scholarly journals Self-Efficacy Is a Modifiable Factor Associated with Frailty in Those with Minor Stroke: Secondary Analysis of 200 Cohort Respondents

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Abodunrin Quadri Aminu ◽  
Roderick Wondergem ◽  
Yvonne Van Zaalen ◽  
Martijn Pisters
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Minor Stroke ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Stroke Event ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Owing to the improvement in acute care, there has been an increase in the number of people surviving stroke and living with its impairments. Frailty is common in people with stroke and has a significant impact on the prognosis after stroke. To reduce frailty progression, potentially modifiable factors should be identified. Increasing levels of self-efficacy influence both behaviour and physical functioning, and therefore it could be a potential target to prevent frailty. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a prospective cohort study that involved the secondary analysis of the RISE data to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and frailty. The RISE study is a longitudinal study that consists of 200 adults aged 18+ years after their first stroke event. Data were collected from the respondents at 3 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after their discharge from the hospital. Frailty was assessed using the multidimensional frailty index with scores ranging from 0 to 1, and self-efficacy was assessed using the SESx scale, which was dichotomized as low/moderate or high. Frailty trajectories were examined using the repeated linear model. The generalized estimating equation was used to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and frailty at baseline and in the future (6–24 months). The B coefficients were reported at 95% CI before and after adjusting for potential confounders (age, gender, stroke severity, education, and social support). <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 200 responses were analysed, and the mean age of the respondents was 67.78 ± 11.53. Females made up 64% of the sample, and the mean frailty score at baseline was 0.17 ± 0.09. After adjusting for confounders, respondents with low self-efficacy had an approximately 5% increase in their frailty scores at baseline and in the 24-month follow-up period compared to those with high self-efficacy. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The result from this study showed that self-efficacy was significantly associated with frailty after stroke. Our findings suggest that self-efficacy may play a role in frailty progression among stroke survivors.

scholarly journals Relationship between alexithymia and career decision -making self-efficacy among Tenth and Eleventh grade students in Muscat governorate

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sheikh Hammoud ◽  
Bakkar S. Bakkar ◽  
Yousef Abdulqader Abu Shendi ◽  
Yousuf Saif Al Rujaibi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

 The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between alexithymia and career decision -making self-efficacy among Tenth and Eleventh grade students in Muscat governorate. To achieve this purpose,  Alexithymia Scale (AS),and CDMSE Short Form were administered to a total sample of 556 students of Tenth and Eleventh grades ( (n = 278) males and (n = 278) females . Findings revealed that the level of alexithymia was less than the mean of items, while the level of CDMSE was more than the mean of items, as well as there was no significant correlational relationship between alexithymia and CDMSE. The findings also indicated that there were significant gender differences in alexithymia, while there were no significant gender differences in CDMSE. With regard to GPA, the findings revealed that there were no significant differences in alexithymia, while there were significant differences in CDMSE. Conclusion: It concludes that although there was no significant correlational relationship between alexithymia and career decision-making self-efficacy, alexithymia negatively affects individual’s decisions in life.

Abstract 12926: Transition Readiness Assessment in Adolescents and Young Adults With Heart Disease: Can We Improve the Outcome?

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Uzark ◽  
Cynthia Smith ◽  
Sunkyung Yu ◽  
Janet Donohue ◽  
Katherine Afton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Transition Readiness ◽  
Knowledge Deficit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Deficits ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Transition is defined as “the process by which adolescents and young adults with chronic childhood illnesses are prepared to take charge of their lives and their health in adulthood”. We previously reported common knowledge deficits and lack of transition readiness (TR) in 13-25 year olds with congenital or acquired heart disease. The aims of this study were to re-evaluate TR in these patients at follow-up (F/U) and to examine the relationship between changes in TR and quality of life (QOL). Methods: Patients (n=106) completed the TR Assessment and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) utilizing an e-tablet, web-based format at a routine F/U clinic visit. Changes from initial to F/U scores were evaluated. Results: Median patient age was 18.7 yrs at a median F/U time of 1.02 yrs. Average perceived knowledge deficit score (% of items with no knowledge) at F/U was 18.0 ± 15.2%, decreased from 24.7 ± 16.5%, p<.0001. On a 100-point scale, the mean score for self-efficacy increased from 71.4 ± 17.0 to 76.7 ± 18.2 (p=.004) and for self-management increased from 47.9 ± 18.4 to 52.0 ± 20.7 (p=.0004). While physical QOL did not change, the mean psychosocial QOL score increased significantly from 80.2 ± 13.3 to 82.5 ± 12.0, p=.02. A decrease in knowledge deficit score at F/U was significantly associated with an increased psychosocial QOL score, p=.03. An increase in self-efficacy score was associated with an increase in psychosocial QOL score (p=.04), especially social QOL (p=.02). Among patients who reported receiving specific information after initial TR assessment, knowledge deficits decreased related to medication (p=.002), symptoms to call for (p=.02), how to contact heart doctor (p=.02), and health insurance (p=.10). Self-efficacy scores improved in patients reporting receipt of information regarding how to contact the heart doctor (p=.06) and how to communicate with healthcare team (p=.05). Conclusion: While deficits in knowledge and self-management skills persist, TR assessment and recognition of deficits can improve transition readiness with improved psychosocial QOL. Routine TR assessment is important to identify transition needs. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between TR and outcomes in young adults with heart disease.

scholarly journals Correlation of age, height, and gender with +Gz tolerance among healthy Indian participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
S Kasture ◽  
M Sharma ◽  
MS Nataraja
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Aerospace Medicine ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Aircrew are repetitively exposed to positive Gz acceleration in fighter flying. Factors affecting +Gz tolerance vary among individuals and are determined by both modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Some of the non-modifiable factors influencing +Gz tolerance are age, gender, and height. The present study was undertaken to understand the relationship of these variables with relaxed +Gz tolerance. Material and Methods: The study involved a retrospective analysis of existing database of the high-performance human centrifuge at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine. Relevant data from 70 non-aircrew subjects were included for the study. Of these, 39 were male and 31 were female. The age and height varied from 27 to 38 years and 157 to 187 cm, respectively. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel® to find the correlation between age and height with relaxed +Gz tolerance. Relaxed +Gz tolerance of men and women was compared using unpaired t-test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age, height, and relaxed +Gz tolerance of males were found to be 30.25 ± 4.3 years, 172.58 ± 6.5 cm, and 4.89 ± 0.67G, respectively, whereas those of females were 27.28 ± 3.36 years, 158.46 ± 6.78 cm, and 4.4 ± 0.85G, respectively. In both males and females, age and height showed no correlation with relaxed +Gz tolerance. However, the relaxed +Gz tolerance was found to be higher in males and this difference was statistically different (P = 0.008). Conclusion: Age and height showed no correlation with relaxed +Gz tolerance in both males and females nonaircrew subjects. Males exhibited a statistically significant, higher relaxed +Gz tolerance as compared to females.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Demographic Factors in Adult Patients with Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Samad Shams-Vahdati ◽  
Alireza Ala ◽  
Eliar Sadeghi-Hokmabad ◽  
Neda Parnianfard ◽  
Nasim Ahmadi Sepehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Developing countries are challenging with stroke as the third cause of death in developed countries and the most popular neurologic disease which results in disability. This study was designed to assess the relationship between demographic factors and early outcome in adult patients with difference type of stroke. Methods and Materials: A retrospective register review was performed from March 2017 to March 2018. ED medical document (chart) were reviewed by a neurologist or physician to obtain the clinical diagnosis, patient characteristics. Their demographic data (such as age, gender), NIHSS score and MRS score were filled in questionnaire. the significant variables were verified in a multivariable model to achieve an attuned estimate of effect. Results: A total of 861 patients with stroke were included in the analysis; the male and female sex in the statistical population were 56% and 43%; the mean age of the patients was 14.32 ± 61.74. The mean NIHSS (16.08±10.51) & MRS (3.66) scores were evaluated, respectively 47% severe stroke (NICHSS>16). There was no significant relationship between age increase and NIHSS increase (P = 0.86). Conclusion: Aging has a significant relationship with increased stroke. Gender and age differences in risk of stroke outcomes are mostly described by variations in physical characteristics and stroke severity of the patients.

scholarly journals Stress response after breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy as modifiable predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Shiraishi ◽  
Masayo Matsuzaki ◽  
Shoko Kurihara ◽  
Maki Iwamoto ◽  
Mieko Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Modifiable Factors

Abstract Background: Only 50% of mothers in Japan exclusively breastfeed their infants during the postpartum period. To increase this rate, we aimed to examine modifiable factors at 1 month postpartum related to exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum by focusing on breastfeeding-related and psychosocial variables. Methods: This prospective cohort study was a secondary analysis of a longitudinal study, which was conducted in a secondary medical care center in Osaka, Japan from 2017 to 2018. Demographic variables, infant feeding modality, breastfeeding-related variables, and psychosocial variables were obtained using questionnaires at 1 month postpartum. Daytime salivary cortisol levels before and after breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum were measured as a biological marker for stress responses associated with breastfeeding. Each infant’s feeding modality was re-assessed at 3 months postpartum. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum. Results: Of the 104 participants, 61 reported exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum. The following factors significantly affected exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum: multipara (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 11.128, 2.078–59.594), having a university degree (5.246, 1.037–26.526), no plan to return to work by 6 months postpartum (0.021, 0.001–0.460), exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum (42.841, 6.047–303.515), higher breastfeeding self-efficacy scale score at 1 month postpartum (1.070, 1.004–1.139), and lower cortisol level after breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum (0.000, 0.000–0.020). Conclusions: Stress levels after breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy were identified as modifiable factors related to subsequent exclusive breastfeeding. Healthcare professionals need to develop effective approaches to reducing breastfeeding-related stress and improving breastfeeding self-efficacy to help women fulfill their antenatal breastfeeding intentions and increase exclusive breastfeeding practices.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Attitude toward Research and Research Self-efficacy in MSc Students of Medical Sciences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manijeh ShahriaryKalantary ◽  
Khadijeh Nasiriani
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Interest In Research ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Positive attitude towards research can increase the students’ interest in research. Research self-efficacy is an effective factor on attitude towards research. It seems that higher research self-efficacy can influence students’ interest in research. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between attitude to research and research self-efficacy in MSc students of medical sciences. Methods: In this descriptive study, 176 graduate students in medical sciences were selected through stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was the questionnaires of attitude toward research and research self-efficacy. Data analysis was conducted using parametric statistical tests by SPSS version 15.  Results: Most samples were female (80.1%) and studied nursing (10.8%), while a minority of them was studying parasitology and physiology (1.1%). A significant statistical correlation was observed between the mean scores of attitude towards research and research self-efficacy of students. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mean scores of attitude towards research and the students' age and gender. Conclusions: Based on the results, existence of a positive relationship between attitude and research self-efficacy suggests that creation of a positive attitude towards research creates higher research self-efficacy beliefs in students and provides a basis for more student research.

scholarly journals An Investigation on the Relationship Between Self-efficacy With Spiritual Adjustment and Life Expectancy in Adult Earthquake Residents in Sarpol-e Zahab City, Iran in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Mazyar Dogohar ◽  
◽  
Shayesteh Salehi ◽  
Narges Sadeghi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Background: Earthquakes are among the most natural catastrophic disasters. Adults’ response to disasters largely depends on their physical health, mobility, self-efficacy, resource, and income level. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy with spiritual adjustment and life expectancy in earthquake-stricken adults living in Sarpol-e Zahab City, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was done on 135 earthquake-stricken adults in Sarpol-e Zahab City. The study data were collected using the Scherer general self-efficacy questionnaire, Herth’s life expectancy questionnaire, spiritual adjustment, and demographic data in Spring 1998. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 and descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In this study, 135 adults were enrolled, 65.2% were men and the rest were women. The Mean±SD age of the samples was 41.64±11.49 years. The Mean±SD values of self-efficacy, spiritual adjustment, and life expectancy were 55.64±10.29, 150.47±35.17, and 28.44±5.75, respectively. There was a significant and positive correlation between self-efficacy and spiritual adjustment. There was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and life expectancy as well as life expectancy and spiritual adjustment. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed a high correlation between self-efficacy, life expectancy, and spiritual adjustment. People with high spiritual well-being and life expectancy are more adaptable to their problems; accordingly, their reinforcement of spiritual well-being and life expectancy increases their adaptability to the situation. Therefore, it is recommended that educational programs be developed to increase the self-efficacy of earthquake-affected individuals and increase their life expectancy and spiritual well-being.

Frailty among middle-aged and older Canadians: population norms for the frailty index using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda ◽  
Judith Godin ◽  
Joshua J Armstrong ◽  
Melissa K Andrew ◽  
Arnold Mitnitski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Global Population

Abstract Background frailty is a public health priority now that the global population is ageing at a rapid rate. A scientifically sound tool to measure frailty and generate population-based reference values is a starting point. Objective in this report, our objectives were to operationalize frailty as deficit accumulation using a standard frailty index (FI), describe levels of frailty in Canadians ≥45 years old and provide national normative data. Design this is a secondary analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) baseline data. Setting/participants about 51,338 individuals (weighted to represent 13,232,651 Canadians), aged 45–85 years, from the tracking and comprehensive cohorts of CLSA. Methods after screening all available variables in the pooled dataset, 52 items were selected to construct an FI. Descriptive statistics for the FI and normative data derived from quantile regressions were developed. Results the average age of the participants was 60.3 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60.2–60.5), and 51.5% were female (95% CI: 50.8–52.2). The mean FI score was 0.07 (95% CI: 0.07–0.08) with a standard deviation of 0.06. Frailty was higher among females and with increasing age, and scores &gt;0.2 were present in 4.2% of the sample. National normative data were identified for each year of age for males and females. Conclusions the standardized frailty tool and the population-based normative frailty values can help inform discussions about frailty, setting a new bar in the field. Such information can be used by clinicians, researchers, stakeholders and the general public to understand frailty, especially its relationship with age and sex.

scholarly journals Relationship between Students’ Metacognitive Strategy and Self-Efficacy in Speaking

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Adam Adam
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Metacognitive Strategy ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Speaking Skills

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between students’ metacognitive strategy and their self-efficicacy in speaking skills. Besides, this study also investigates the overall level of students’ use of metacognitive strategy and the level of their self-efficacy in speaking skills. The sample of this research was the eighth grade students of SMP 26 Batam  in the academic year 2016/2017. The data were collected using questionnaires and were calculated using a Likert Scale. There were three findings of this research. First, The overall level of students’ metacognitive strategy in speaking skills was 3.3. Second, the overall level of students’ self-efficacy in speaking skills was 3.27. Third, there was a positive correlation between students’ metacognitive strategy and their self-efficicacy in speaking skills which was indicated by the correlation coefficient of 0.54. There is a significant correlation between students’ metacognitive strategy and their self-efficacy in speaking skills as indicated by the correlation coeficient of 0.54. There is a positive direction of the correlation as indicated by the correlation coeficient above zero and near to 1. The students’ overall metacognitive strategy use in speaking skills is a medium level as indicated by the mean score of 3.3 The students’ overall self-efficacy in their speaking skills is  a medium level as indicated by the mean score of 3.27. Keywords : metacognitive, self-efficacy, speaking skills

scholarly journals Gender Difference in the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Performance in Science among Secondary School Students in Migori County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p154
Author(s):  
Polycarp O. Gor ◽  
Lucas O. A. Othuon ◽  
Quinter A. Migunde
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
School Students ◽  
Girls In Science ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender difference in the relationship between self-efficacy and performance in science. A sample of 327 Form Four students in Migori County was used. Questionnaires, focus group discussion guide and interview schedules were used for data collection. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation. Qualitative data were organized into themes and interpreted. Overall, boys had higher levels of performance in science (Mean=39.21) than girls (Mean=30.80) and the mean difference was statistically significant (t=3.89, p=.00). Boys had higher levels of self-efficacy (Mean=2.89) than girls (Mean=2.81) and the mean difference was not statistically significant (t=1.56, p=.12). Further, the overall correlation between self-efficacy and performance was statistically significant with r=.236 (p=.002, n=327). The correlation between self-efficacy and performance for boys was significant with r=.250 (p=.005, n=200) and non-significant for girls with r=.085 (p=.558, n=127). It is concluded that boys outperform girls in science and record higher scores in self-efficacy than girls. In addition, the variance shared in common between self-efficacy and performance is higher for boys than girls. To improve performance and also reduce the gender gap in science performance, self-efficacy should be enhanced for students but more particularly so for girls.

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