scholarly journals Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtypes: New Names for Old Medical Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Grad  ◽  
Dan L. Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Rome Criteria ◽  
Conceptual Changes ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), also called disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Over the years, the definition and classification of IBS suffered several conceptual changes. The work of the Rome Committees has largely contributed to the progress in knowledge and awareness of IBS. This paper is an overview of the evolution of diagnosis and classification criteria of IBS. Background: The majority of the complaints causing presentation to the general gastroenterological centers are represented by FGID. IBS is the most frequent among them. IBS is not a uniform condition but includes an array of particular forms called subtypes. Criteria for the identification of the IBS subtypes have suffered several changes in parallel with the accumulation of scientific evidence about this disorder. Classification of IBS subtypes relies on symptoms. Summary: This is a review of the evolution of the criteria for diagnosis and classification of IBS subtypes. Starting with older names given to IBS, some changes in definition and diagnosis have been operated by each edition of the Rome criteria. These changes have led to the better identification of patients with IBS. The management of IBS depends on subtypes and should be individualized. Key Messages: IBS is the main FGID, called also DGBI. It is not a homogenous disorder but a generic name for an array of subtypes with common features but with clinical differences. The diagnosis and classification of IBS subtypes have evolved in time, in accordance with the progress of the knowledge on pathogenesis. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize the subtypes and to use a common nomenclature (that offered by the Rome Committees work).

scholarly journals Association between Self-Reported Gluten Avoidance and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Findings of the NutriNet-Santé Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4147
Author(s):  
Anouk Reuzé ◽  
Rosalie Delvert ◽  
Laëtitia Perrin ◽  
Robert Benamouzig ◽  
Jean-Marc Sabaté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Rome Iii ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Self-management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is increasingly focusing on exclusion diets. In particular; patients are showing a significant interest in the gluten-free diet for the treatment of IBS. However; the lack of scientific evidence prevents the establishment of clear dietary guidelines and attention is needed as dietary restriction can lead to potentially adverse effects. This cross-sectional study aims to explore the practice of gluten avoidance in participants identified with IBS in a large cohort of non-celiac French adults. The population included 15,103 participants of the NutriNet-Santé study who completed a functional gastrointestinal disorder questionnaire based on the Rome III criteria to identify IBS in 2013 and a food avoidance questionnaire in 2016. Data on diet and anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics were collected. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to compare the avoidance of gluten between IBS and non-IBS participants. Participants were mainly women (73.4%) and the mean age in this population was 55.8 ± 13.2 years. Among these individuals, 804 (5.4%) participants were identified as IBS cases. Among them, the prevalence of gluten avoidance was estimated at 14.8%, of which 3.0% reported total avoidance; versus 8.8% and 1.6% in non-IBS participants. After adjustments; gluten avoidance was higher in IBS participants compared to their non-IBS counterparts: (OR = 1.86; 95%CI = 1.21, 2.85) for total and (OR = 1.71; 95%CI = 1.36, 2.14) for partial avoidance. Participants identified with IBS were more associated with gluten avoidance than non-IBS participants. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term consequences of dietary interventions and to provide consistent dietary guidance connected to patient perception.

scholarly journals Bile Acids and Microbiome Among Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Volunteers

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Kendra J. Kamp ◽  
Kevin C. Cain ◽  
Angelita Utleg ◽  
Robert L. Burr ◽  
Daniel Raftery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
16 S Rrna

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. High bile acid (BA) profiles have been associated with abdominal pain symptoms, mucosal inflammation, and diarrhea in a subgroup of those with IBS. The purpose of this study was to compare: 1) fecal primary and secondary BAs in women with and without IBS; and 2) symptoms, gut microbiome, and diet between women with high and normal BAs (i.e., similar to healthy [HC] women). Women (ages 18–45) with IBS and HCs were recruited from healthcare providers or the community. Participants kept a 28-day symptom diary, completed a 3-day food journal, and collected a stool sample for microbiome analysis (16 S rRNA gene sequencing). Primary and secondary BA levels were determined by mass spectrometry. Primary BAs did not differ between IBS (n = 45) and HC (n = 28) groups; women with IBS had significantly increased conjugated secondary BAs (glycodeoxycholic acid [ p = 0.006], taurodeoxycholic acid [ p = 0.006], and glycolithocholic acid [ p = 0.01]). Sixty percent of women with IBS had normal BAs whereas 40% had high BAs. Women with high fecal BAs were predominantly IBS-Diarrhea or IBS-Mixed and consumed less fiber and vegetable protein and more animal protein compared to women with IBS whose fecal BAs levels were comparable to HCs. Those with high conjugated secondary fecal BAs also had a greater Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, less abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Gemmiger, and more abundance of family Erysipelotrichaceae compared to IBS women with normal BAs. Determination of fecal BA levels provides additional insights into pathophysiological links between diet and microbiome in IBS.

Irritable bowel syndrome and probiotics place in therapeutic strategies

Infectio ro ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Ștefan-Sorin Aramă
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Moment

Irritable bowel syndrome is a frequent digestive condition, with an unclear etiopathogeny. Very probably intestinal dysbiosis plays an important role. For the moment there are no guidelines for treatment. There is scientific evidence for several therapies: modification of diet, non-resorbable antibiotics (rifaximin-α) and probiotics. Giving probiotics after each antibiotic course (an association of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001) supplemented with vitamin B6 may be an optimal strategy.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Anti-Zein Antibodies: A Comparative Study between Celiac Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Sánchez-Vargas ◽  
Karina Guadalupe Hernández-Flores ◽  
Francisco Javier Cabrera-Jorge ◽  
José María Remes-Troche ◽  
Job Reyes-Huerta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Gliadin Peptides ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
First Time

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. In contrast, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting the large intestine, without an autoimmune component. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of IgA and IgG antibodies to maize zeins (AZA) in patients with CD and IBS. Using an in-house ELISA assay, the IgA and IgG anti-zein antibodies in the serum of 37 newly diagnosed CD (16 biopsy proved and 21 serological diagnosis) and 375 IBS patients or 302 healthy control (HC) subjects were measured. Elevated levels of IgA AZA were found in CD patients compared with IBS patients (p < 0.01) and HC (p < 0.05). CD patients had the highest prevalence (35.1%), followed by IBS (4.3%) and HCs (2.3%) (p < 0.0001). IgG AZA antibodies were not found in any CD patients, IBS patients, or HC subjects. A significant positive correlation was found between IgA AZA with IgA anti-gliadin (AGA, r = 0.34, p < 0.01) and IgA anti-deaminated gliadin peptides (DGP, r = 0.42, p < 0.001) in the celiac disease group. Taken together, our results show for the first time a higher prevalence of AZA IgA antibodies in newly diagnosed CD patients than in IBS patients, confirming a biased immune response to other gliadin-related prolamins such as maize zeins in genetically susceptible individuals.

scholarly journals Diarrhea Predominant-Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D): Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns on Intestinal Dysbiosis and Symptoms

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1506
Author(s):  
Annamaria Altomare ◽  
Claudia Di Rosa ◽  
Elena Imperia ◽  
Sara Emerenziani ◽  
Michele Cicala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Nutritional Advice ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Fodmap Diet

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. Gut microbiota, which acts as a real organ with well-defined functions, is in a mutualistic relationship with the host, harvesting additional energy and nutrients from the diet and protecting the host from pathogens; specific alterations in its composition seem to play a crucial role in IBS pathophysiology. It is well known that diet can significantly modulate the intestinal microbiota profile but it is less known how different nutritional approach effective in IBS patients, such as the low-FODMAP diet, could be responsible of intestinal microbiota changes, thus influencing the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The aim of this review was to explore the effects of different nutritional protocols (e.g., traditional nutritional advice, low-FODMAP diet, gluten-free diet, etc.) on IBS-D symptoms and on intestinal microbiota variations in both IBS-D patients and healthy subjects. To date, an ideal nutritional protocol does not exist for IBS-D patients but it seems crucial to consider the effect of the different nutritional approaches on the intestinal microbiota composition to better define an efficient strategy to manage this functional disorder.

scholarly journals Sex-Bias in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Linking Steroids to the Gut-Brain Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sik Yu So ◽  
Tor C. Savidge
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Disease Mechanism ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Nervous System Function ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Insight Into

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that is more common in females. Despite its high global incidence, the disease mechanism is still unclear and therapeutic options remain limited. The sexual dimorphism in IBS incidence suggests that sex steroids play a role in disease onset and symptoms severity. This review considers sex steroids and their involvement in IBS symptoms and the underlying disease mechanisms. Estrogens and androgens play important regulatory roles in IBS symptomology, including visceral sensitivity, gut motility and psychological conditions, possibly through modulating the gut-brain axis. Steroids are regulators of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity and autonomic nervous system function. They also modulate gut microbiota and enteric nervous systems, impacting serotonin and mast cell signaling. Sex steroids also facilitate bidirectional cross-talk between the microbiota and host following bacterial transformation and recycling of steroids by the intestine. The sex-specific interplay between sex steroids and the host provides neuroendocrinology insight into the pathophysiology, epigenetics and treatment of IBS patients.

scholarly journals Rational Use of Fecal Calprotectin in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Catanzaro ◽  
Alfio Maugeri ◽  
Morena Sciuto ◽  
Fang He ◽  
Baskar Balakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The gastrointestinal pathologies have increased over the last years. The clinical pictures of inflammatory and irritable bowel disease might overlap, leading to expensive and invasive tests. Our study aims to investigate fecal calprotectin as an effective tool for differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. Two hundred fifty-six patients with the diagnosis of the gastrointestinal disorder and subjected to colonoscopy were collected for the statistical analysis of fecal calprotectin. The differential diagnosis of intestinal inflammation or non-inflammation was performed according to the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve that outlines the Area Under Curve (AUC), Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp). Fecal calprotectin was significantly elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Especially, the mean values of fecal calprotectin were 522 g/g (IQR=215-975) and 21 g/g (IQR=14-34.5) in patients with and without inflammation, respectively (P<0.0001). AUC value of fecal calprotectin was 0.958 (Se=88.9%, Sp=91.1%, with a cut-off value of 50 g/g) for differentiating between inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Fecal calprotectin seems to be a non-invasive and inexpensive biomarker useful for the purpose of a differential diagnosis between inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome.

scholarly journals Probiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Fjeldheim Dale ◽  
Stella Hellgren Rasmussen ◽  
Özgün Ömer Asiller ◽  
Gülen Arslan Lied
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a frequent functional gastrointestinal disorder, and alterations in the gut microbiota composition contributes to symptom generation. The exact mechanisms of probiotics in the human body are not fully understood, but probiotic supplements are thought to improve IBS symptoms through manipulation of the gut microbiota. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the latest randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of probiotic supplementation on symptoms in IBS patients. A literature search was conducted in Medline (PubMed) until March 2019. RCTs published within the last five years evaluating effects of probiotic supplements on IBS symptoms were eligible. The search identified in total 35 studies, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Seven studies (63.6%) reported that supplementation with probiotics in IBS patients significantly improved symptoms compared to placebo, whereas the remaining four studies (36.4%) did not report any significant improvement in symptoms after probiotic supplementation. Of note, three studies evaluated the effect of a mono-strain supplement, whereas the remaining eight trials used a multi-strain probiotic. Overall, the beneficial effects were more distinct in the trials using multi-strain supplements with an intervention of 8 weeks or more, suggesting that multi-strain probiotics supplemented over a period of time have the potential to improve IBS symptoms.

scholarly journals Mast Cell Regulation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Effects of Food Components with Potential Nutraceutical Use

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4314 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Uranga ◽  
Vicente Martínez ◽  
Raquel Abalo
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Release Histamine ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Mast cells are key actors in inflammatory reactions. Upon activation, they release histamine, heparin and nerve growth factor, among many other mediators that modulate immune response and neuron sensitization. One important feature of mast cells is that their population is usually increased in animal models and biopsies from patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, mast cells and mast cell mediators are regarded as key components in IBS pathophysiology. IBS is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting the quality of life of up to 20% of the population worldwide. It is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, with heterogeneous phenotypes ranging from constipation to diarrhea, with a mixed subtype and even an unclassified form. Nutrient intake is one of the triggering factors of IBS. In this respect, certain components of the daily food, such as fatty acids, amino acids or plant-derived substances like flavonoids, have been described to modulate mast cells’ activity. In this review, we will focus on the effect of these molecules, either stimulatory or inhibitory, on mast cell degranulation, looking for a nutraceutical capable of decreasing IBS symptoms.

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