scholarly journals CNN-LSTM Hybrid Model for Kinematic Feature Analysis and Parabolic Radian Prediction in Basketball Videos

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ji Rong ◽  
Yitong Chen ◽  
Jianxin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Living Standards ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
The World ◽  
Kinematic Feature ◽  
Release Speed ◽  
Sports Videos ◽  
Wrist Joints

With the improvement of living standards around the world, people's love for sports has also increased; basketball is especially loved by people. It is of great importance to provide sound motor instruction for basketball. To this end, this paper comprehensively investigates the dependence between the optimal release conditions and the corresponding shooting arm movements in basketball players. We carry out kinematic feature analysis of basketball sports videos, propose a hybrid CNN-LSTM model that can predict the arc of the shooting parry, and identify the key movements of the arm joint that produce optimal release velocity, angle, and backspin in short-, mid-, and long-range shots. The experiment demonstrates that the model has three rigid planar links with rotational joints that mimic the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints of the upper arm, forearm, and hand, which are better at guiding the optimal ball release speed, angle, and backspin for different players with the fastest ball speed being about 4.6 m/s and the slowest being about 1.7 m/s.

scholarly journals Analysis of Arm Joint Torques at Ball-Release for Set and Jump Shots in Basketball

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Hiroki Okubo ◽  
Mont Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Arm Motions ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Release Speed ◽  
Wrist Joints

A kinetic model of the shooting arms has estimated arm joint torques for one-hand set- and jump-shots in basketball. The dynamic model has three rigid planar links with rotational joints imitating an upper arm, forearm and hand with shoulder, elbow and wrist joints. In general shots controlled by hand, forearm and upper arm motions, there are many torque combinations of shoulder, elbow and wrist joints to produce shooters’ desired ball-release speed, angle and backspin angular velocity. The minimum of the sum of squares of the torque combinations exists at ball-release, when the release angular velocities of the hand and forearm are equal, and the release angular accelerations of the hand and forearm are also equal. Each torque of the shooting arm joints for the set-shot with upward shoulder speed is smaller than that for the jump-shot. Shoulder, elbow and wrist torques increase in proportion to horizontal shot distances. As release backspin angular speed increases, each of the shoulder, elbow and wrist torques also increases. The torques of the shoulder, elbow and hand affect the horizontal shot distance and the ball-release backspin.

Book Reviews

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Comparative Development ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Unified Growth Theory ◽  
Brown University ◽  
The World

Elias Dinopoulos of University of Florida reviews “Unified Growth Theory” by Oded Galor. The EconLit Abstract of the reviewed work begins: Explores the forces that have generated the transition of the world economy from an epoch of stagnation to an era of sustained economic growth and triggered the emergence of the large disparity in living standards across the globe. Discusses the move from stagnation to growth; the Malthusian theory; theories of the demographic transition; unified growth theory; unified growth theory and comparative development; and human evolution and the process of development. Galor is Herbert H. Goldberger Professor of Economics at Brown University. Name and subject indexes.

Age-Related Differences in Throwing Techniques Used by the Catcher in Baseball

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Sakurai ◽  
Bruce Elliott ◽  
J. Robert Grove
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Release Speed

Three-dimensional (3-D) high speed photography was used to record the overarm throwing actions of five open-age, four 18-year-old, six 16-year- old, and six 14-year-old high-performance baseball catchers. The direct linear transformation method was used for 3-D space reconstruction from 2-D images of the catchers throwing from home plate to second base recorded using two phase-locked cameras operating at a nominal rate of 200 Hz. Selected physical capacity measures were also recorded and correlated with ball release speed. In general, anthropometric and strength measures significantly increased through the 14-year-old to open-age classifications, while a range of correlation coefficients from .50 to .84 was recorded between these physical capacities and ball speed at release. While many aspects of the kinematic data at release were similar, the key factors of release angle and release speed varied for the different age groups.

scholarly journals Genomic Feature Analysis of Betacoronavirus Provides Insights Into SARS and COVID-19 Pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Jia Chang ◽  
Shunmei Chen ◽  
Liangge Wang ◽  
Tung On Yau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Genomic Feature ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Furin Cleavage ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Similar Risk

In December 2019, the world awoke to a new betacoronavirus strain named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Betacoronavirus consists of A, B, C and D subgroups. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 belong to betacoronavirus subgroup B. In the present study, we divided betacoronavirus subgroup B into the SARS1 and SARS2 classes by six key insertions and deletions (InDels) in betacoronavirus genomes, and identified a recently detected betacoronavirus strains RmYN02 as a recombinant strain across the SARS1 and SARS2 classes, which has potential to generate a new strain with similar risk as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. By analyzing genomic features of betacoronavirus, we concluded: (1) the jumping transcription and recombination of CoVs share the same molecular mechanism, which inevitably causes CoV outbreaks; (2) recombination, receptor binding abilities, junction furin cleavage sites (FCSs), first hairpins and ORF8s are main factors contributing to extraordinary transmission, virulence and host adaptability of betacoronavirus; and (3) the strong recombination ability of CoVs integrated other main factors to generate multiple recombinant strains, two of which evolved into SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, resulting in the SARS and COVID-19 pandemics. As the most important genomic features of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, an enhanced ORF8 and a novel junction FCS, respectively, are indispensable clues for future studies of their origin and evolution. The WIV1 strain without the enhanced ORF8 and the RaTG13 strain without the junction FCS “RRAR” may contribute to, but are not the immediate ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively.

scholarly journals Waste production and waste management in the EU

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
S Matušková ◽  
M Taušová ◽  
L Domaracká ◽  
P Tauš
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The constant growth of the population increases the demands on raw material resources, which is reflected in increasing pressure on the environment. The impact of mankind on the environment is nowadays an increasingly acute problem, which is being addressed by the governments of individual countries, not only the EU, through legislative interventions. The most addressed areas are the issue of production and subsequent waste management. Waste production in the world has been growing for a long time, which causes considerable problems for individual countries. Each country is currently looking for the optimal way of waste management to reuse it as secondary raw material. In this paper, we analysed twenty-eight EU countries in terms of production and waste management and found significant differences between countries. We looked for factors that lead to different results between countries in the production and management of waste, based on the population, the size of the country to the indicators of living standards, and legislation applicable to those countries.

scholarly journals Scope and Challenges of Internet of Things (IoT) in Kashmir

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 23692-23696
Author(s):  
Pala, M. Maqbool
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The World

Internet of things is a fast growing technology that shall be shaping overall living standards of human beings all over the world. It, however like all other technological advancements, is dependent on certain factors. This paper tries to evaluate the scope, chances of growth and challenges that can hinder its survival in Kashmir.

scholarly journals A Review of piggery manure management: generally, across western, Asian and African countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
James Buttie Machete ◽  
Ricks G Chabo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
The World ◽  
Causative Agents

The aim of this paper was to review the piggery waste management aspects in several countries of the world. Intensive livestock production produces significant quantities of waste that must be managed to protect water, air, and crop quality. The high demand of modern animal production has been influenced by the rapid growing populations as a result of rapid economic growth and increase in community living standards which is associated with the accelerated generation rate of solid waste causing a serious worldwide challenge. Piggery waste is said to be one of the most important causative agents of environmental pollution in most parts of the world. A growing pig population is unavoidable because it is a convenient source of protein to the growing human population and at the same time this means increasing piggery waste. Animal manure can provide nutrients for crops and fish production and input for biogas production, but if not managed, then this can also have a negative impact on the environment. Nevertheless, there are few countries who are considering legislation in relation to manure management.

‘Line Struggle‘ in Theory and Practice: The Origins of the Cultural Revolution Reconsidered

1977 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 675-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell Dittmer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
World View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Western View ◽  
Foreign Policy Strategies ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

The extent to which the Cultural Revolution has transformed the world-view of the Chinese masses remains among the psycho-cultural imponderables, but clearly it has revolutionized the western view of Chinese politics. The dominant pre-1966 image of a consensual solidarity disturbed only rarely by purges, also handled in an orderly way by a consensus excluding only its victims, was challenged by a sudden multitude of polemical claims to the effect that a struggle for power and principle had been raging behind the scenes for decades. This struggle was characterized as a “struggle between two lines”: a “proletarian revolutionary line,” led by Mao Tse-tung, and a “bourgeois reactionary line,” led by Liu Shao-ch'i and Teng Hsiaop'ing. This struggle allegedly represented a deep underlying ideological cleavage within the leadership that had repercussions on every aspect of Chinese life: foreign policy, strategies of economic development, techniques of leadership and administration, pay scales and living standards, delivery patterns for education, medicine, and other services; even scientific method. Allegations concerning this struggle were supported by a wealth of documentary evidence, culled from hitherto confidential Party and government files. Initially greeted with scepticism among western journalists and academic circles, some variant of the “two lines” paradigm has made increasing inroads into our attempts to understand the origins of the Cultural Revolution. The time has come to re-evaluate the conception of a two-line struggle in retrospect and to try to determine just what it means and how it functions.

scholarly journals A Review of Gregory Clark's A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 946-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C Allen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Preventive Check ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

A Farewell to Alms advances striking claims about the economic history of the world. These include (1) the preindustrial world was in a Malthusian preventive check equilibrium, (2) living standards were unchanging and above subsistence for the last 100,000 years, (3) bad institutions were not the cause of economic backwardness, (4) successful economic growth was due to the spread of “middle class” values from the elite to the rest of society for “biological” reasons, (5) workers were the big gainers in the British Industrial Revolution, and (6) the absence of middle class values, for biological reasons, explains why most of the world is poor. The empirical support for these claims is examined, and all are questionable.

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