The Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ): Cross-Sectional Validation in a Group of Young People Seeking Orthodontic Treatment in New Zealand

The aim of the study was to test the validity of the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) in a NZ sample and to evaluate possible cross-cultural differences in MIQ data between a NZ and a UK sample. A cross-sectional, non-random sample of young people, aged 10–16 years, attending their first appointment at the orthodontic clinic of New Zealand’s National Centre for Dentistry were asked to complete a questionnaire. This consisted of the 17 item MIQ, the short form CPQ11-14-ISF16 and two global questions. Some basic demographic and clinical data were collected. Sixty-six participants completed the questionnaire; however, the data for 2 were excluded due to the number of incomplete responses. MIQ was found to have excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.924), good construct validity (Spearman’s rho, 0.661 global Q1 ‘Overall, how much do your teeth bother you?’; 0.583 global Q2 ‘Overall, how much do your teeth affect your life?’). MIQ also demonstrated good criterion validity with CPQ11-14-ISF16 (Pearson rho, 0.625). The Rasch analysis confirmed that the questionnaire performed similarly and there was no differential item functioning between the two populations. The main differences between the samples were that the young people in NZ were less concerned about their malocclusion and reported lower item-impact scores compared with the young people in the UK.

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Survey of young people in one region of the UK on accessing COVID-19 information (SOCIAL)

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e000942

Author(s):

Oliver G P Lawton ◽

Sarah A Lawton ◽

Lisa Dikomitis ◽

Joanne Protheroe ◽

Joanne Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Young People ◽

Significant Role ◽

Online Survey ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Education Gaps ◽

The Uk

COVID-19 has significantly impacted young people’s lives yet little is known about the COVID-19 related sources of information they access. We performed a cross-sectional survey of pupils (11–16 years) in North Staffordshire, UK. 408 (23%) pupils responded to an online survey emailed to them by their school. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. Social media, accessed by 68%, played a significant role in the provision of information, despite it not being considered trustworthy. 89% felt that COVID-19 had negatively affected their education. Gaps in the provision of information on COVID-19 have been identified.

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Development of the 8-Item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ-8) Using Rasch Analysis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6528891 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Young-Jae Park

Keyword(s):

Rasch Analysis ◽

Item Difficulty ◽

Short Form ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Mean Square ◽

Discriminative Ability ◽

Item Functioning ◽

Dysfunctional Breathing

The 25-item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ) has been widely used to examine the relationship between the phlegm pattern (PP), quality of life, tongue colour, vocal qualities, and dysfunctional breathing. However, the concerns of response burden and differences in the respondent’s abilities or item difficulty for the original version of the PPQ have not been sufficiently addressed. This study aimed to develop a short-form PPQ using Rasch analysis, an item response theory. Based on the retrospective data, the response order, differential item functioning (DIF), dimensionality, reliability, concurrent validity, and fitting errors were examined for 291 normal participants and 61 inpatients. The discriminative ability of the short-form PPQ was examined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Along with Rasch analysis, another short-form PPQ was developed using equidiscriminative item-total correlation (EITC) analysis and the results between the two short-form PPQs were compared accordingly. Rasch analysis results suggested a 6-point response category for the PPQ, and finally, 8 items without fitting errors or DIF variability were selected for the PPQ (PPQ-8). The PPQ-8 had satisfactory reliability (person separation index = 2.23), unidimensionality (unexplained variance in the first contrast = 1.598), fitting levels (infit mean square, 0.80–1.39; outfit mean square, 0.79–1.34), sensitivity (70.5%), and specificity (76.5%). The PPQ-8 had a moderate discriminative ability of the PP (area under the curve = 0.759), and the cut-off point was 23. Although the 8-item PPQ developed using EITC analysis showed similar levels of reliability, validity, and discriminative ability of the PP to the PPQ-8, it could not present the information of item hierarchy and differences in the respondents’ abilities. In conclusion, the PPQ-8 by Rasch analysis is recommended for future use to evaluate the clinical severity of PP.

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Area deprivation, screen time and consumption of food and drink high in fat salt and sugar (HFSS) in young people: results from a cross-sectional study in the UK

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027333 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. e027333 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fiona Thomas ◽

Christopher Thomas ◽

Lucie Hooper ◽

Gillian Rosenberg ◽

Jyotsna Vohra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Screen Time ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Area Deprivation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Time Exposure ◽

Sugary Drinks ◽

The Uk

ObjectivesTo investigate associations between deprivation in young people and consumption of foods high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS), screen time exposure and health knowledge.DesignAn online cross-sectional survey with people aged 11–19 years in the UK, where participants reported consumption behaviours across 13 HFSS and two non-HFSS groups; screen time for commercial television and streaming services; and knowledge of health conditions and their links to obesity.SettingUKParticipantsA total of 3348 young people aged 11–19 years across the UK.Main outcome measuresThe study assessed the consumption behaviours, commercial screen time exposure and the health knowledge of 3348 people aged 11–19 years. Multivariate binary regression analysis, controlling for age and gender, was performed.ResultsDeprivation level was associated with increases in consumption of six of the HFSS products including energy drinks (OR: 2.943, p<0.001) and sugary drinks (OR: 1.938, p<0.001) and a reduction in consumption in the two non-HFSS products included in the study, fruit (OR: 0.668, p=0.004) and vegetables (OR: 0.306, p<0.001). Deprivation was associated with high weekly screen time of both television (OR: 2.477, p<0.001) and streaming (OR: 1.679, p=0.001). Health knowledge was also associated with deprivation. There was lower awareness of the association of obesity and cancer (OR: 0.697, p=0.003), type 2 diabetes (OR: 0.64, p=0.004) and heart disease (OR: 0.519, p<0.001) in the most deprived.ConclusionsYoung people from the more deprived areas of the UK were more likely to consume a range of HFSS products, report increased exposure to HFSS advertising and have a poorer awareness of health conditions associated with overweight and obesity. The findings suggest that population-level measures addressing childhood obesity should account for consumption patterns among different groups of children and young people and the factors that may influence these.

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Examination of psychometric properties of PROMIS®: Pediatric upper limb measures in youth with cerebral palsy

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/0308022618757961 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 81 (7) ◽

pp. 393-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mary Jane Mulcahey ◽

Mary D Slavin ◽

Ni Pengsheng ◽

Anna Kratz ◽

Pamela A Kisala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Young People ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Short Form ◽

Limb Function ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adaptive Tests ◽

Upper Limb Function ◽

Ceiling Effects ◽

Computer Adaptive Tests

Introduction This study examines the validity and distribution characteristics of the PROMIS® pediatric upper limb measures in a sample of young people with cerebral palsy. Method Data are a cross-sectional subset of a larger prospective study of the responsiveness to change of PROMIS® pediatric measures following surgery to improve functioning in young people with cerebral palsy. Ninety-three participants between the ages of eight and 21 years completed the PROMIS® pediatric mobility and upper limb computer adaptive tests and short forms in conjunction with a set of static “legacy” measures of physical functioning, including a parent-report of upper limb function. Results The PROMIS® Pediatric upper limb short form demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85). PROMIS® pediatric upper limb computer adaptive tests and short form mean values (42.1(11) and 43(10.4), respectively) were nearly 1 SD below normal, which is appropriate when a generic measure is used in a sample of young persons with cerebral palsy. The PROMIS® pediatric upper limb computer adaptive tests had a higher frequency of ceiling effects (29.50%) compared to the short form (18.30%). Conclusion Results of this study suggest that the PROMIS® pediatric upper limb computer adaptive tests and the short form are valid indicators of upper limb function in young people with cerebral palsy. The item bank can be replenished to address ceiling effects.

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Whole-grain intake of British young people aged 4–18 years

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20051557 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 825-831 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

C. W. Thane ◽

A. R. Jones ◽

A. M. Stephen ◽

C. J. Seal ◽

S. A. Jebb

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Good Health ◽

Food Sources ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head Of Household ◽

Dietary Records ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Uk

Inverse associations between whole-grain food consumption and risk of CVD, some cancers and type 2 diabetes have been reported. However, there are few reports of whole-grain intake, particularly among young people. The objective of the present study was to estimate whole-grain intake in a nationally representative sample of young people aged 4–18 years living in Great Britain. Whole-grain intake was estimated using 7d weighed dietary records from 1583 young people who participated in the cross-sectional National Diet and Nutrition Survey in 1997. Whole-grain intake was quantified from the consumption of all foods containing ≥10% whole-grain content. Median whole-grain intake was 7g/d (interquartile range 0–19g/d), with a corresponding mean of 13 (sd18) g/d. Intake was significantly lower among young people whose head of household had a manual occupation, but did not differ significantly by sex, age, region or season. There was no whole-grain intake for 27% of participants. The percentages for less than one and less than three 16g amounts of whole-grain intake per d were 70 and 94, respectively, while corresponding percentages based on 20g amounts were 76 and 97. Foods with <51% whole-grain content provided 28% of whole-grain intake overall, with a higher percentage in older adolescents. The main sources of whole-grain intake were breakfast cereals (56%) and bread (25%). The present study provides the first quantification of absolute whole-grain intake from all significant food sources in any representative age group in the UK. Although there is some debate regarding the quantity of whole grains required for good health, whole-grain intake among British young people is low.

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Paediatric neuro-oncology rehabilitation in the UK: carer and provider perspectives

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000567 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. e000567

Author(s):

Bethan Treadgold ◽

Colin Kennedy ◽

Helen Spoudeas ◽

Elaine Sugden ◽

David Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Young People ◽

Brain Tumour ◽

Rehabilitation Service ◽

Rehabilitation Services ◽

Multidisciplinary Teams ◽

Nurse Specialist ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Provider Perspectives ◽

The Uk

ObjectiveThe provision of rehabilitation services after childhood brain tumour has not been established, despite a recent parliamentary call for urgent action. This service evaluation aimed to determine what specialist paediatric neuro-oncology rehabilitation services were available across the UK at the time of the surveys and whether the needs of patients and their families were being met.DesignCross-sectional on-line surveys.ParticipantsSurvey 1: neuro-oncologist and nurse specialist members of the Children’s Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG) at Children’s Principle Treatment Centres (PTCs) in the UK; Survey 2: parents of paediatric neuro-oncology patients belonging to The Brain Tumour Charity (TBTC) Research Involvement Network (RIN).Results17 of the 20 (85%) PTCs in the UK and two teenagers and young adult cancer units responded to Survey 1, and 17 members of TBTC’s RIN responded to Survey 2. Access to inpatient and outpatient neuro-oncology rehabilitation services after treatment for a central nervous system (CNS) tumour varied across regions in the UK. Service users in the RIN identified a need for an established neuro-oncology rehabilitation service for young people, a need for better communication across services and with families, and a need to fill gaps in multidisciplinary teams.ConclusionThe urgent need for specialist paediatric, teenage and young adult neuro-oncology rehabilitation services in the UK is often unmet, particularly for outpatients. Where services are not provided for those children and young people disadvantaged by the diagnosis of a CNS tumour, in clear breach of current guidelines, remedial action needs to be taken to ensure appropriate and equal access.

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Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) as a measure of physical activity (PA) in young people with cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional study

Physiotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.physio.2019.08.013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 209-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Grace Lavelle ◽

Marika Noorkoiv ◽

Nicola Theis ◽

Thomas Korff ◽

Cherry Kilbride ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Young People ◽

International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Short Form ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Activity Questionnaire

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Evaluating the Longitudinal Item and Category Stability of the SF-36 Full and Summary Scales Using Rasch Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/1013453 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Reinie Cordier ◽

Ted Brown ◽

Lindy Clemson ◽

Julie Byles

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Rasch Analysis ◽

Short Form ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Measurement Model ◽

Test Theory ◽

Future Research ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sf 36

Introduction. The Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) is widely used for measuring Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and has undergone rigorous psychometric evaluation using Classic Test Theory (CTT). However, Item Response Theory-based evaluation of the SF-36 has been limited with an overwhelming focus on individual scales and cross-sectional data. Purpose. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal item and category stability of the SF-36 using Rasch analysis. Method. Using data from the 1921-1926 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health, responses of the SF-36 from six waves of data collection were analysed. Rasch analysis using Winsteps version 3.92.0 was performed on all 36 items of the SF-36 and items that constitute the physical health and mental health scales. Results. Rasch analysis revealed issues with the SF-36 not detected using classical methods. Redundancy was seen for items on the total measure and both scales across all waves of data. Person separation indexes indicate that the measure lacks sensitivity to discriminate between high and low performances in this sample. The presence of Differential Item Functioning suggests that responses to items were influenced by locality and marital status. Conclusion. Previous evaluations of the SF-36 have relied on cross-sectional data; however, the findings of the current study demonstrate the longitudinal efficacy of the measure. Application of the Rasch Measurement Model indicated issues with internal consistency, generalisability, and sensitivity when the measure was evaluated as a whole and as both physical and mental health summary scales. Implications for future research are discussed.

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