is suitable to use as a brief tool in IBD patients.

scholarly journals The Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ): Cross-Sectional Validation in a Group of Young People Seeking Orthodontic Treatment in New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Benson ◽  
Fiona Gilchrist ◽  
Mauro Farella
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
National Centre ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Two Populations

The aim of the study was to test the validity of the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) in a NZ sample and to evaluate possible cross-cultural differences in MIQ data between a NZ and a UK sample. A cross-sectional, non-random sample of young people, aged 10–16 years, attending their first appointment at the orthodontic clinic of New Zealand’s National Centre for Dentistry were asked to complete a questionnaire. This consisted of the 17 item MIQ, the short form CPQ11-14-ISF16 and two global questions. Some basic demographic and clinical data were collected. Sixty-six participants completed the questionnaire; however, the data for 2 were excluded due to the number of incomplete responses. MIQ was found to have excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.924), good construct validity (Spearman’s rho, 0.661 global Q1 ‘Overall, how much do your teeth bother you?’; 0.583 global Q2 ‘Overall, how much do your teeth affect your life?’). MIQ also demonstrated good criterion validity with CPQ11-14-ISF16 (Pearson rho, 0.625). The Rasch analysis confirmed that the questionnaire performed similarly and there was no differential item functioning between the two populations. The main differences between the samples were that the young people in NZ were less concerned about their malocclusion and reported lower item-impact scores compared with the young people in the UK.

scholarly journals AN INTRODUCTION TO THE RASCH MEASUREMENT MODEL: A CASE OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION STUDENTS COMPREHENSIVE TEST

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Elizar Elizar ◽  
Cut Khairunnisak
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Mathematical Understanding ◽  
Mathematics Assessment ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Comprehensive Test

Mathematics assessments should be designed for all students, regardless of their background or gender. Rasch analysis, developed based on Item Response Theory (IRT), is one of the primary tools to analyse the inclusiveness of mathematics assessment. However, the mathematics test development has been dominated by Classical Test Theory (CTT). This study is a preliminary study to evaluate the mathematics comprehensive test. This study aims to demonstrate the use of Rasch analysis by assessing the appropriateness of the mathematics comprehensive test to measure students' mathematical understanding. Data were collected from one cycle of mathematics comprehensive test involving 48 undergraduate students of mathematics education department. Rasch analysis was conducted using ACER Conquest 4 software to assess the item difficulty and differential item functioning (DIF). The findings show that the item related to geometry is the easiest question for students, while item concerning calculus as the hardest question. The test is viable to measure students’ mathematical understanding as it shows no evidence of Differential Item Functioning (DIF). Gender has been drawn for each of the test items. The assessment showed that the test was inclusive. More application of Rasch analysis should be conducted to create a thorough and robust mathematics assessment.

scholarly journals Radiomics Study for Discriminating Second Primary Lung Cancers From Pulmonary Metastases in Pulmonary Solid Lesions

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyang Zhong ◽  
Zhenxing Liu ◽  
Wenting An ◽  
Binchen Wang ◽  
Hanfei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Pulmonary Metastases ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Lung Cancers

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to assess the value of quantitative radiomics features in discriminating second primary lung cancers (SPLCs) from pulmonary metastases (PMs).MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 252 malignant pulmonary nodules with histopathologically confirmed SPLCs or PMs and randomly assigned them to a training or validation cohort. Clinical data were collected from the electronic medical records system. The imaging and radiomics features of each nodule were extracted from CT images.ResultsA rad-score was generated from the training cohort using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. A clinical and radiographic model was constructed using the clinical and imaging features selected by univariate and multivariate regression. A nomogram composed of clinical-radiographic factors and a rad-score were developed to validate the discriminative ability. The rad-scores differed significantly between the SPLC and PM groups. Sixteen radiomics features and four clinical-radiographic features were selected to build the final model to differentiate between SPLCs and PMs. The comprehensive clinical radiographic–radiomics model demonstrated good discriminative capacity with an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.9421 and 0.9041 in the respective training and validation cohorts. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that the comprehensive model showed a higher clinical value than the model without the rad-score.ConclusionThe proposed model based on clinical data, imaging features, and radiomics features could accurately discriminate SPLCs from PMs. The model thus has the potential to support clinicians in improving decision-making in a noninvasive manner.

scholarly journals Rasch Analysis of the Korean Parenting Stress Index Short Form (K-PSI-SF) in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7010
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Park ◽  
Soojung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Parenting Stress Index ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the Korean Parenting Stress Index Short Form (K-PSI-SF) for mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) by using a Rasch analysis. The participants were 114 mothers of children with CP whose ages ranged from 2.79 to 11.90 years. The K-PSI-SF consists of 36 items, with a 5-point Likert scale grading along three subscales (Parent Distress, Parent–Child Dysfunctional Interaction, and Difficult Child). The response data were analyzed, and we determined the item fitness and item difficulty, rating scale fit, and separation index. The results show that two items did not have the required fitness. After these two items were deleted, the means of the 34 items in two of the subscales were statistically different from those of the original 36 items. Our analysis of the item difficulty identified the need to add easier question items. The 5-point Likert scale used in the questionnaire was found to be appropriate. This significance of this study is that it suggested the need to modify item fitness and difficulty level, as it identified the psychometric characteristics of the K-PSI-SF through a Rasch analysis based on the item response theory.

The Role of C-reactive Protein in the Prediction of the Clinical Severity of Acute Diverticulitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristotelis Kechagias ◽  
Tero Rautio ◽  
Georgios Kechagias ◽  
Jyrki Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diverticulitis ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hinchey Classification ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

The aim of this study is to investigate the value of C-reactive protein (CRP) and of other laboratory parameters obtained during the initial evaluation of the patient in the prediction of the clinical severity of acute diverticulitis. The records of patients treated for acute diverticulitis at the Oulu University Hospital from December 2006 to December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Mild disease was defined when conservative treatment was successful. Severe acute diverticulitis was considered when percutaneous drainage of an abscess and/or surgery was necessary. From the 182 patients considered for analysis, 158 (87%) had mild disease, whereas 24 (13%) had severe. CRP ( P = 0.034) and the Hinchey classification ( P = 0.006) were shown to be independent risk factors for severe acute diverticulitis in the logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a CRP cutoff value of 170 mg/L significantly discriminated severe from mild diverticulitis (87.5% sensitivity, 91.1% specificity, area under the curve 0.942, P < 0.00001). CRP is a useful tool in the prediction of the clinical severity of acute diverticulitis. A mild episode is very likely in patients with CRP less than 170 mg/L. Those with higher CRP values have a greater probability to undergo surgical treatment or at least a percutaneous intervention.

scholarly journals Analysis of 29 Items of the Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment-Meaningful Scale Through Rasch Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 542-542
Author(s):  
Sanghun Nam ◽  
Suyeong Bae ◽  
Ickpyo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Meaningful Activity ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Well Elderly

Abstract Individuals find meaning in their personal activities. Meaningful activities can improve an individual's emotional and physical health and quality of life. The Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment-Meaningful Scale (MAPA-M), which can measure these meaningful activities, is measured in 29 items. In this study, the psychometric properties of 29 items of MAPA-M were investigated through Rasch analysis. The data used in this study was the Well Elderly Study 2 data among public data provided by the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). We used 480 randomized samples from the Well Elderly Study 2 data. Before proceeding with the Rasch analysis, as a result of checking the unidimensionality assumption of 29 items, 19 items satisfied the unidimensionality assumption. As a result of Rasch analysis of 19 items, the Driving item was removed as misfit (infit mean-square = 2.04, infit z-standardized fit statistics = 9.90, outfit mean-square = 1.86, outfit z-standardized fit statistics = 8.99). The 18 items with the misfit items removed show a conceptual item-difficulty hierarchy, and there was no differential item functioning that worked for sex and age groups. The person strata value is 3.97, which corresponds to the confidence value of 0.88. These results indicate that the 18 items in MAPA-M show appropriate item-level psychometric properties. In other words, the modified MAPA-M 18 indicates that meaningful activities can be accurately and stably measured.

Bleeding Classification in Clinical Trials: Observer Variability and Clinical Relevance

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (04) ◽  
pp. 1189-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne P Graafsma ◽  
Martin H Prins ◽  
Anthonie W A Lensing ◽  
Rob J de Haan ◽  
Menno V Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
Recent Trial ◽  
Bleeding Episodes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adjudication Committee

SummaryTo evaluate the bleeding classification in a recent trial on venous thrombosis treatment, a selection of reported bleeding episodes was adjudicated twice by an independent committee and graded by the treating physician and independent clinical experts on the clinical severity and impact on the patient’s life.The kappa values for the dichotomy major bleeding versus minor or no bleeding were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.57-1.0) for the agreement between the two members of the adjudication committee and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.52-1.0) for the agreement between both adjudication sessions. The kappa values for the dichotomy major or minor bleeding versus no bleeding were 0.42 and 0.44. The weighted kappa values for the agreement between the treating physician and the independent experts were 0.76 for the Clinical severity and 0.79 for the impact on the patient’s life (95% CI, 0.63-0.88 and 0.70-0.89). The association between the adjudication result expressed as major bleeding or minor or no bleeding and the Clinical grading by the treating physician resulted in an ROC curve with an area under the curve of 0.98 for the Clinical severity and 0.99 for the impact on the patient’s life. The dichotomy major or minor bleeding versus no bleeding resulted in areas under the curve of 0.70 and 0.66.In conCIusion, the applied criteria for major bleeding are reproducible and Clinically relevant. The criteria for minor bleeding are not reproducible and are less associated with the observed Clinical relevance.

Discriminating Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules: The Nomogram Versus the Kwak and ACR TI-RADS

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 1156-1165
Author(s):  
Juan Xiao ◽  
Qiang Xiao ◽  
Wei Cong ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Shouluan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective To develop an easy-to-use nomogram for discrimination of malignant thyroid nodules and to compare diagnostic efficiency with the Kwak and American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS). Study Design Retrospective diagnostic study. Setting The Second Hospital of Shandong University. Subjects and Methods From March 2017 to April 2019, 792 patients with 1940 thyroid nodules were included into the training set; from May 2019 to December 2019, 174 patients with 389 nodules were included into the validation set. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to develop a nomogram for discriminating malignant nodules. To compare the diagnostic performance of the nomogram with the Kwak and ACR TI-RADS, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results The nomogram consisted of 7 factors: composition, orientation, echogenicity, border, margin, extrathyroidal extension, and calcification. In the training set, for all nodules, the area under the curve (AUC) for the nomogram was 0.844, which was higher than the Kwak TI-RADS (0.826, P = .008) and the ACR TI-RADS (0.810, P < .001). For the 822 nodules >1 cm, the AUC of the nomogram was 0.891, which was higher than the Kwak TI-RADS (0.852, P < .001) and the ACR TI-RADS (0.853, P < .001). In the validation set, the AUC of the nomogram was also higher than the Kwak and ACR TI-RADS ( P < .05), each in the whole series and separately for nodules >1 or ≤1 cm. Conclusions When compared with the Kwak and ACR TI-RADS, the nomogram had a better performance in discriminating malignant thyroid nodules.

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