scholarly journals Clinical Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk Factors for Severe Bronchiolitis Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Vietnamese Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sang Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Thuy Ngoc Thi Nguyen ◽  
Lam Tung Vu ◽  
Thap Duc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction. Bronchiolitis is the most prevalent cause of hospitalization in infants under the age of 12 months. The disease is caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, which can cause breathing difficulties and respiratory failure. Therefore, it is necessary to discover the risk factors of severe bronchiolitis to diagnose and treat promptly. This study is aimed at describing the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of acute bronchiolitis caused by RSV and assessing the related factors to severe acute bronchiolitis in studied patients. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Haiphong Children’s Hospital, Haiphong, Vietnam, for one year, from October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2017. All bronchiolitis admissions < 2   years were included. Results. 377 children were evaluated, including 261 boys and 116 girls; children under 6 months accounted for the highest proportion (57%), and 47 (12.5%) of all patients had severe disease. Wheezing was the main reason to be taken to the hospital 261 (69.2%). Clinical symptoms of acute bronchiolitis such as cough, tachypnea, and runny nose were found in all patients. Bronchiolitis cases increased in the winter-spring season, and the highest registered number of patients was 42 in March. Image of bronchiolitis on chest X-ray was found in all patients, and air trapping lung was found in 124 (32.9%) patients. The risk factors included age (≤6 months), low birth weight, preterm birth, nonbreastfeeding for the first six months, early weaning, and exposition to cigarette smoke increased the severe disease ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The number of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis caused by RSV has an upward trend during the winter-spring season (from October to March). This study confirms that age, preterm birth, breastfeeding under 6 months, history of exposure to cigarette smoking, low birth weight, having sibling(s) under five years old going to kindergarten, history of undergoing cesarean section, history of mechanical ventilation, poor living condition, and maternal education are 10 risk factors of severe bronchiolitis caused by RSV.

scholarly journals Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunoprophylaxis with Palivizumab: 12-Year Observational Study of Usage and Outcomes in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mitchell ◽  
Abby Li ◽  
Candice L. Bjornson ◽  
Krista L. Lanctot ◽  
Bosco A. Paes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Airway Anomalies

Objective This study aimed to evaluate palivizumab (PVZ) use, trends in indications, and outcomes of respiratory illness hospitalizations (RIH) and respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations (RSVH). Study Design It involves a large, Canadian prospective (2005–2017) observational multicenter study of children at high risk for RSV infection. Results A total of 25,003 infants (56.3% male) were enrolled at 32 sites; 109,579 PVZ injections were administered. Indications included: prematurity (63.3%); “miscellaneous” (17.8%); hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (10.5%); bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease (8.4%). The “miscellaneous” group increased over time (4.4% in 2005–2006 to 22.5% in 2016–2017) and included: trisomy 21, airway anomalies, pulmonary disorders, cystic fibrosis, neurological impairments, immunocompromised, cardiac aged >2 years, multiple conditions, and a residual “unclassified” group. Adherence measured by expected versus actual doses plus correct interdose interval was 64.7%. A total of 2,054 RIH occurred (6.9%); 198 (9.6%) required intubation. Three hundred thirty-seven hospitalized children were RSV-positive (overall RSVH 1.6%). Risk factors for RSVH included having siblings, attending daycare, family history of atopy, smoking exposure, and crowded household. Infants with 5 risk factors were 9.0 times (95% CI or confidence interval 4.4–18.2; p < 0.0005) more likely to have RSVH than infants without risk factors. Three adverse events occurred; none were fatal. Conclusion Results are relevant to both clinicians and decision-makers. We confirmed the safety of PVZ. Use of PVZ increased steadily for children with miscellaneous conditions and medical complexity. Medical and social factors pose a risk for severe RIH and RSVH with accompanying burden of illness. A vaccine that protects against RSV is urgently required. Key Points

scholarly journals Comparing Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Viral Co-Detections, Genotypes and Risk Factors for Severe Disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e0170200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Moe ◽  
Sidsel Krokstad ◽  
Inger Heimdal Stenseng ◽  
Andreas Christensen ◽  
Lars Høsøien Skanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Manifestations and Risk Factors in Children Hospitalized with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kuczborska ◽  
Agnieszka Rustecka ◽  
Agata Wawrzyniak ◽  
Agata Będzichowska ◽  
Bolesław Kalicki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Common Manifestation

Background: Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age, and the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains its leading etiological factor. Although RSV infections occur in all age groups, the most severe course is observed among children. The clinical manifestations include both mild upper respiratory infections and severe infections of the lower tract, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia that can lead to hospitalization and severe complications, including respiratory failure. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the manifestations of RSV infection in hospitalized children younger than 18 months of age and predictors of disease severity, as well as their comparison with the same age group hospitalized due to ALRI of different etiology. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on medical records of 448 children hospitalized due to ALRI. The analysis was performed on the total study group and subgroups of children with positive and negative results of the nasal swab for RSV detection. In each group, clinical data, laboratory test results, and imaging results were analyzed. Results: The most common manifestation was pneumonia (n = 82; 63.08%). Otitis media was observed mainly in children under six months of age with lowered inflammatory markers (P < 0.05), conjunctivitis in those with a positive family history of allergies (P < 0.05), and pneumonia in children under six months of age, with lower blood oxygen saturation and inflammatory markers, features of acidosis, and fever-free course (P < 0.05). Respiratory failure affected 13 children (10%). However, no predictors of this complication were noted. Conclusions: As pneumonia was the most common manifestation in children with both RSV-positive and RSV-negative ALRI, it seems advisable to perform the imaging of the lungs on admission and carefully monitor the child’s condition during hospitalization. In both groups, special attention should be paid to the youngest children with low inflammatory markers on hospital admission, increased clinical symptoms, and family history of allergies. Nevertheless, widely known risk factors of RSV infection itself do not reflect the risk of developing pneumonia or respiratory failure in its course.

scholarly journals The incidence and risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants included in the Polish National Program for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róża Borecka ◽  
Ryszard Lauterbach
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
National Program ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants ◽  
Syncytial Virus

IntroductionBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease diagnosed in premature infants, which may cause severe respiratory failure due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and severity of BPD in infants born before 28 weeks of gestational age (GA) enrolled into the Polish National Program for RSV Prophylaxis (PNPRSVP).Material and methodsA retrospective analysis of data on children born in 2013 included in a prophylaxis program during the seasons 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. The following data were evaluated: the need for oxygen therapy for at least 28 days and the need for oxygen therapy at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA).ResultsThe analysis was carried out in a group of 603 children, who constituted 87.7% of the population entitled to prophylactic administration of palivizumab. BPD was diagnosed in 80.9% of extremely preterm infants; however, in 70.7% of cases the disease was mild. The risk factors for the development of BPD were GA, birth weight and birth weight below the 10th centile for GA. During the program, the median number of doses received was 5 (range 1–5), and 82.3% of children received all of the expected doses.ConclusionsAlthough the incidence of BPD in extremely preterm infants was high, mainly its mild form was recognized. Monitoring of the incidence of the disease and identifying the risk factors can be carried out effectively based on long-term data collected during the PNPRSVP.

scholarly journals Maternal Factors for Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth At Tertiary Care Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (200) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neebha Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Low birth weight and preterm birth are the major community health problems in developing countries. They are the major determinants of perinatal survival and infant morbidity and mortality.  The aim of this study was to determine the proportion and the maternal risk factors for low birth weight and preterm birth among hospital deliveries in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Methods: A cross sectional retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of TUTH. Maternal risk factors like age, parity, ethnicity, history of previous abortion, history of previous cesarean section, antepartum hemorrhage and medical disorders were studied. Information on all births that occurred was extracted from maternity case notes and delivery registers. Results: During the study period, there were 685 singleton live births.  Among these 78(11.4%) were low birth weight and 47(6.9%) were preterm birth. The mean birth weight was 2950 ± 488 gm. The mean weight of female was statistically less compared to male babies (p=0.032). The significant risk factors for LBW were primiparity (OR 2.12; 95%CI 1.25-3.58), Indo-Aryan ethnicity (OR 1.97; 95%CI 1.12-3.45) and history of medical disorder (OR 3.08; 95%CI 1.17-8.12). As for PTB antepartum hemorrhage (OR 8.63; 95%CI 1.99-37.30) and history of medical disorder (OR 3.20; 95%CI 1.04-9.89) were significant risk factors. Conclusions: Parity, ethnicity, and medical disorders were the main risk factors for low birth weight. Antepartum hemorrhage and medical disorders were significant risk factors for preterm birth. Keywords: low birth weight; preterm birth; risk factors.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Newborns in Bamako, Mali

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G Buchwald ◽  
Boubou Tamboura ◽  
Sharon M Tennant ◽  
Fadima C Haidara ◽  
Flanon Coulibaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Few studies describe the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) burden in African populations, and most have utilized hospital-based surveillance. In Mali, no community-based studies exist of the incidence or epidemiology of RSV infection. This study provides the first estimates of RSV incidence in Mali. Methods In a cohort of infants enrolled in a clinical trial of maternal influenza vaccination, we estimate incidence of RSV-associated febrile illness in the first 6 months of life and identify risk factors for RSV infection and progression to severe disease. Infants (N = 1871) were followed from birth to 6 months of age and visited weekly to detect pneumonia and influenza-like illness. Baseline covariates were explored as risk factors for RSV febrile illness and RSV pneumonia or hospitalization. Results Incidence of RSV illness was estimated at 536.8 per 1000 person-years, and 86% (131/153) of RSV illness episodes were positive for RSV-B. RSV illness was most frequent in the fifth month of life and associated with having older mothers and with lower parity. The incidence of RSV-associated hospitalizations was 45.6 per 1000 person-years. Among infants with RSV illness, males were more likely to be hospitalized. The incidence of RSV pneumonia was 29 cases per 1000 person-years. Conclusions In the first 6 months of life, Malian infants have a high incidence of RSV illness, primarily caused by RSV-B. Prevention of early RSV will require passive protection via maternal immunization in pregnancy. Mali is the first country where RSV-B has been identified as the dominant subtype, with potential implications for vaccine development.

scholarly journals Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease and Mortality Risk Factors in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Gentile ◽  
María Florencia Lucion ◽  
María del Valle Juarez ◽  
María Soledad Areso ◽  
Julia Bakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Gene Expression of Nucleic Acid-Sensing Pattern Recognition Receptors in Children Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Acute Bronchiolitis

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Scagnolari ◽  
Fabio Midulla ◽  
Alessandra Pierangeli ◽  
Corrado Moretti ◽  
Enea Bonci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Given the critical role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in acid nucleic recognition in the initiation of innate immunity and the orchestration of adaptive immunity, the aim of this study was to determine whether any heterogeneity of PRR expression in the airway tracts of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection might explain the broad clinical spectrum of RSV-associated bronchiolitis in infants. For this purpose, the levels of melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 (MDA-5), retinoic acid inducible gene-1 (RIG-1), and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3), TLR-7, TLR-8, and TLR-9 mRNAs were evaluated, using TaqMan quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, in cells from nasopharyngeal washes collected from 157 infants suffering from acute bronchiolitis whether or not they were associated with respiratory viruses. High interindividual variability was observed in both virus-positive and -negative infants; however, the relative gene expression levels of MDA-5, RIG-1, TLR-7, and TLR-8 were significantly higher in the virus-infected group, whereas the expression levels of TLR-3 and TLR-9 were not significantly different. The differences in the gene expression of MDA-5, RIG-1, TLR-7, and TLR-8 were more evident in infants with RSV infection than in those with bocavirus or rhinovirus infection. In RSV-infected infants, PRR-mRNA levels also were analyzed in relation to interferon protein levels, viral load, clinical severity, days of hospitalization, age, and body weight. A significant positive correlation was observed only between RSV viral load and RIG-1 mRNA levels. These findings provide the first direct evidence that, in infants with respiratory virus-associated bronchiolitis, especially RSV, there are substantial changes in PRR gene expression; this likely is an important determinant of the clinical outcome of bronchiolitis.

scholarly journals Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Rossi ◽  
Andrew A. Colin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Allergic Sensitisation ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syncytial Virus

There is evidence that respiratory viruses play a key role in the development and exacerbation of obstructive respiratory diseases in children. This review attempts to juxtapose the separate profiles and prototypes of pathogenenetic mechanisms represented by the two most common amongst such viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV).RSV represents the most common agent of severe airway disease in infants and young children, and is predominant in winter months. Large epidemiological studies have revealed an unequivocal relationship between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing into childhood, thought to be related to long-term changes in neuroimmune control of the airways rather than allergic sensitisation.HRV is a highly diverse group of viruses that affect subjects of all ages, is ubiquitous and occurs year-round. In contrast to RSV, infections with HRV cause minimal cytotoxicity but induce a rapid production of cytokines and chemokines with amplification of the inflammatory response. The susceptibility to HRV-induced bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing appears to be linked to individual predisposition since it is often associated with a family or personal history of asthma/atopy.Thus, RSV probably serves as an “inducer” rather than a “trigger”. Conversely, HRVs seem to serve as a “trigger” rather than an “inducer” in predisposed individuals.

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