Erythrocytes and Skeletal Muscle Unsaturated and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Are Positively Correlated after Caloric Restriction and Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Martorell ◽  
Victoria Pons ◽  
Joan Carles Domingo ◽  
Xavier Capó ◽  
Antoni Sureda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Omega 6

Background: Nutritional intervention studies with fatty acid (FA) supplements assess the efficacy of the intervention by measuring the changes in erythrocyte membrane lipid profiles reflected in tissue composition changes. The aim was to determine the effects of caloric restriction (CR) on erythrocytes lipid composition and to compare and correlate these changes with skeletal muscle acid profiles after CR. Methods: Erythrocytes were obtained from 11 healthy men before and after 4 weeks of 33% CR in post-exercise conditions; muscle biopsies were obtained from the same athletes after 4 weeks of 33% CR in post-exercise conditions. Samples were used for FA determination by chromatography. Results: CR significantly modified erythrocyte FAs composition. Skeletal muscle FA profile was significantly different from that for the erythrocytes. The erythrocyte FA profile was more saturated (52.1 ± 1.5% and 32.8 ± 0.9%, respectively) and less monounsaturated (21.0 ± 0.8% and 39.0 ± 2.0%, respectively) than the skeletal muscle FA profile and similarly polyunsaturated. Conclusions: CR modifies erythrocyte lipid composition, mainly omega-6 FAs. Erythrocyte monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and omega-6 FAs, but not the saturated and omega-3 FAs, were significantly positively correlated with skeletal muscle FAs. There is a discordance between saturated and omega-3 FAs from erythrocyte and from muscle, but monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and omega-6 fatty acids are positively correlated.

Suplementação de Ácidos Graxos Poli-insaturados de cadeia longa durante a gestação e fatores associados ao desenvolvimento infantil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e5736
Author(s):  
Tanuzy de Almeida Souza ◽  
Leila Magda Rodrigues Almeida ◽  
Cinthia Soares Lisboa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
3 Omega ◽  
Long Chain

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever os benefícios do consumo dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados durante a gestação e fatores associados no desenvolvimento infantil. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, a partir da análise de artigos científicos indexados nas bases de dados MedLine, Scielo, Science Direct e Google acadêmico, com recorte temporal de dez anos (2010-2020). Os descritores utilizados foram: ácido graxopoli-insaturados de cadeia longa; ômega 3; ômega 6; gestante e lactente, no idioma português e inglês, com o auxílio do operador boleano “AND”. Os resultados da pesquisa, após os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, obtiveram um total de 12 artigos. Os estudos demonstraram que os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados de cadeia longa (LCPUFA), tais como os das séries ômega 3 e ômega 6, em especial ácido docosahexaenóico e ácido eicosapentaenóico são fundamentais para o crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil, e tem função primordial na formação e no funcionamento do sistema nervoso central e da retina, e melhora do peso ao nascer. Além disso, os LCPUFA atuam nas gestantes reduzindo riscos de prematuridade, possui função antiinflamatória e antioxidante, reduz o estresse oxidativo, e controla os sintomas depressivos pré e pós-gestação. Conduto, são necessários mais estudos que abordem as quantidades adequadas para o período gestacional favorável à saúde materno-infantil.AbstractThis study aims to describe the benefits of consuming polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and the associated factors in child development. This is an integrative bibliographic review, based on the analysis of scientific articles indexed in the MedLine, Scielo, Science Direct and Google academic databases, with a ten-year period (2010-2020). The descriptors used were: Long chain fatty polyunsaturated acid; Omega 3; Omega 6; pregnant woman and infant in Portuguese and English, with the assistance of the Boolean operator “AND”. The results of the research, after the inclusion and exclusion criteria, obtained a total of 12 articles. Studies have shown that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), such as those from the omega 3 and omega 6 series, especially docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, are essential for child growth and development, and have a primary role in the formation and in the functioning of the central nervous system and the retina and improves birth weight. In addition, in pregnant women it works by reducing the risk of prematurity. The LCPUFA have an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant function, reduce oxidative stress, and control depressive symptoms before and after pregnancy. However, further studies are needed to address the appropriate quantities for the gestational period favorable to the mother-child health.Keywords: Polyunsaturated fatty acid; Omega 3; Omega 6; Pregnant; Infant.ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio es describir los beneficios de consumir ácidos grasos poliinsaturados durante el embarazo y los factores asociados en el desarrollo infantil. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, basada en el análisis de artículos científicos indexados en las bases de datos académicas MedLine, Scielo, Science Direct y Google, con un período de diez años (2010-2020). Los descriptores utilizados fueron: ácido graso poliinsaturado de cadena larga; omega 3; omega 6; embarazada y lactante, en portugués e inglés, con la ayuda del operador booleano “AND”. Los resultados de la investigación, luego de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, obtuvieron un total de 12 artículos. Los estudios han demostrado que los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga (AGPICL), como los de las series omega 3 y omega 6, especialmente el ácido docosahexaenoico y el ácido eicosapentaenoico, son esenciales para el crecimiento y desarrollo infantil y tienen un papel principal en la formación y en el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso central y la retina, y mejora del peso al nacer. Además, los AGPICL actúan en mujeres embarazadas reduciendo el riesgo de prematurez, tienen una función antiinflamatoria y antioxidante, reducen el estrés oxidativo y controlan los síntomas depresivos antes y después del embarazo. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para abordar las cantidades apropiadas para el período gestacional favorable a la salud de la madre y su hijo.Palabras Clave: Ácido graso poliinsaturado; Omega 3; Omega 6; Embarazada; Infante.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary fat on the lipid composition of rat brain synaptosomal and microsomal membranes

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Foot ◽  
T F Cruz ◽  
M T Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Microsomal Membrane ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Microsomal Membranes

The modulation of rat brain microsomal and synaptosomal membrane lipid by diet fat was examined. Brain synaptosomal and microsomal membrane composition was compared for rats fed on diets containing either soya-bean oil (SBO), SBO plus choline, SBO lecithin, sunflower oil (SFO), chow or low-erucic acid rape-seed oil (LER) for 24 days. Cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine levels in both membranes were altered by diet. Diet fat also affected the microsomal content of sphingomyelin. Change in membrane phosphatidylcholine level was related to the relative balance of omega-6, omega-3 and monounsaturated fatty acids within the diets fed. The highest phosphatidylcholine levels appeared in membranes of animals fed on SBO lecithin and the lowest in those fed on LER. Microsomal membrane cholesterol and sphingomyelin content increased by feeding on SBO lecithin. In both synaptosomal and microsomal membranes a highly significant correlation was observed between membrane phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol content. The fatty acyl composition of phospholipids from both membranes also altered with diet and age. Alteration in fatty acid composition was observed in response to dietary levels of omega-6, omega-3 and monounsaturated fatty acids, but the unsaturation index of each phospholipid remained constant for all diet treatments. These changes in lipid composition suggest that dietary fat may be a significant modulator in vivo of the physicobiochemical properties of brain synaptosomal and microsomal membranes.

scholarly journals Dietary α-linolenic acid supplementation alters skeletal muscle plasma membrane lipid composition, sarcolemmal FAT/CD36 abundance, and palmitate transport rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. R1234-R1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane Chorner ◽  
Pierre-Andre Barbeau ◽  
Laura Castellani ◽  
David C. Wright ◽  
Adrian Chabowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
Plasma Membrane Lipid

The cellular processes influenced by consuming polyunsaturated fatty acids remains poorly defined. Within skeletal muscle, a rate-limiting step in fatty acid oxidation is the movement of lipids across the sarcolemmal membrane, and therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of consuming flaxseed oil high in α-linolenic acid (ALA), on plasma membrane lipid composition and the capacity to transport palmitate. Rats fed a diet supplemented with ALA (10%) displayed marked increases in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) within whole muscle and sarcolemmal membranes (approximately five-fold), at the apparent expense of arachidonic acid (−50%). These changes coincided with increased sarcolemmal palmitate transport rates (+20%), plasma membrane fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36; +20%) abundance, skeletal muscle triacylglycerol content (approximately twofold), and rates of whole body fat oxidation (~50%). The redistribution of FAT/CD36 to the plasma membrane could not be explained by increased phosphorylation of signaling pathways implicated in regulating FAT/CD36 trafficking events (i.e., phosphorylation of ERK1/2, CaMKII, AMPK, and Akt), suggesting the increased n-3 PUFA composition of the plasma membrane influenced FAT/CD36 accumulation. Altogether, the present data provide evidence that a diet supplemented with ALA increases the transport of lipids into resting skeletal muscle in conjunction with increased sarcolemmal n-3 PUFA and FAT/CD36 contents.

scholarly journals The Effect of Climate and Diet on Body Lipid Composition in the Oriental Hornet (Vespa orientalis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Volov ◽  
Nitzan Cohen ◽  
Levona Bodner ◽  
Shahar Dubiner ◽  
Abraham Hefetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Vespa Orientalis ◽  
Unsaturated Lipids ◽  
Oriental Hornet ◽  
Omega 6

Fatty acids (FA) are the primary metabolic fuel for many organisms and the fundamental component of membranes of all living organisms. FAs can be saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), or polyunsaturated (PUFA). PUFA are not synthesized by most animals and are considered as essential nutrients. We examined the effect of climate on the saturation level of polar (mostly membranal) and neutral lipids in the body of the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis) from two extreme climatic zones: Mediterranean high elevation; and hot arid desert. In contrast to previous reports, the environmental temperature was shown to affect the hornet colonies’ thermal environments. The hornets nonetheless maintained their colony temperature within a narrow range. Analyses of the hornets’ unsaturation levels of polar and non-polar body lipids revealed caste differences: gynes and males contained less unsaturated lipids than workers. However, there were no differences in the respective castes between the two different climate zones tested. Experimentally manipulating the diet of queenless hornet colonies to a high Omega-3 diet (salmon) or a high Omega-6 diet (crickets) had only a minor effect on the worker-born males’ lipid composition. Although salmon-fed males had a higher Omega-3 content than cricket-fed ones, the proportion of these fatty acids was still low (below 1%). Cricket-fed males had significantly higher levels of Omega-6 than salmon-fed males. Our data show that the specific lipid composition of the hornet body is highly regulated and deficient in essential PUFA, even under different climates or high Omega-3 or Omega-6 PUFA diet. PUFA, especially Omega-3, is considered to have a beneficial effect on physiological processes. Our finding that these FA, when common in the diet, are almost absent in the body raises questions about how they affect animals’ physiology.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

scholarly journals Anti-Platelet Properties of Apple Must/Skin Yeasts and of Their Fermented Apple Cider Products

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Donal Moran ◽  
Mary Fleming ◽  
Eimear Daly ◽  
Natasha Gaughan ◽  
Ioannis Zabetakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Human Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Alcoholic beverages like apple cider are considered functional beverages with several health benefits, when consumed in moderation, which are mainly attributed to their microbiota and the plethora of their bioactive compounds. Among them, bio-functional polar lipids (PL) have recently been found in apple cider, which despite low quantities, have exhibited strong anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties, while fermentation seems to affect the functionality of apple cider’s PL bioactives. The aim of the present study was to elaborate yeast strains isolated from the complex mixtures of apple surface and must yeasts for evaluating their effects on the anti-platelet functional properties of PL bioactives from their final fermented apple cider products. First, bio-functional PL were extracted and separated from the biomass of the different isolated apple surface/must yeast strains, and were further assessed for their anti-platelet potency against human platelet aggregation induced by the potent inflammatory and thrombotic mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF), or by a classic platelet agonist like adenosine diphopshate (ADP). Novel functional apple ciders were then produced from the fermentation of apple juice by elaborating the most bioactive and resilient yeast strains isolated from the apple must with optimum fermentation properties. PL bioactives extracted from these novel apple cider products were also further assessed for their anti-platelet properties against both the PAF and ADP pathways of human platelet aggregation. These novel cider products were found to contain PL bioactives with lower IC50 values (~40 μg) and thus increased anti-platelet potency against platelet aggregation induced by PAF and ADP. GC-MS analysis of the PL bioactives extracted from these novel apple ciders showed that apple cider PL bioactives are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as the omega-6 linoleic acid (LA) and the omega-3 alpha linolenic acid (ALA), with favorably lower levels for their omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio, which further support the observed strong anti-platelet properties putative anti-inflammatory potency for the apple cider PL bioactives. However, further studies are needed in order to elucidate and fully characterize the apple yeast strains that can be utilized for increasing the anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet and cardioprotective functional properties of their fermented apple cider products.

scholarly journals Circulating and Dietary Omega‐3 and Omega‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Incidence of CVD in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto ◽  
Jason H. Y. Wu ◽  
Ana Baylin ◽  
Dhananjay Vaidya ◽  
Stephen S. Rich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Omega 6
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