Effect of mupirocin for Staphylococcus aureus decolonization on the microbiome of the nose and throat in community and nursing home dwelling adults

Objective To characterize the microbial communities of the anterior nares (nose) and posterior pharynx (throat) of adults dwelling in the community and in nursing homes before and after treatment with intranasal mupirocin. Methods Staphylococcus aureus-colonized adults were recruited from the community (n = 25) and from nursing homes (n = 7). S. aureus colonization was confirmed using cultures. Participants had specimens taken from nose and throat for S. aureus quantitation using quantitative PCR for the nuc gene and bacterial profiling using 16S rRNA gene sequencing over 12 weeks. After two baseline study visits 4 weeks apart, participants received intranasal mupirocin for 5 days with 3 further visits over a 8 week follow-up period. Results We found a decrease in the absolute abundance of S. aureus in the nose for 8 weeks after mupirocin (1693 vs 141 fg/ul, p = 0.047). Mupirocin caused a statistically significant disruption in bacterial communities of the nose and throat after 1 week, which was no longer detected after 8 weeks. Bacterial community profiling demonstrated that there was a decrease in the relative abundance of S. aureus (8% vs 0.3%, p<0.01) 8 weeks after mupirocin and a transient decrease in the relative abundance of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the nose (21% vs 5%, p<0.01) 1 week after mupirocin. Conclusions Decolonization with mupirocin leads to a sustained effect on absolute and relative abundance of S. aureus but not for other bacteria in the nose. This demonstrates that a short course of mupirocin selectively decreases S. aureus in the nose for up to 8 weeks.

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Shifts in the Skin Microbiota after UVB Treatment in Adult Atopic Dermatitis

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000515236 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Astrid Haaskjold Lossius ◽

Olav Sundnes ◽

Anna Cäcilia Ingham ◽

Sofie Marie Edslev ◽

Jørgen Vildershøj Bjørnholt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Skin Microbiota ◽

Lesional Skin ◽

Before And After ◽

Nose And Throat

Background: The pathophysiology in atopic dermatitis (AD) is not fully understood, but immune dysfunction, skin barrier defects, and alterations of the skin microbiota are thought to play important roles. AD skin is frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and microbial diversity on lesional skin (LS) is reduced compared to on healthy skin. Treatment with narrow-band ultraviolet B (nb-UVB) leads to clinical improvement of the eczema and reduced abundance of S. aureus. However, in-depth knowledge of the temporal dynamics of the skin microbiota in AD in response to nb-UVB treatment is lacking and could provide important clues to decipher whether the microbial changes are primary drivers of the disease, or secondary to the inflammatory process. Objectives: To map the temporal shifts in the microbiota of the skin, nose, and throat in adult AD patients after nb-UVB treatment. Methods: Skin swabs were taken from lesional AD skin (n = 16) before and after 3 treatments of nb-UVB, and after 6–8 weeks of full-body treatment. We also obtained samples from non-lesional skin (NLS) and from the nose and throat. All samples were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: We observed shifts towards higher diversity in the microbiota of lesional AD skin after 6–8 weeks of treatment, while the microbiota of NLS and of the nose/throat remained unchanged. After only 3 treatments with nb-UVB, there were no significant changes in the microbiota. Conclusion: Nb-UVB induces changes in the skin microbiota towards higher diversity, but the microbiota of the nose and throat are not altered.

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Gut Microbiome in a Russian Cohort of Pre- and Post-Cholecystectomy Female Patients

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11040294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 294

Author(s):

Irina Grigor’eva ◽

Tatiana Romanova ◽

Natalia Naumova ◽

Tatiana Alikina ◽

Alexey Kuznetsov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Gallstone Disease ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Female Patients ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Before And After

The last decade saw extensive studies of the human gut microbiome and its relationship to specific diseases, including gallstone disease (GSD). The information about the gut microbiome in GSD-afflicted Russian patients is scarce, despite the increasing GSD incidence worldwide. Although the gut microbiota was described in some GSD cohorts, little is known regarding the gut microbiome before and after cholecystectomy (CCE). By using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we inventoried the fecal bacteriobiome composition and structure in GSD-afflicted females, seeking to reveal associations with age, BMI and some blood biochemistry. Overall, 11 bacterial phyla were identified, containing 916 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The fecal bacteriobiome was dominated by Firmicutes (66% relative abundance), followed by Bacteroidetes (19%), Actinobacteria (8%) and Proteobacteria (4%) phyla. Most (97%) of the OTUs were minor or rare species with ≤1% relative abundance. Prevotella and Enterocossus were linked to blood bilirubin. Some taxa had differential pre- and post-CCE abundance, despite the very short time (1–3 days) elapsed after CCE. The detailed description of the bacteriobiome in pre-CCE female patients suggests bacterial foci for further research to elucidate the gut microbiota and GSD relationship and has potentially important biological and medical implications regarding gut bacteria involvement in the increased GSD incidence rate in females.

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Gut microbiota markers associated with obesity and overweight in Italian adults

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84928-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa Palmas ◽

Silvia Pisanu ◽

Veronica Madau ◽

Emanuela Casula ◽

Andrea Deledda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Smoking Status ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Activity Level ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Illumina Platform ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the distinctive signatures of the gut microbiota (GM) from overweight/obese patients (OB), and normal-weight controls (NW), both of Sardinian origin. Fecal bacterial composition of 46 OB patients (BMI = 36.6 ± 6.0; F/M = 40/6) was analyzed and compared to that of 46 NW subjects (BMI = 21.6 ± 2.1; F/M = 41/5), matched for sex, age and smoking status, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on MiSeq Illumina platform. The gut microbial community of OB patients exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e. Flavobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Rikenella spp., Pedobacter spp., Parabacteroides spp., Bacteroides spp.) when compared to NW; instead, several Firmicutes taxa were significantly increased in the same subjects (Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Thermicanaceae, Gemella, Mitsuokella, Streptococcus, Acidaminococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Ruminococcus spp., Megamonas spp., Streptococcus, Thermicanus, Megasphaera spp. and Veillonella spp.). Correlation analysis indicated that body fatness and waist circumference negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes taxa, while Firmicutes taxa positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass and/or physical activity level. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, known to exhibit endotoxic activity, was increased in the OB group compared to NW. The results extend our knowledge on the GM profiles in Italian OB, identifying novel taxa linking obesity and intestine.

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Abstract 18: Gut Microbiome Modifies the Protective Effects of a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Against Diabetes Mellitus in US Hispanics/ Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dong Wang ◽

Qibin Qi ◽

Zheng Wang ◽

Mykhaylo Usyk ◽

Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Health Study ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Acid Fermentation ◽

Microbiome Composition

Introduction: Little is known about whether the effect of a healthy diet on diabetes mellitus (DM) is modified by the gut microbiome in human. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the gut microbiome modifies the inverse association between the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and risk of DM. Methods: This study included 543 DM cases, 805 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 394 with normal glucose regulation (NGR) in adults 23-83yrs old from the HCHS/SOL. Fecal samples were profiled using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. We applied QIIME 2 to cluster sequences into OTUs and assign taxonomies, and PICRUSt to predict metagenomic gene functions. Adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated by a MedDiet index using the average of two 24-hr dietary recalls. We applied MaAsLin2 to quantify associations between the MedDiet index and microbial features with adjustment for confounding factors listed in the caption of Fig. 1. Results: MedDiet was associated with phylogenetically diverse, rare, and abundant gut microbes (Fig. 1a). For example, a higher MedDiet index was associated with a higher relative abundance of Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii [FDR-adjusted p (q) =0.002], but a lower relative abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens ( q =0.009). We found that several microbial functions related to plant-derived polysaccharide degradation such as fructuronate reductase ( q =0.02), and short-chain fatty acid fermentation such as butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase ( q =0.002) were enriched in participants with higher MedDiet index. We found that the inverse association between MedDiet and risk of DM was more pronounced in participants with greater abundance of Prevotella copri , but weaker in participants whose gut microbial communities were dominated by Bacteroides ( P interaction =0.02 for IGT/DM vs NGR, Fig. 1b). Conclusions: Adherence to the MedDiet is associated with diverse gut microorganisms and microbial functions. The inverse association between MedDiet and risk of DM might be modified by gut microbiome composition. 1

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Early-Life Intake of an Isotonic Protein Drink Improves the Gut Microbial Profile of Piglets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10050879 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 879

Author(s):

Stefan G. Buzoianu ◽

Ava M. Firth ◽

CallaBria Putrino ◽

Fabio Vannucci

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

E Coli ◽

Microbial Profile ◽

Before And After ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

A healthy microbial community in the gut of piglets is critical to minimize the negative performance consequences associated with dietary and environmental changes that occur at weaning. Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink, is a potential alternative to balance the gut microbiota as it contains key ingredients for nourishing the small intestine. In the present study, 16 litters comprising 161 piglets were randomly allocated to a group to which Tonisity Px was provided from days 2 to 8 of age (TPX group) or to a control group, to which no Tonisity Px was provided. The TPX group also received Tonisity Px in the 3 days before and after weaning. At days 9, 17, and 30 of age, fecal and ileum samples were collected from piglets belonging to both groups and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, semiquantitative PCR of Rotavirus serogroups, and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Overall, Tonisity Px increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial populations (Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species) and reduced potentially pathogenic bacterial populations (E. coli and Prevotellaceae), in both the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods.

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Nuciferine modulates the gut microbiota and prevents obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats

Experimental & Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1038/s12276-020-00534-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (12) ◽

pp. 1959-1975

Author(s):

Yu Wang ◽

Weifan Yao ◽

Bo Li ◽

Shiyun Qian ◽

Binbin Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Low Grade ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractGut microbiota dysbiosis has a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity. Nuciferine (NUC) is a main bioactive component in the lotus leaf that has been used as food in China since ancient times. Here, we examined whether the anti-obesity effects of NUC are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. Using an obese rat model fed a HFD for 8 weeks, we show that NUC supplementation of HFD rats prevents weight gain, reduces fat accumulation, and ameliorates lipid metabolic disorders. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiota suggested that NUC changed the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in HFD-fed rats. In particular, NUC decreased the ratio of the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, the relative abundance of the LPS-producing genus Desulfovibrio and bacteria involved in lipid metabolism, whereas it increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria in HFD-fed rats. Predicted functional analysis of microbial communities showed that NUC modified genes involved in LPS biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. In addition, serum metabolomics analysis revealed that NUC effectively improved HFD-induced disorders of endogenous metabolism, especially lipid metabolism. Notably, NUC promoted SCFA production and enhanced intestinal integrity, leading to lower blood endotoxemia to reduce inflammation in HFD-fed rats. Together, the anti-obesity effects of NUC may be related to modulations in the composition and potential function of gut microbiota, improvement in intestinal barrier integrity and prevention of chronic low-grade inflammation. This research may provide support for the application of NUC in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

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Changes of Bacterial Communities in Response to Prolonged Hydrodynamic Disturbances in the Eutrophic Water-Sediment Systems

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16203868 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (20) ◽

pp. 3868

Author(s):

Haomiao Cheng ◽

Ling Cheng ◽

Liang Wang ◽

Tengyi Zhu ◽

Wei Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Evolutionary Trend ◽

Ecological Evaluation ◽

Eutrophic Water ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Opposite Tendency

The effects of hydrodynamic disturbances on the bacterial communities in eutrophic aquatic environments remain poorly understood, despite their importance to ecological evaluation and remediation. This study investigated the evolution of bacterial communities in the water–sediment systems under the influence of three typical velocity conditions with the timescale of 5 weeks. The results demonstrated that higher bacterial diversity and notable differences were detected in sediment compared to water using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The phyla Firmicutes and γ-Proteobacteria survived better in both water and sediment under stronger water disturbances. Their relative abundance peaked at 36.0%, 33.2% in water and 38.0%, 43.6% in sediment, respectively, while the phylum Actinobacteria in water had the opposite tendency. Its relative abundance grew rapidly in static control (SC) and peaked at 44.8%, and it almost disappeared in disturbance conditions. These phenomena were caused by the proliferation of genus Exiguobacterium (belonging to Firmicutes), Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas (belonging to γ-Proteobacteria), and hgcI_clade (belonging to Actinobacteria). The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and Venn analysis also revealed significantly different evolutionary trend in the three water-sediment systems. It was most likely caused by the changes of geochemical characteristics (dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients). This kind of study can provide helpful information for ecological assessment and remediation strategy in eutrophic aquatic environments.

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Effects of metformin, acarbose, and sitagliptin monotherapy on gut microbiota in Zucker diabetic fatty rats

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000717 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000717 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Minchun Zhang ◽

Rilu Feng ◽

Mei Yang ◽

Cheng Qian ◽

Zheng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Saline Control ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

ObjectiveRecent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota was closely related to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Oral antidiabetic medications including metformin, acarbose and sitagliptin lowered blood glucose levels via acting on the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the study was to observe the comparisons among those medications on gut microbiota composition.Research design and methodsZucker diabetic fatty rats (n=32) were randomly divided into four groups, and had respectively gastric administration of normal saline (control), metformin (215.15 mg/kg/day), acarbose (32.27 mg/kg/day), or sitagliptin (10.76 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Blood glucose levels were measured during an intragastric starch tolerance test after the treatments. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the microbiota in the fecal samples.ResultsMetformin, acarbose, and sitagliptin monotherapy effectively decreased fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels (p<0.001). Acarbose group displayed specific cluster and enterotype mainly composed byRuminococcus 2whileLactobacilluswas the dominant bacterium in the enterotype of the other three groups. The relative abundance of generaRuminococcus 2andBifidobacteriumwas dramatically higher in acarbose group. Metformin and sitagliptin increased the relative abundance of genus Lactobacillus. Metagenomic prediction showed that the functional profiles of carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in acarbose group.ConclusionsMetformin, acarbose and sitagliptin exerted different effects on the composition of gut microbiota and selectively increased the beneficial bacteria. Supplementation with specific probiotics may further improve the hypoglycemic effects of the antidiabetic drugs.

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Effect of Selected Stilbenoids on Human Fecal Microbiota

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24040744 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 744 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jose Jaimes ◽

Veronika Jarosova ◽

Ondrej Vesely ◽

Chahrazed Mekadim ◽

Jakub Mrazek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Genus Clostridium ◽

The Family ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

Dietary phenolics or polyphenols are mostly metabolized by the human gut microbiota. These metabolites appear to confer the beneficial health effects attributed to phenolics. Microbial composition affects the type of metabolites produced. Reciprocally, phenolics modulate microbial composition. Understanding this relationship could be used to positively impact health by phenolic supplementation and thus create favorable colonic conditions. This study explored the effect of six stilbenoids (batatasin III, oxyresveratrol, piceatannol, pinostilbene, resveratrol, thunalbene) on the gut microbiota composition. Stilbenoids were anaerobically fermented with fecal bacteria from four donors, samples were collected at 0 and 24 h, and effects on the microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical tests identified affected microbes at three taxonomic levels. Observed microbial composition modulation by stilbenoids included a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, a decrease in the relative abundance of strains from the genus Clostridium, and effects on the family Lachnospiraceae. A frequently observed effect was a further decrease of the relative abundance when compared to the control. An opposite effect to the control was observed for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whose relative abundance increased. Observed effects were more frequently attributed to resveratrol and piceatannol, followed by thunalbene and batatasin III.

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2571. Norovirus Infection and Gut Microbiota in Transplant Recipients

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S893-S893

Author(s):

Pearlie P Chong ◽

Sarah K Hussain ◽

Nicole Poulides ◽

Laura Coughlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Cell Transplant ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Background In vitro studies have shown that enteric viruses require the gut microbiota (specific members of the Enterobacteriaceae family) for efficient infection of the gastrointestinal tract. Human norovirus (NV) infection in transplant recipients may be chronic and severe. The role of gut microbiota has not been defined in this setting. We hypothesized that gut microbiota diversity and composition are different in norovirus-infected transplant patients. Methods We performed a single-center, pilot, prospective cohort study of adult solid-organ transplant and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with diarrhea. Serial fecal samples were collected and processed for gDNA. Norovirus levels were quantified by PCR and gut microbiota profiling determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Twenty-five transplant recipients were included: 9 with NV infection and 16 without. Age (61 ± SEM 2.3 years vs. 54 ± 3.5 years; P = 0.172), duration of diarrhea prior to diagnosis (105 ± 43 days vs. 20 ± 7 days; P = 0.146), prior cumulative antibiotic use (42 ± 12 days vs. 46 ± 17 days; P = 0.646), anti-anaerobic antibiotic use (7 ± 3 days vs. 11 ± 6 days; P = 0.643) and length of hospitalization (12 ± 6 days vs. 12 ± 3 days; P = 0.624) were not different between transplant recipients with and without NV infection. Interestingly, the relative abundance of Enterobactericeae was significantly higher in NV-infected transplant recipients compared with those without NV infection (26 ± 5.8% vs. 6.2 ± 2.8%; P = 0.017, Mann–Whitney) (Figure 1). In contrast, the abundance of the Phyla Bacteroidetes (11.2 ± 5.2% vs. 26.3 ± 6.5%; P = 0.191), and Firmicutes (26.8 ± 7.6% vs. 24.9 ± 4.7%; P = 0.803), were not significantly different between those who were NV and not NV-infected. Of note, the diversity metrics of Shannon (3.5 ± 0.4 vs. 3.8 ± 0.3; P = 0.637) and inverse Simpson indices (1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1±0.1; P = 0.419) were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion Norovirus-infected transplant recipients had a significantly higher relative abundance of Enterobactericeae in their gut microbiota compared with transplant recipients without norovirus infection. Future studies are needed to explore if this association is mechanistically important for norovirus infection. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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