scholarly journals Imaging Assessment of the Postoperative Spine: An Updated Pictorial Review of Selected Complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Roberto Corona-Cedillo ◽  
Melanie-Tessa Saavedra-Navarrete ◽  
Juan-Jose Espinoza-Garcia ◽  
Alexela-Nerey Mendoza-Aguilar ◽  
Sergey K. Ternovoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Adjacent Segment ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Spine Infection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Surgical Implants ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Spine Imaging ◽  
Postoperative Spine

Imaging of the postoperative spine requires the identification of several critical points by the radiologist to be written in the medical report: condition of the underlying cortical and cancellous bone, intervertebral disc, and musculoskeletal tissues; location and integrity of surgical implants; evaluation of the success of decompression procedures; delineation of fusion status; and identification of complications. This article presents a pictorial narrative review of the most common findings observed in noninstrumented and instrumented postoperative spines. Complications in the noninstrumented spine were grouped in early (hematomas, pseudomeningocele, and postoperative spine infection) and late findings (arachnoiditis, radiculitis, recurrent disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and textiloma). Complications in the instrumented spine were also sorted in early (hardware fractures) and late findings (adjacent segment disease, hardware loosening, and implant migration). This review also includes a short description of the most used diagnostic techniques in postoperative spine imaging: plain radiography, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and nuclear medicine. Imaging of the postoperative spine remained a challenging task in the early identification of complications and abnormal healing process. It is crucial to consider the advantages and disadvantages of the imaging modalities to choose those that provide more accurate spinal status information during the follow-up. Our review is directed to all health professionals dealing with the assessment and care of the postoperative spine.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus: Laboratory and Point-of-Care Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-539
Author(s):  
Peuli Nath ◽  
Md Alamgir Kabir ◽  
Somaiyeh Khoubafarin Doust ◽  
Aniruddha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Simplex Virus

Herpes is a widespread viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) that has no permanent cure to date. There are two subtypes, HSV-1 and HSV-2, that are known to cause a variety of symptoms, ranging from acute to chronic. HSV is highly contagious and can be transmitted via any type of physical contact. Additionally, viral shedding can also happen from asymptomatic infections. Thus, early and accurate detection of HSV is needed to prevent the transmission of this infection. Herpes can be diagnosed in two ways, by either detecting the presence of the virus in lesions or the antibodies in the blood. Different detection techniques are available based on both laboratory and point of care (POC) devices. Laboratory techniques include different biochemical assays, microscopy, and nucleic acid amplification. In contrast, POC techniques include microfluidics-based tests that enable on-spot testing. Here, we aim to review the different diagnostic techniques, both laboratory-based and POC, their limits of detection, sensitivity, and specificity, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Vancomycin microspheres reduce postoperative spine infection in an in vivo rabbit model

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Jun Fang ◽  
Baoshan Xu ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Spine Infection ◽  
Postoperative Spine

Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System: A Pictorial Review

Neurographics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
B. Rao ◽  
I. Ikuta ◽  
A. Mahajan ◽  
A.A. Karam ◽  
V.M. Zohrabian
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Data System ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Brain

Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that are a source of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Primary gliomas constitute almost all malignant brain tumors, with the most aggressive as well as most common form in adults, grade IV glioma or glioblastoma multiforme, carrying an especially poor prognosis. Neuroimaging is critical not only in the identification of CNS tumor but also in treatment-planning and assessing the response to therapy. Structured reporting continues to gain traction in radiology by reducing report ambiguity and improving consistency, while keeping referring clinicians and patients informed. The Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) is a relatively new paradigm that attempts to simplify and maximize consistency in radiologic reporting. BT-RADS incorporates MR imaging features, clinical assessment, and timing of therapy to assign each study a score or category, which is, in turn, linked to a management suggestion. The purpose of this pictorial review article is to familiarize radiologists and nonradiology neurologic specialists alike with BT-RADS, highlighting both advantages and limitations, in the hope that adoption of this system might ultimately facilitate more effective communication and improve consistency among reports.Learning Objective: To describe the features and underscore the advantages and disadvantages of the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS), a relatively new classification system that attempts to simplify and maximize consistency in radiologic reporting

What is the Sense of Life, and How Can We Study It? Review of the monograph: Sources of the sense of life. A new method of personality psychodiagnostics, by K.V Karpinskij

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
V.A. Mazilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
New Method ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Diagnostic Research ◽  
Diagnostic Complex

The article is a review of the book "Sources of the meaning of life: a new method of personality psychodiagnostics" by the Belarusian psychologist K.V. Karpinskij. It is argued that the meaning of life became the subject of special psychological research only in the 20th century. In recent years, there have been many breakthroughs in this area, and undoubted progress is visible. There was a transition to the interpretation of the meaning of life as a systemic, that means, in other words, multicomponent and multilevel mental education. In his previous works K.V. Karpinskij subjected the problem of the psychology of the meaning of life to a comprehensive analysis. This book has no analogues among the observable thematic literature and contains new theoretical ideas, original methodological solutions and rich factual material, which together form a new look at the key methodological issues of the psychology of the meaning of life. First of all, this is a question about the subject and method of research. Despite the fact that the study of the psychology of the meaning of life is largely represented in foreign psychology, the author of the monograph consistently adheres to the methodology of Russian psychology. The book offers the author's methodology "Sources of the meaning of life", which was created with a full understanding of the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and limitations of existing foreign analogues. Being a diagnostic complex in its composition, this technique has incorporated proven diagnostic techniques, as well as completely new techniques for studying the meaning of life. The methodology clearly surpasses the existing tools in its diagnostic (research) capabilities.

scholarly journals Application of an Expandable Cage for Reconstruction of the Cervical Spine in a Consecutive Series of Eighty-Six Patients

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Mirza Pojskic ◽  
Benjamin Saβ ◽  
Christopher Nimsky ◽  
Barbara Carl
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Column ◽  
Adjacent Segment ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Radiographic Analysis ◽  
Hardware Failure ◽  
Expandable Cage ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Canal Stenosis ◽  
Dorsal Stabilization ◽  
Pain Symptoms

Background and objectives: Expandable cages are frequently used to reconstruct the anterior spinal column after a corpectomy. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the perioperative advantages and disadvantages of corpectomy reconstruction with an expandable cage. Materials and Methods: Eighty-six patients (45 male and 41 female patients, medium age of 61.3 years) were treated with an expandable titanium cage for a variety of indications from January 2012 to December 2019 and analyzed retrospectively. The mean follow-up was 30.7 months. Outcome was measured by clinical examination and visual analogue scale (VAS); myelopathy was classified according to the EMS (European Myelopathy Scale) and gait disturbances with the Nurick score. Radiographic analysis comprised measurement of fusion, subsidence and the C2–C7 angle. Results: Indications included spinal canal stenosis with myelopathy (46 or 53.5%), metastasis (24 or 27.9%), spondylodiscitis (12 or 14%), and fracture (4 or 4.6%). In 39 patients (45.3%), additional dorsal stabilization (360° fusion) was performed. In 13 patients, hardware failure occurred, and in 8 patients, adjacent segment disease occurred. Improvement of pain symptoms, myelopathy, and gait following surgery were statistically significant (p < 0.05), with a medium preoperative VAS of 8, a postoperative score of 3.2, and medium EMS scores of 11.3 preoperatively vs. 14.3 postoperatively. Radiographic analysis showed successful fusion in 74 patients (86%). As shown in previous studies, correction of the C2–C7 angle did not correlate with improvement of neurological symptoms. Conclusion: Our results show that expandable titanium cages are a safe and useful tool in anterior cervical corpectomies for providing adequate anterior column support and stability.

scholarly journals Pressure ulcers: Current understanding and newer modalities of treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (01) ◽  
pp. 004-016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surajit Bhattacharya ◽  
R. K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Wound Debridement ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTThis article reviews the mechanism, symptoms, causes, severity, diagnosis, prevention and present recommendations for surgical as well as non-surgical management of pressure ulcers. Particular focus has been placed on the current understandings and the newer modalities for the treatment of pressure ulcers. The paper also covers the role of nutrition and pressure-release devices such as cushions and mattresses as a part of the treatment algorithm for preventing and quick healing process of these wounds. Pressure ulcers develop primarily from pressure and shear; are progressive in nature and most frequently found in bedridden, chair bound or immobile people. They often develop in people who have been hospitalised for a long time generally for a different problem and increase the overall time as well as cost of hospitalisation that have detrimental effects on patient’s quality of life. Loss of sensation compounds the problem manifold, and failure of reactive hyperaemia cycle of the pressure prone area remains the most important aetiopathology. Pressure ulcers are largely preventable in nature, and their management depends on their severity. The available literature about severity of pressure ulcers, their classification and medical care protocols have been described in this paper. The present treatment options include various approaches of cleaning the wound, debridement, optimised dressings, role of antibiotics and reconstructive surgery. The newer treatment options such as negative pressure wound therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, cell therapy have been discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of current and newer methods have also been described.

scholarly journals Neurosurgery (Spine)

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S48-S48
Author(s):  
MF Shamji ◽  
C Mohanty ◽  
EM Massicotte ◽  
MG Fehlings
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Adjacent Segment ◽  
Spinal Alignment ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Neurological Improvement ◽  
Spine Imaging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Objective: The impact of spinal alignment on neurological recovery among myelopathy patients has not been thoroughly investigated. This study evaluated the impact of sagittal cervical alignment on neurological recovery in a prospective surgical series of myelopathy patients. Methods: Prospective data was analyzed from surgical CSM patients at a tertiary-care neurosurgical centre. Demographic data and clinical preoperative and postoperative measures of neurological disability (mJOA, Nurick, NDI scores) were analyzed for dependency on cervical spine imaging parameters. Results: Among 124 CSM patients, 34% exhibited kyphotic alignment. Surgical intervention was more frequently anterior or combined anterior/posterior among this group than those with preserved lordosis. Most patients exhibited postoperative neurological improvement for myelopathy severity, however the extent of this improvement was dichotomous based on preoperative sagittal alignment. Improvement was greater among patients with preoperative lordosis (ΔmJOA of 3.1) than those with preoperative kyphosis (ΔmJOA of 1.4, p=0.02). Surgical correction of spinal malalignment did not provide for heightened neurological recovery, although whether it protects against symptomatic adjacent segment disease is unclear. Conclusion: Most CSM patients showed postoperative neurological improvement. Patients with preoperative lordotic alignment exhibited greater improvement than those with preoperative kyphotic alignment. Neither correction of the spinal alignment nor surgical approach in this series specifically affected the extent of neurological recovery.

scholarly journals Harmonic Load Diagnostic Techniques and Methodologies: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
A.S. Hussin ◽  
A.R. Abdullah ◽  
M.H. Jopri ◽  
T Sutikno ◽  
N.M. Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Harmonic Load ◽  
Computing Technique ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Harmonic Signals ◽  
Identification Techniques

<p>This paper will review on the existing techniques and methodologies of harmonic load diagnostic system. The increasingly amount of harmonic producing load used in power system are the main contribution in quantifying each harmonic disturbance effects of the multiple harmonic producing loads and it became very important. Literature proposes two different techniques and methods on the harmonic source identification under the soft computing technique classification. The advantages and disadvantages of harmonic load identification techniques and methods are discussed in this paper. In the proposed method, the issue on the harmonic contribution is determine and transformed to a data correlation analysis. Several techniques to identify the sources of harmonic signals in electric power systems are described and reviewed based on previous paper. Comparative studies of the methods are also done to evaluate the performance of each techniques. However, without sufficient information in this inconsistent environment on the property of the power system, accurate harmonic producing load diagnosis methods are important and further investigations in this regard assumes great implication.</p>

scholarly journals An Overview of the Molecular Methods in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trained Staff

Gastrointestinal infectious diseases are very common worldwide and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in infants in developing countries. Diarrhea and other intestinal infections are caused by a wide range of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites. Conventional diagnosis of these infections is performed by culture, microscopy, and antigen detection immunoassays. The traditional culture and microscopy procedures are time-consuming, lack sensitivity, and require special laboratory setup and well-trained staff. However, based on the advancement in the molecular diagnostics and with the introduction of commercially available tests, traditional diagnostic techniques have been continuously replaced by these newer rapid antigen detection and molecular-based methods. This review summarizes and discusses the availability, advantages, and disadvantages of molecular methods in the detection and identification of human gastrointestinal pathogens.

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