scholarly journals Genomic Feature Analysis of Betacoronavirus Provides Insights Into SARS and COVID-19 Pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Jia Chang ◽  
Shunmei Chen ◽  
Liangge Wang ◽  
Tung On Yau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Genomic Feature ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Furin Cleavage ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Similar Risk

In December 2019, the world awoke to a new betacoronavirus strain named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Betacoronavirus consists of A, B, C and D subgroups. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 belong to betacoronavirus subgroup B. In the present study, we divided betacoronavirus subgroup B into the SARS1 and SARS2 classes by six key insertions and deletions (InDels) in betacoronavirus genomes, and identified a recently detected betacoronavirus strains RmYN02 as a recombinant strain across the SARS1 and SARS2 classes, which has potential to generate a new strain with similar risk as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. By analyzing genomic features of betacoronavirus, we concluded: (1) the jumping transcription and recombination of CoVs share the same molecular mechanism, which inevitably causes CoV outbreaks; (2) recombination, receptor binding abilities, junction furin cleavage sites (FCSs), first hairpins and ORF8s are main factors contributing to extraordinary transmission, virulence and host adaptability of betacoronavirus; and (3) the strong recombination ability of CoVs integrated other main factors to generate multiple recombinant strains, two of which evolved into SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, resulting in the SARS and COVID-19 pandemics. As the most important genomic features of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, an enhanced ORF8 and a novel junction FCS, respectively, are indispensable clues for future studies of their origin and evolution. The WIV1 strain without the enhanced ORF8 and the RaTG13 strain without the junction FCS “RRAR” may contribute to, but are not the immediate ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively.

scholarly journals The discovery of a recombinant SARS2-like CoV strain provides insights into SARS and COVID-19 pandemics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Xiufeng Jin ◽  
Shunmei Chen ◽  
Liangge Wang ◽  
Tung On Yau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Specific Receptor ◽  
Furin Cleavage ◽  
Translational Initiation ◽  
Ribosome Binding Sites ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn December 2019, the world awoke to a new zoonotic strain of coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the present study, we identified key recombination regions and mutation sites cross the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and SARS-like CoV clusters of betacoronavirus subgroup B. Based on the analysis of these recombination events, we proposed that the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 may have more than one specific receptor for its function. In addition, we reported—for the first time—a recombination event of ORF8 at the whole-gene level in a bat and ultimately determined that ORF8 enhances the viral replication. In conjunction with our previous discoveries, we found that receptor binding abilities, junction furin cleavage sites (FCSs), strong first ribosome binding sites (RBSs) and enhanced ORF8s are main factors contributing to transmission, virulence and host adaptability of CoVs. Junction FCSs and enhanced ORF8s increase the efficiencies in viral entry into cells and replication, respectively while strong first RBSs enhance the translational initiation. The strong recombination ability of CoVs integrated these factors to generate multiple recombinant strains, two of which evolved into SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 by nature selection, resulting in the SARS and COVID-19 pandemics.

The world and Russia: Inflation is minimal, economic growth is slowing, risks are rising

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Ershov ◽  
Anna S. Tanasova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Money Creation ◽  
Main Factors

Russian economy has reached the low level of inflation, but economic growth has not accelerated. Moreover, according to official forecasts, in the following years it will still be low. The article concludes that domestic demand, which is one of the main factors of growth, is significantly constrained by monetary, budgetary and fiscal spheres. The situation in the Russian economy is still hampered by the decline of the world economic growth. The prospects of financial markets are highly uncertain. This increases the possibility of crisis in the world. Leading countries widely use non-traditional measures to support their economies in the similar environment. In the world economy as well as in Russia a principally new combination of factors has emerged, which create specific features of economic growth. It requires special set of measures to stimulate such growth. The article proves that Russian regulators have large unused potential to stimulate growth. It includes monetization, long-money creation, budget and tax stimuli. It is important that the instruments, which will be used, should be based on domestic mechanisms. This will strengthen financial basis of the economy and may encourage economic growth. Some specific suggestions as to their use are made.

HASTANELERİN HİZMET KALİTESİNİN HASTA TATMİN ÖLÇEĞİ İLE ÖLÇÜLMESİ: KARABÜK DEVLET HASTANESİNDE YATAN HASTALAR ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA THE MEASUREMENT SERVICE QUALITY OF THE HOSPITALS BY THE PATIENT SCALE: A RESEARCH ON THE PATIENTS IN KARABUK STATE HOSP

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Selçuk Yurtsever
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

It has been known that both in the world and in Turkey a continuous change has been experienced in the provision of health services in recent years. In this sense by adopting the customer(client) focused approach of either public or private sector hospitals; it has been seen that they are in the struggle for presenting a right, fast, trustuble, comfy service. The purpose of this research is to measure the satisfaction degree, expectations and perceptions of the patients in Karabük State Hospital through comparison. In this context, the patient satisfaction scale which has been developed as a result of literature review has been used and by this scale it has been tried to measure the satisfaction levels of the patients in terms of material and human factors which are the two main factors of the service that was presented. In the study, with the scales of Servqual and 0-100 Points together, in the part of the analysis MANOVA have been used. The expectations and the perceptions of the patient has been compared first by generally and then by separating to different groups according to the various criterias and in thisway it has been tried to be measured their satisfaction levels. According to the results that were obtained, although, the satisfaction levels of the patients who have taken service from Karabük State Hospital are high in terms of thedoctors and the nurses; it has been reached to the result that their satisfaction levels are low in terms of the materials that have been used at the presenting of the service and the management.

Mechanisms Involved in Glycemic Control Promoted by Exercise in Diabetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Francelino Andrade ◽  
Víviam de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Débora Ribeiro Orlando ◽  
Luciano José Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
World Population ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high glycemic levels for long periods. This disease has a high prevalence in the world population, being currently observed an increase in its incidence. This fact is mainly due to the sedentary lifestyle and hypercaloric diets. Non-pharmacological interventions for glycemic control include exercise, which promotes changes in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Thus, increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and decreased insulin resistance through modulating adipocytes are the main factors that improve glycemic control against diabetes. Conclusion: It was sought to elucidate mechanisms involved in the improvement of glycemic control in diabetics in front of the exercise.

scholarly journals Furin cleavage sites naturally occur in coronaviruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 102115
Author(s):  
Yiran Wu ◽  
Suwen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Furin Cleavage

scholarly journals Drivers and Barriers to the Adoption of Fuel Cell Passenger Vehicles and Buses in Germany

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Gregory Trencher ◽  
Achmed Edianto
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Privately Owned

As policymakers and automotive stakeholders around the world seek to accelerate the electrification of road transport with hydrogen, this study focuses on the experiences of Germany, a world leader in fuel cell technology. Specifically, it identifies and compares the drivers and barriers influencing the production and market penetration of privately-owned fuel cell electric passenger vehicles (FCEVs) and fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) in public transit fleets. Using original data collected via a survey and 17 interviews, we elicited the opinions of experts to examine opportunities and obstacles in Germany from four perspectives: (i) the supply of vehicles (ii) refuelling infrastructure, (iii) demand for vehicles, and (iv) cross-cutting institutional issues. Findings indicate that despite multiple drivers, there are significant challenges hampering the growth of the hydrogen mobility market. Several are more pronounced in the passenger FCEV market. These include the supply and cost of production, the lack of German automakers producing FCEVs, the profitability and availability of refuelling stations, and low demand for vehicles. In light of these findings, we extract implications for international policymakers and future studies. This study provides a timely update on efforts to spur the deployment of hydrogen mobility in Germany and addresses the underrepresentation of studies examining both buses and passenger vehicles in tandem.

scholarly journals Renewable energy sources in future energy balance of the republic of Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 03006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekzhan Mukatov ◽  
Ravil Khabibullin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Republic

The article describes the main factors determining the development of renewable energy sources in the world. The assessment of the applicability of foreign RES development strategies to Kazakhstan’s energy system has been made. The main tasks facing Kazakhstan’s energy system with large-scale implementation of renewable energy were formulated. On the basis of the analysis and performed calculations recommendations and basic principles have been made on development strategy of renewable energy sources in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Calculation of productivity of multi-section trawls for extraction of ferromanganese nodules

2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Maxim Rakhutin ◽  
Alexey Kashirsky ◽  
Yuliya Lagunova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Ferromanganese Nodules ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

A mathematical model of the operational productivity of trawls for the extraction of ferromanganese nodules from the bottom of the World Ocean is proposed. On the example of the previously proposed cassette trawl, the analysis of the influence of the main factors on the value of operational productivity is carried out.

scholarly journals «Peaceful Atom» – from the XXth to the XXI century: from the weapons of mass destruction to the driver of the massive progress

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
M. V. Zharkikh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

The article is dedicated to the progress-analysis of the development of one of the most promising fields of economy and industry of Russia as well as many other states of the world – the atomic energy sector. Its evolution and competitive advantages before the other sources of energy supply are attended in brief. Special attention is devoted to international cooperation in the atomic energy field, incentivized at the beginning of the XXI century. Dynamics of this cooperation has shown that atomic energy can and, most probably, in the nearest future, will become one of the main factors of an advanced socioeconomic development of most of the states.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
T. N. Bilichenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Research Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Course Outcomes ◽  
Official Sources

An analysis of epidemiology coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Russia and the world was carried out to identify the main factors contributing to morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the disease. Statistical data were used from official sources (Rospotrebnadzor, WHO, US CDC, China NHC, ECDC, DXY). Research information from different countries about the course, outcomes, spread, and risk factors of the disease is presented.The study of epidemiology, risk factors, causes of increased incidence of COVID-19, mortality rate is of great importance for assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures.

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