scholarly journals Teeth Whitening and Antibacterial Effects of Juglans regia Bark: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Riham Al-Rawi ◽  
Yusra Bashir ◽  
Aseel Mustafa ◽  
Mennatalla Omar ◽  
Noor AL-Rawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Serial Dilution Method ◽  
Preliminary Study

Objectives. Natural folk medicines with antimicrobial effects have been under investigation during the past decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the teeth whitening and antimicrobial effects of ethanol extract of Persian walnut “Juglans regia” barks. Materials and Methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using a broth microdilution assay which was conducted through a 2-fold serial dilution method, and a whitening experiment was done in vitro on extracted teeth, with a pH test being performed on 2-fold dilutions of the ethanol extract. Result. It was found that the MIC for Enterobacter and E. coli and Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas was found to be 5 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. Both dilutions were found to be acidic, and the extract of Juglans regia bark also demonstrated the ability of teeth whitening. Conclusion. This study supports the use of Juglans regia bark as a natural product in dentistry because of the confirmed antimicrobial ability as well as its whitening effect. Clinical Relevance. Herb extract might be incorporated within commercially available kinds of toothpaste to enhance its whitening and antimicrobial effects.

In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Anthoney Swamy T* ◽  
Lasiti Timothy ◽  
Makani Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

scholarly journals An in vitro Study to determine the Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract and Its Formulation on Streptococcus mutans

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma S Nayak ◽  
Sharda C Metgud ◽  
Uday Kumar Bolmal
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

ABSTRACT Aim Many weapons are available in the arsenal of a dental professional to combat dental caries, which is almost ubiquitously present. From a public health perspective, most of these weapons are far from being an ideal drug. Hence, there is a demand for better and effective antibacterial agents. This factor stimulated the process of the present study. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula on Streptococcus mutans. Materials and methods Dried ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula were procured and powdered. Physical tests were done to estimate purity of the fruit powder. Hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared according to standard procedures. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was determined by tube dilution method and confirmed by agar dilution method. The effect of the hydroethanolic extract on sucrose induced adhesion, glucan-induced aggregation and on glycolysis of Streptococcus mutans was also assessed. Preservative, gelling agent and sweetener were added in suitable quantities to the ethanol extract, and mouthrinse was formulated. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the formulation was also determined. Results Yield was better in case of aqueous extract. The Minimum inhibitory concentration of hydroethanolic extract was determined to be 2.5%. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous extract was determined to be 10%. Hydroethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (2.5%) inhibited sucrose induced adherence and aggregation of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. Conclusion The mouthrinse formulated from ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity and could be used as an effective anticaries agent. Clinical Significance Terminalia chebula mouthrinse can be effectively used in clinical practice as an anticaries mouthrinse with additional benefit being that it is safe and economical. How to cite this article Nayak SS, Ankola AV, Metgud SC, Bolmal UK. An in vitro Study to determine the Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract and Its Formulation on Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):278-282.

scholarly journals A Facile Synthesis and Studies of Some New Chalcones and Their Derivatives Based on Heterocyclic Ring

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1897-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Solankee ◽  
K. Patel ◽  
R. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Phenyl Hydrazine ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heterocyclic Aldehydes ◽  
Broth Dilution

Chalcones(6a-f)have been prepared by the condensation of ketone(5)and different aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes. These chalcones(6a-f)on treatment with guanidine hydrochloride and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride in presence of alkali give aminopyrimidines(7a-f)and phenylpyrazolines(8a-f)respectively. All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of IR,1HNMR spectral data as well as physical data. Antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration MIC) against Gram-positiveS. aureusMTCC 96 andS. pyogeneusMTCC 442 and Gram-negativeP. aeruginosaMTCC 1688 andE. coliMTCC 443 bacteria, as well as antifungal acivities (MIC) againstC. albicansMTCC 227,A. nigerMTCC 282 andA. clavatusMTCC 1323 were determined by broth dilution method.

Formation, translocation and resolution of Holliday junctions during homologous genetic recombination

1995 ◽  
Vol 347 (1319) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Holliday Junctions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endonucleolytic Cleavage ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Over the past three or four years, great strides have been made in our understanding of the proteins involved in recombination and the mechanisms by which recombinant molecules are formed. This review summarizes our current understanding of the process by focusing on recent studies of proteins involved in the later steps of recombination in bacteria. In particular, biochemical investigation of the in vitro properties of the E. coli RuvA, RuvB and RuvC proteins have provided our first insight into the novel molecular mechanisms by which Holliday junctions are moved along DNA and then resolved by endonucleolytic cleavage.

scholarly journals IN VITRO MICROBIAL TIME-KILLING CURVE FOR NEWLY SYNTHESIZED AMINOACETYLENIC-2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE COMPOUND

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Aseel Alsarahni ◽  
Zuhair Muhi Eldeen ◽  
Elham Al-kaissi ◽  
Hiba Al-malliti
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Broth Dilution

Objective: To determine the time needed for killing different types of microorganisms by a newly synthesized 2-mercapto-1,3-benzothiazole derivative in comparison to ciprofloxacin and fluconazole.Methods: The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for 2-{[4-(2,6-dimethylPiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]Sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole(AZ3) compound were determined, using the broth dilution method. The MBC and MFC dilutions were prepared. Broth cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, and Candida albicans (C. albicans) was incubated at 25 °C for 48 h. 0.1 ml of each broth culture represent 1.5 x 106 CFU/ml was challenged with 9.9 ml broth containing the MBC or MFC concentrations of the AZ3 compound. From each sample at different time intervals, 1 ml was taken and added to 9 ml of sterile distilled water, in order to neutralize the effect of AZ3. Serial dilution was done and a viable count was determined from the appropriate dilutions.Results: The viability of the P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis and C. albicans were killed within 3.5 h, 5 h, 24 h, 3 h and 5 h respectively. The time killing curves showed that AZ3 needed longer time for killing S. aureus than the time needed to kill B. subtilis. On the other hand, AZ3 needed a shorter time to kill P. aeruginosa, than the time needed to kill E. coli. In comparison with ciprofloxacin, AZ3 needed a shorter time to kill P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and the same time to kill B. subtilis, while it needed longer time than ciprofloxacin to kill S. aureus. In comparison with fluconazole, AZ3 with lower MFC than fluconazole needed longer time to kill C. albicans.Conclusion: AZ3 showed promising antimicrobial killing activities, in compared with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, which promoted our interest to investigate the time of killing needed for other 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives against different types of microorganisms.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF PAPACARIE AND PAPAIN ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
TITTY SULIANTI ◽  
NILAKESUMA DJAUHARI ◽  
BAMBANG NURSASONGKO
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Caries Removal ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Better Than

Objective: The aim is to compare the antimicrobial effects of papain and Papacarie with dilution and diffusion tests.Methods: There were two treatment groups and one Group control. The treatment group received papain and Papacarie, and the control groupreceived chlorhexidine, in five liquids with different concentrations of 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.125%, 0.0625%, and 0.03%. The dilution and diffusion testswere used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and zone of inhibition for eachtreatment material.Results: MICs of papain and Papacarie were 12.5%, indicating that at a concentration of 12.5%, the material can inhibit the growth of Streptococcusmutans. Papain does not have an MBC value but the Papacarie has an MBC at 25%, which indicating that at a concentration of 25%, Papacarie hasbactericidal effects on S. mutans. The zone of inhibition of papain was lower than Papacarie.Conclusion: Based on chemomechanical caries removal materials, the antimicrobial effects of Papacarie were better than those of papain.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE OF BIOFILM FORMS OF AVIAN SALMONELLA GALLINARUM TO FLUOROQUINOLONES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Kamashi ◽  
Mr. Honnegowda ◽  
Mayanna Asha ◽  
Chandrakala Ms.
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Antibacterial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Broth Dilution

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern worldwide. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics for a period of time has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of fluoroquinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin against avian Salmonella gallinarum bacterial biofilms. The study parameters, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and biofilm elimination concentration (BEC) were determined on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 post inoculation for the planktonic (free) and biofilm cells of S. gallinarum by macro broth dilution method. The MIC and MBC values determined on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 for each of the fluoroquinolone drugs against the planktonic and biofilm forms of avian S. gallinarum were found to be non-significant. BEC values determined against the biofilm forms of S. gallinarum during the study period were found to be non-significant among the tested fluoroquinolones. The results of the present study demonstrated that fluoroquinolone drugs were effective in vitro against both the planktonic and biofilm forms of avian S. gallinarum.

Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis L) Extract Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Hardian Bimanto ◽  
Yuyun Dwi Wahyuni ◽  
Diah Titik Mutiarawati ◽  
Lully Hanni Endarini
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Green Tea Leaves

This study aimed to determine phytochemical screening and ethanol extract activity of the green leaves against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The microbial activity of the ethanol extract was carried out using the diffusion and dilution method with concentrations used of 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%, and 5.5% accompanied by three repetitions. The results showed that the ethanol extract of green tea leaves contained alkaloids, saponins, steroids or triterpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins and had the largest inhibition zone diameter of 30mm at a concentration of 4.5%. KHM (Minimum Inhibitory Content) at a level of 4.5% and KBM (Minimum Kill Rate) at a concentration of 5.5%. Analysis of the data with the normality test then proceed with the Kruskal Wallis test obtained a value of P = 0.008. With the value P

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial Activity of Gnetum gnemon Leaves and Compounds Isolated from them

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301
Author(s):  
Partha P Dutta ◽  
Manobjyoti Bordoloi ◽  
Sonali Roy ◽  
Bardwi Narzary ◽  
Kabita Gogoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
First Time

Gnetum gnemon L. (Gnetaceae) is used traditionally for treating malaria related fever by indigenous people of North East India. In our preliminary study, the ethanol extract of G. gnemon leaves showed promising antiplamodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine sensitive (3D7) strain in vitro with an IC50 value of 29.4 μg/mL. Therefore, it was further investigated, and by following a bioassay guided approach, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl icosanoate (1), oleic acid (2) and ursolic acid (3) were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 3 showed highest antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 4.0 and 6.0 μg/mL against chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum, respectively. The antiplasmodial activity of 1 (IC50 9.5 and 11.4 μg/mL) and 2 (IC50 17.6 and 21.1 μg/mL) was moderate. The isolated constituents showed low cytotoxicity against rat skeletal muscle (L6) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. This is the first report on the antimalarial potential of G. gnemon and the isolated compounds may be responsible for its activity. The findings of the study are in line with the ethnopharmacological claim and can be possible leads for future studies.

scholarly journals Burdock (Arctium lappa) Leaf Extracts Increase the In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Common Antibiotics on Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Pirvu ◽  
Isabela Nicorescu ◽  
Cristina Hlevca ◽  
Bujor Albu ◽  
Valentin Nicorescu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Arctium Lappa ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polar Extracts

AbstractThis work aimed to study the potential effects of four Arctii folium extracts, 5 mg gallic [GAE] acid equivalents per 1 mL sample, on six antibiotics (Ampicillin/AM, Tetracycline/TE, Ciprofloxacin/CIP, Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim/SXT, Chloramphenicol/C and Gentamicin/CN) tested on four Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) and five Gram-negative (Proteus mirabilis ATCC 29245, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, E. coli ATCC 11229, E. coli ATCC 8739, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778) bacteria. Arctii folium extracts were the whole ethanol extract/W and subsequent ethyl acetate/EA, aqueous/AQ, and chloroform/CHL fractions. Chemical qualitative analysis (HPTLC method) emphasized five main polyphenol compounds in Arctii folium polar extracts: chlorogenic acid (Rf≈0.52/0.55) and its isomer, 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (Rf≈0.90/0.92), plus cynarin (Rf≈0.77), hyperoside (Rf≈0.68/0.64) and isoquercitrin (Rf≈0.69/0.71). Microbiological screening indicated Arctii folium polar extracts (AQ and W) efficacy on S. epidermidis ATCC 12228; the MIC values were in the range of common antibiotics, being 32 and 128 μg GAE per mL sample respectively. The unpredictable effects (stimulatory or inhibitory) of Arctii folium extracts in combination with typical antibiotics as well as a potential use of the whole ethanol extract/W for restoring the antimicrobial potency of susceptible antibiotics have also been evidenced.

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