scholarly journals Association of FTO rs9939609 with Obesity in the Kuwaiti Population: A Public Health Concern?

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Al-Serri ◽  
Suzanne A. Al-Bustan ◽  
Maisa Kamkar ◽  
Daisy  Thomas ◽  
Osama Alsmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Fto Gene ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fto Rs9939609 ◽  
Kuwaiti Population

Objective: To investigate the effect of the common fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphism rs9939609 on body mass index (BMI) in one of the most obese populations worldwide. Subjects and Methods: Genotypic data for FTO rs9939609 were available for 1,034 unrelated Kuwaiti adults obtained from Kuwait’s Dasman Diabetes Institute and Kuwait University. The association between the FTO polymorphism with BMI as continuous and categorical (normal BMI [< 25] vs. overweight/obese [> 25]) variables was analyzed using both linear and logistic regression models, respectively, with the assumption of both dominant and additive genetic models performed using the SNPassoc package from R statistics. Results: The A allele was associated with increased BMI (β = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.16–2.26; p = 0.023). In concordance, the categorical BMI (normal vs. overweight/obese) also showed a significant association between the A allele and overweight/obesity (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.01–2.12; p = 0.041). However, no association between the FTO variant was observed with cardiometabolic traits. Conclusion: We observed an association between the common FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and increased BMI (overweight/obesity) in Kuwaiti adults, which is consistent with previous research in other populations. Our findings encourage further investigation of genetic variants to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the development of obesity in such an obesogenic population.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

scholarly journals Association of ADH1B polymorphism and alcohol consumption with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Oswald Ndi Nfor ◽  
Chien-Chang Ho ◽  
Shu-Yi Hsu ◽  
Disline Manli Tantoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption is one of the modifiable risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage, which accounts for approximately 10–20% of all strokes worldwide. We evaluated the association of stroke with genetic polymorphisms in the alcohol metabolizing genes, alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B, rs1229984) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2, rs671) genes based on alcohol consumption. Methods Data were available for 19,500 Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants. We used logistic regression models to test for associations between genetic variants and stroke. Overall, there were 890 individuals with ischemic stroke, 70 with hemorrhagic stroke, and 16,837 control individuals. Participants with ischemic but not hemorrhagic stroke were older than their control individuals (mean  ±  SE, 58.47 ± 8.17 vs. 48.33 ± 10.90 years, p  <  0.0001). ALDH2 rs671 was not associated with either hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke among alcohol drinkers. However, the risk of developing hemorrhagic stroke was significantly higher among ADH1B rs1229984 TC  +  CC individuals who drank alcohol (odds ratio (OR), 4.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92–12.21). We found that the test for interaction was significant for alcohol exposure and rs1229984 genotypes (p for interaction  =  0.016). Stratification by alcohol exposure and ADH1B rs1229984 genotypes showed that the risk of developing hemorrhagic stroke remained significantly higher among alcohol drinkers with TC  +  CC genotype relative to those with the TT genotype (OR, 4.43, 95% CI 1.19–16.52). Conclusions Our study suggests that the ADH1B rs1229984 TC  +  CC genotype and alcohol exposure of at least 150 ml/week may increase the risk of developing hemorrhagic stroke among Taiwanese adults.

Identifying the causative proteins of similar side effect pairs to explore the common molecular basis of these side effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2060-2067
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Wang ◽  
Xiujie Chen ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Yuelong Chen ◽  
Hongzhe Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Common ◽  
Development Failure ◽  
Common Molecular Basis

Drug side effects, or adverse drug reactions (ADRs), have become a major public health concern and often cause drug development failure and withdrawal.

scholarly journals PathoClock and PhysioClock in mice recapitulate human multimorbidity and heterogeneous aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Shabnam Salimi ◽  
◽  
Christina Pettan-Brewer ◽  
Warren Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Aging Intervention ◽  
Body Organ ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Background: Multimorbidity is a public health concern and an essential component of aging and healthspan but understudied because investigative tools are lacking that can be translatable to capture similarities and differences of the aging process across species and variability between individuals and individual organs. Methods: To help address this need, body organ disease number (BODN) borrowed from human studies was applied to C57BL/6 (B6) and CB6F1 mouse strains at 8, 16, 24, and 32 months of age, as a measure of systems morbidity based on pathology lesions to develop a mouse PathoClock resembling clinically-based Body Clock in humans, using Bayesian inference. A mouse PhysioClock was also developed based on measures of physiological domains including cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and cognitive function in the same two mouse strains so that alignment with BODN was predictable. Results: Between- and within-age variabilities in PathoClock and PhysioClock, as well as between-strain variabilities. Both PathoClock and PhysioClock correlated with chronological age more strongly in CB6F1 than C57BL/6. Prediction models were then developed, designated as PathoAge and PhysioAge, using regression models of pathology and physiology measures on chronological age. PathoAge better predicted chronological age than PhysioAge as the predicted chronological and observed chronological age for PhysioAge were complex rather than linear. Conclusion: PathoClock and PhathoAge can be used to capture biological changes that predict BODN, a metric developed in humans, and compare multimorbidity across species. These mouse clocks are potential translational tools that could be used in aging intervention studies. Keywords: Multimorbidity, aging, pathology, physiology, pathoClock, physioClock, pathoAge, physioAge

scholarly journals Determinants and prevalence of relapse among patients with substance use disorders: case of Icyizere Psychotherapeutic Centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Kabisa ◽  
Emmanuel Biracyaza ◽  
Jean d’Amour Habagusenga ◽  
Aline Umubyeyi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Biological Parents

Abstract Background Relapse to substance use after successful detoxication and rehabilitation is a public health concern worldwide. Forty to sixty percent of persons in general relapsed after completing detoxication and rehabilitation treatments. Although substance use remains a burden in Rwanda, very little is known about relapse among people with substance use disorder (SUD). Hence, this study aimed to examine prevalence and the factors associated with relapse to substance use at Icyizere Psychotherapeutic Centre (IPC), Rwanda. Methods Retrospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 391 patients with SUD at IPC. Multiple logistic regression models using STATA version 13 were used to determine the factors associated with relapse among the patients with SUD. Results Majority (84.1 %) of the participants were males. More than half (54.1 %) of them were aged between 18 and 30 years with the age average of 33 years (SD = 11.9 years). The results showed a higher prevalence of relapse among patients with SUD (59.9 %). The multivariate analyses indicated that people with SUD living only with their mothers had a greater risk of relapse compared to those with both biological parents [OR = 1.9, 95 % CI (1.02–3.6), p = 0.04]. Patients that were hospitalized between one to three months were more likely (11.2 times) to relapse after treatments compared to those who spent more than three months in hospitalization [OR = 9.2, 95 % CI (1.1–77.6), p = 0.02]. Furthermore, people that used more than two substances had 1.5 greater risk to relapse than those who consumed one substance. Participants were more likely to relapse if they lived with their peers [OR = 2.4, 95 % CI: (1.2–7.8), p = 0.01] or if they lived in a family with conflicts [OR = 2.1, 95 % CI (1.05–9.7), p = 0.02]. Conclusions This study is conducted at one institution caring for patients with SUD. The prevalence was 59.9 %. Future studies are recommended to investigate the effectiveness of the existing relapse prevention programs in order to adjust prevention strategies.

scholarly journals The contribution of quota to the discards problem: a case study on the complexity of common megrim Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis discarding in the northern North Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1256-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Macdonald ◽  
I. R. Cleasby ◽  
C. H. Angus ◽  
C. T. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Common ◽  
Northern North Sea

Abstract The common megrim Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis is a commercially important, high-value flatfish species. From the early 2000s, discarding of common megrim in the northern North Sea has been widespread. In this study, we investigated temporal variation in megrim discarding in the mixed demersal fishery in the northern North Sea before, and following recent quota increases. Furthermore, logistic regression models were applied to investigate the effects of a range of explanatory factors on the probability of individual fish being discarded. Results indicate that discarding on the vessels sampled has declined from an average of 54% of the total common megrim catch in 2009 to 20% in 2012. The decrease in total discards was primarily a result of a decrease in the proportions of discards categorized by the crew as small within the catches from 0.39 (±0.02 s.e.) in 2009 to 0.10 (±0.01 s.e.) in 2012. Model outputs also suggest that the likelihood of a fish being discarded decreases significantly (p < 0.001) with increasing quota. The current megrim total allowable catch serves only to regulate landings and does little to regulate fishing mortality. Additionally, the proposed reform of the CFP, including the move towards a discards ban and the implementation of maximum sustainable yield, raises a number of concerns that need to be addressed if the northern North Sea mixed demersal fishery is to be managed sustainably and remain economically viable in the future.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis is Associated with an Increased Risk of Death

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Morris K. Rutakingirwa ◽  
Fiona V. Cresswell ◽  
Richard Kwizera ◽  
Kenneth Ssebambulidde ◽  
Enock Kagimu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease

Tuberculosis (TB) and cryptococcal meningitis are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in advanced HIV disease. Data are limited on TB co-infection among individuals with cryptococcal meningitis. We performed a retrospective analysis of HIV-infected participants with cryptococcal meningitis from 2010–2017. Baseline demographics were compared between three groups: ‘prevalent TB’ if TB treated >14 days prior to cryptococcal meningitis diagnosis, ‘concurrent TB’ if TB treated ± 14 days from diagnosis, or ‘No TB at baseline’. We used time-updated proportional-hazards regression models to assess TB diagnosis as a risk for death. Of 870 participants with cryptococcal meningitis, 50 (6%) had prevalent TB, 67 (8%) had concurrent TB, and 753 (86%) had no baseline TB. Among participants without baseline TB, 67 (9%) were diagnosed with incident TB (after >14 days), with a median time to TB incidence of 41 days (IQR, 22–69). The 18-week mortality was 50% (25/50) in prevalent TB, 46% (31/67) in concurrent TB, and 45% (341/753) in the no TB group (p = 0.81). However, TB co-infection was associated with an increased hazard of death (HR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.33–2.32; p < 0.001) in a time-updated model. TB is commonly diagnosed in cryptococcal meningitis, and the increased mortality associated with co-infection is a public health concern.

scholarly journals PathoClock and PhysioClock in mice recapitulate human multimorbidity and heterogeneous aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Salimi ◽  
Christina Pettan-Brewer ◽  
Warren Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Aging Intervention ◽  
Body Organ ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Multimorbidity is a public health concern and an essential component of aging and healthspan but understudied because investigative tools are lacking that can be translatable to capture similarities and differences of the aging process across species and variability between individuals and individual organs. To help address this need, body organ disease number (BODN) borrowed from human studies was applied to C57BL/6 (B6) and CB6F1 mouse strains at 8, 16, 24, and 32 months of age, as a measure of systems morbidity based on pathology lesions to develop a mouse PathoClock resembling clinically-based Body Clock in humans, using Bayesian inference. A mouse PhysioClock was also developed based on measures of physiological domains including cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and cognitive function in the same two mouse strains so that alignment with BODN was predictable. The results revealed between- and within-age variabilities in PathoClock and PhysioClock, as well as between-strain variabilities. Both PathoClock and PhysioClock correlated with chronological age more strongly in CB6F1 than C57BL/6. Prediction models were then developed, designated as PathoAge and PhysioAge, using regression models of pathology and physiology measures on chronological age. PathoAge better predicted chronological age than PhysioAge as the predicted chronological and observed chronological age for PhysioAge were complex rather than linear. In conclusion, PathoClock and PhathoAge can be used to capture biological changes that predict BODN, a metric developed in humans, and compare multimorbidity across species. These mouse clocks are potential translational tools that could be used in aging intervention studies.

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