Advances regarding Neuroinflammation Biomarkers with Noninvasive Techniques in Epilepsy

A rapidly growing body of evidence supports that neuroinflammation plays a major role in epileptogenesis and disease progression. The capacity to identify pathological neuroinflammation in individuals with epilepsy is a crucial step on the timing of anti-inflammatory intervention and patient selection, which will be challenging aspects in future clinical studies. The discovery of noninvasive biomarkers that are accessible in the blood or molecular neuroimaging would facilitate clinical translation of experimental findings into humans. These innovative and noninvasive approaches have the advantage of monitoring the dynamic changes of neuroinflammation in epilepsy. Here, we will review the available evidence for the measurement of neuroinflammation in patients with epilepsy using noninvasive techniques and critically analyze the major scientific challenges of noninvasive methods. Finally, we propose the potential for use in clinical applications.

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Dexmedetomidine: What’s New for Pediatrics? A Narrative Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9092724 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 2724 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamed Mahmoud ◽

Egidio Barbi ◽

Keira P. Mason

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Neurocognitive Function ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Routes Of Administration ◽

The Past ◽

Growing Body ◽

Alternative Routes

Over the past few years, despite the lack of approved pediatric labelling, dexmedetomidine’s (DEX) use has become more prevalent in pediatric clinical practice as well as in research trials. Its respiratory-sparing effects and bioavailability by various routes are only some of the valued features of DEX. In recent years the potential organ-protective effects of DEX, with the possibility for preserving neurocognitive function, has put it in the forefront of clinical and bench research. This comprehensive review focused on the pediatric literature but presents relevant, supporting adult and animal studies in order to detail the recent growing body of literature around the pharmacology, end-organ effects, organ-protective effects, alternative routes of administration, synergetic effects, and clinical applications, with considerations for the future.

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Dynamic changes in 18F-borono-L-phenylalanine uptake in unresectable, advanced, or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and malignant melanoma during boron neutron capture therapy patient selection

Radiation Oncology ◽

10.1186/s13014-017-0949-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Takahiro Morita ◽

Hiroaki Kurihara ◽

Kenta Hiroi ◽

Natsuki Honda ◽

Hiroshi Igaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Patient Selection ◽

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy ◽

Neutron Capture ◽

Neutron Capture Therapy ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Boron Neutron Capture ◽

Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography

10.1093/med/9780190228484.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Premature Infants ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Vast Number ◽

Developmental Issues ◽

On Line ◽

Patients With Epilepsy ◽

The Brain ◽

Advanced Computer

This book deals with the field of Electroencephalography in the widest possible sense, from the cellular foundations of the electric activities of the brain to a vast number of clinical applications. The basic science sections were up-dated to include advanced computer modeling approaches. The chapters on normal and pathological EEG findings in premature infants, newborns and children were thoroughly revised to keep up with the advances that have taken place recently in studying brain developmental issues. Major advances have taken place in neurophysiological findings in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, which led to thoroughly revised chapters. Other rapidly changing subjects related to EEG recording/monitoring in ICU's, EMUs, and operating rooms, in patients with epilepsy, head injuries, infectious disorders and those undergoing surgical procedures, led to radically updating a number of chapters and to the addition of a chapter dedicated to invasive recordings for the treatment of patients with movement disorders. A previously missing chapter on the neurophysiology of myoclonus was added. Chapters that deal with automated EEG interpretation techniques and with standardizing EEG reporting using ILAE/IFCN approved terminology, were also added. Many chapters in the on-line version of the book will have the ability to link to a database of over 150 complete EEGs that cover the scope seen in a general EEG Lab. This link will allow the reader to manipulate the EEG display parameters as if they were in their own lab, generate a report and compare it to one generated by a panel of senior EEGers.

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Narrative review of male urethral sling for post-prostatectomy stress incontinence: sling type, patient selection, and clinical applications

Translational Andrology and Urology ◽

10.21037/tau-20-1459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Raevti Bole ◽

Kevin J. Hebert ◽

Harrison C. Gottlich ◽

Elizabeth Bearrick ◽

Tobias S. Kohler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Incontinence ◽

Patient Selection ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Male Urethral Sling

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The Role of Exosomes in Pancreatic Cancer From Bench to Clinical Application: An Updated Review

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.644358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Kai Chen ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Marko Kornmann ◽

Xiaodong Tian ◽

Yinmo Yang

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Tumor Heterogeneity ◽

Cell Communication ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Growing Body

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most dismal gastrointestinal malignancies with an overall 5-year survival rate of 8%–9%. The intra-tumor heterogeneity and special tumor microenvironment in PDAC make it challenging to develop effective treatment strategies. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that originate from the endosomes and have a diameter of 40–160 nm. A growing body of evidence has shown that exosomes play vital roles in tumor initiation and development. Recently, extensive application of exosomes as biomarkers and drug carriers has rendered them attractive in the field of PDAC. This review summarizes the latest progress in the methodologies for isolation, modification, and tracking of exosomes, exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication, clinical applications of exosome as minimally invasive liquid biopsy and drugs carriers, as well as their involvement in the angiogenic regulation in PDAC. In spite of these advancements, some obstacles are still required to be overcome to use the exosome-based technologies for early diagnosis or improvement of prognosis of patients with PDAC.

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Radioembolization of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Patient Selection, Outcomes, and Competing Therapies

Seminars in Interventional Radiology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1735526 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (04) ◽

pp. 438-444

Author(s):

Joseph Ray Ness ◽

Christopher Molvar

Keyword(s):

Patient Selection ◽

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽

Survival Benefit ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Side Effect Profile ◽

Treatment Resistant ◽

Hepatic Malignancy ◽

Transarterial Radioembolization ◽

Growing Body ◽

Favorable Side Effect Profile

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy and poses a therapeutic challenge owing to its late-stage presentation and treatment-resistant outcomes. Most patients are diagnosed with locally advanced, unresectable disease and are treated with a combination of systemic and local regional therapies. Transarterial radioembolization offers a survival benefit and a favorable side effect profile, with a growing body of evidence to support its use. Herein, we review patient selection and detail outcomes of radioembolization for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, together with mention of competing treatments.

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The Status of Textile-Based Dry EEG Electrodes

Autex Research Journal ◽

10.2478/aut-2019-0071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Granch Berhe Tseghai ◽

Benny Malengier ◽

Kinde Anlay Fante ◽

Lieva Van Langenhove

Keyword(s):

Neurological Disorders ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Conductive Polymer ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Actual Application ◽

The Status ◽

Patients With Epilepsy ◽

Published Research ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg

AbstractElectroencephalogram (EEG) is the biopotential recording of electrical signals generated by brain activity. It is useful for monitoring sleep quality and alertness, clinical applications, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with epilepsy, disease of Parkinson and other neurological disorders, as well as continuous monitoring of tiredness/ alertness in the field. We provide a review of textile-based EEG. Most of the developed textile-based EEGs remain on shelves only as published research results due to a limitation of flexibility, stickability, and washability, although the respective authors of the works reported that signals were obtained comparable to standard EEG. In addition, nearly all published works were not quantitatively compared and contrasted with conventional wet electrodes to prove feasibility for the actual application. This scenario would probably continue to give a publication credit, but does not add to the growth of the specific field, unless otherwise new integration approaches and new conductive polymer composites are evolved to make the application of textile-based EEG happen for bio-potential monitoring.

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Clinical Applications of Functional Neuroimaging

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.013.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew C. Papanicolaou ◽

Roozbeh Rezaie ◽

Shalini Narayana ◽

Asim F. Choudhri ◽

James W. Wheless ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Mapping ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Functional Neuroimaging ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Hemispheric Dominance ◽

Brain Surgery ◽

Noninvasive Methods ◽

Language Functions ◽

Cortical Regions ◽

Gold Standards

The main clinical application of functional neuroimaging is mapping cortical regions containing part of the circuitry necessary for somatosensory, motor, and language functions and assessing hemispheric dominance for both language and encoding operations of memory prior to several types of brain surgery. Presently, it is used in conjunction with the classical invasive methods of brain mapping. This chapter presents the case for replacing invasive methods with noninvasive ones given the limitations of the invasive methods that render them unjustifiable as “gold standards.” Evidence is presented that the efficacy of the two types of methods in reducing morbidity, facilitating surgical planning, and enhancing surgical outcome is comparable. Additional advantages of noninvasive presurgical brain mapping are also discussed. The chapter concludes that there are no compelling reasons for invasive mapping in most patients whenever noninvasive methods are available.

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