Frailty among middle-aged and older Canadians: population norms for the frailty index using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda ◽  
Judith Godin ◽  
Joshua J Armstrong ◽  
Melissa K Andrew ◽  
Arnold Mitnitski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Global Population

Abstract Background frailty is a public health priority now that the global population is ageing at a rapid rate. A scientifically sound tool to measure frailty and generate population-based reference values is a starting point. Objective in this report, our objectives were to operationalize frailty as deficit accumulation using a standard frailty index (FI), describe levels of frailty in Canadians ≥45 years old and provide national normative data. Design this is a secondary analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) baseline data. Setting/participants about 51,338 individuals (weighted to represent 13,232,651 Canadians), aged 45–85 years, from the tracking and comprehensive cohorts of CLSA. Methods after screening all available variables in the pooled dataset, 52 items were selected to construct an FI. Descriptive statistics for the FI and normative data derived from quantile regressions were developed. Results the average age of the participants was 60.3 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60.2–60.5), and 51.5% were female (95% CI: 50.8–52.2). The mean FI score was 0.07 (95% CI: 0.07–0.08) with a standard deviation of 0.06. Frailty was higher among females and with increasing age, and scores >0.2 were present in 4.2% of the sample. National normative data were identified for each year of age for males and females. Conclusions the standardized frailty tool and the population-based normative frailty values can help inform discussions about frailty, setting a new bar in the field. Such information can be used by clinicians, researchers, stakeholders and the general public to understand frailty, especially its relationship with age and sex.

Sex Differences in the Meaning of Parent and Teacher Ratings of ADHD Behaviors: An Observational Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1847-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda J. Meyer ◽  
Jim Stevenson ◽  
Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Parent And Teacher Ratings

Objective: To test explanations for the underrecognition of female ADHD by examining differences in adult ratings of boys and girls matched for levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors. Method: In a secondary analysis of a population-based sample, 3- to 4-year-olds ( n = 153, 79 male) and 8- to 9-year-olds ( n = 144, 75 male) were grouped according to levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors (low/moderate/high). Groups were then compared with parent/teacher ADHD ratings. Results: There were no sex differences in levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors within groups. For preschoolers, parents’ ratings of males, but not females, significantly increased across groups—mirroring levels of observed behaviors. For older children, both parent and teacher mean ratings were significantly higher for males than females across groups. Conclusion: Identified differences in adult ratings of males and females matched for directly observed behaviors may contribute to understanding the substantial ADHD underrecognition in females.

83 A Deficit Accumulation Frailty Index Predicts Mortality in Older South Africans: Findings from the HAALSI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i27-i27
Author(s):  
F J Barker ◽  
J I Davies ◽  
F X Gomez-Olive ◽  
K Kahn ◽  
F E Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Older People ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cumulative Deficit

Abstract Introduction Few studies have investigated frailty in older people in sub-Saharan Africa, yet such information is vital to prepare responses to rapid population ageing. We aimed to derive and test a cumulative deficit frailty index in a population of older people from rural South Africa. Methods We analysed data from the Health and Ageing in Africa: Longitudinal Studies of an INDEPTH Community (HAALSI) study, which enrolled participants aged 40 years and older nested within the Agincourt Health and Demographic Survey Site, South Africa. We created a 32-variable cumulative deficit frailty index using questionnaire (illnesses, symptoms and activities of daily living), physical performance and physiological indices, and blood test results. Each variable was dichotomised to 1 (deficit) or 0 (no deficit). The frailty index for each individual was calculated as the mean of all frailty variables. Frailty categories were defined using cut-offs from the UK electronic frailty index: 0-0.12 (non-frail), >0.12-0.24 (mild frailty), >0.24-0.36 (moderate frailty) and >0.36 (severe frailty). Cox proportional hazards models, both unadjusted and adjusted for age and sex, were fitted to test the association between frailty status and all-cause mortality. Results We analysed data from 3989 participants, mean age 61 years (SD 13); 2175 (54.5%) were female. The mean follow-up period was 17 months; 1464 (36.7%) were non-frail, 2059 (51.6%) had mild frailty, 402 (10.1%) had moderate frailty and 64 (1.6%) had severe frailty. A total of 135 (3.4%) died. Adjusted Cox models showed worse frailty category was associated with higher risk of death compared with non-frail individuals: hazard ratios 1.94 (95% CI 1.23, 3.07) for mild frailty, 3.25 (95% CI 1.86, 5.68) for moderate frailty, and 5.50 (95% CI 2.44, 12.40) for severe frailty. Conclusions Frailty measured by a cumulative deficits index is common and predicts mortality in a rural population of older South Africans.

scholarly journals Frailty index of deficit accumulation and falls: data from the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW) Hamilton cohort

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guowei Li ◽  
George Ioannidis ◽  
Laura Pickard ◽  
Courtney Kennedy ◽  
Alexandra Papaioannou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Deficit Accumulation

scholarly journals Comparison between Frailty Index of Deficit Accumulation and Phenotypic Model to Predict Risk of Falls: Data from the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW) Hamilton Cohort

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0120144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guowei Li ◽  
Lehana Thabane ◽  
George Ioannidis ◽  
Courtney Kennedy ◽  
Alexandra Papaioannou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Risk Of Falls

scholarly journals Normative data for the 6-min walk test in 11–14 year-olds: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Kasović ◽  
Lovro Štefan ◽  
Vilko Petrić
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The 6-min walk test (6MWT) has become an established measure for assessing exercise capacity in children with chronic diseases. However, little evidence has been provided regarding population-based normal data in healthy children. The main purpose of the study was to provide normative data in a large sample of children. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 4352 children between 11 and 14 years were recruited (66% girls). The main outcome measure was the distance walked for six minutes. Sex- and age-specific percentile values (5th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th and 95th) for the 6MWT were created and the differences and correlations were examined by the analysis of variance and Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. Results The mean distance walked in 6 min was 576 ± 93 m in boys and 545 ± 92 m in girls, respectively. The mean walking speed for boys and girls was 98 ± 5 m/min and 91 ± 6 m/min. Older boys and girls performed better, compared to their younger counterparts (p for age < 0.001). The 6MWT was significantly correlated with age (r = 0.24, p < 0.001), height (r = 0.09, p < 0.001), weight (r =  − 0.13, p < 0.001) and body-mass index (r =  − 0.26, p < 0.001). Conclusions This is the first population-based study aiming to provide normative data for the 6MWT in healthy children between 11 to 14 years. Children in lower percentiles are ‘target groups’ for special intervention aiming to enhance the performance.

scholarly journals Minimum income for healthy living and frailty in adults over 65 years old in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e025334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nicholas Watts ◽  
David Blane ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Netuveli
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

ObjectiveTo test whether minimum income for healthy living of a person aged 65 years or older (MIHL65) is associated with frailty in older adults.Design and settingSecondary analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a multiwave prospective cohort study in England, UK.ParticipantsA subset (n=1342) of English Longitudinal Study of Ageing participants, who at wave 1 in 2002 were aged 65 years or older, without any limiting long-standing illnesses, and who had the information required to calculate MIHL65in 2002, 2004 and 2006 and two measures of frailty in 2008.Main outcome measuresFrailty defined using Fried’s phenotype criteria and Rockwood’s Index of deficits.ResultsThe odds of frailty in 2008 were significantly higher for participants living below MIHL65in 2002, both on Fried’s phenotype criteria (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.57 to 4.19) and Rockwood’s Index (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.74 to 4.60). These associations remained after adjustment for age and gender for both Fried’s phenotype (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.90) and Rockwood’s Index (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.38 to 3.35). Compared with those whose income during 2002–2006 was always above MIHL65, the odds of frailty in 2008 for those below MIHL65were two-to-three times higher, with a tendency for the ORs to increase in line with the length of time spent below MIHL65(ORs (95% CIs) were: Fried’s phenotype, below MIHL65once: 2.02 (1.23 to 3.34); twice: 2.52 (1.37 to 4.62); thrice: 3.53 (1.65 to 7.55). Rockwood’s Index: once: 2.34 (1.41 to 3.86); twice: 3.06 (1.64 to 5.71); thrice: 2.56 (1.22 to 5.34)). These associations remained after adjustment for age and gender on Rockwood’s Index, but not Fried’s phenotype.ConclusionsThese results provide some support for the idea that frailty at older ages is associated with not having sufficient income to lead a healthy life.

The DASH and the QuickDASH instruments. Normative values in the general population in Norway

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aasheim ◽  
V. Finsen
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

We collected population-based normative data for the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand ) and QuickDASH questionnaires in order to determine the co-morbidity to be expected in a group of patients. We also studied the correlation between the two scores. A total of 2000 DASH forms and 800 QuickDASH forms were mailed to 1400 men and 1400 women. They were selected randomly in groups of 200 men and women in each age decade from 20–29 to over 80 years old. A total of 50% of the DASH forms and 56% of the QuickDASH forms were returned ( p < 0.005). The mean DASH scores for women rose with age from 5 among those aged 20–29, to 22 among those aged 70–79 and 36 for those over 80. The corresponding mean values for men were 5, 13 and 22. The mean DASH and QuickDASH scores extracted from the DASH forms were very similar in each age decade. Spearman’s correlation coefficient for the two forms was 0.965 for all 992 forms and 0.930 for the 174 forms with scores of 30 or more. There were, however, wide confidence limits for the agreement between scores in individual patients. The high average scores in the general population, particularly among the elderly, should be borne in mind when evaluating scores among patients. The QuickDASH should be preferred to the full DASH as it gives the same information, but is shorter and completed more often.

scholarly journals Remission from Depression among Adults with Arthritis: A 12-Year Followup of a Population-Based Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Esme Fuller-Thomson ◽  
Marla Battiston ◽  
Tahany M. Gadalla ◽  
Yael Shaked ◽  
Ferrah Raza
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Population Health Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Individuals with arthritis are vulnerable to depression. In this study, we calculated time to remission from depression in a representative community-based sample of depressed Canadians with arthritis who were followed for 12 years. We conducted secondary analysis of a longitudinal panel study, the National Population Health Survey, which was begun in 1994/95 and has included biennial assessment of depression since that time. Our analysis focused on a total of 216 respondents with arthritis who were depressed at baseline. The mean time to remission from depression was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier procedure and compared across categories of each of the potential predictors. The percentage of those no longer screening positive for depression was calculated at two years after baseline. At two years after baseline, 71% of the sample had achieved remission from depression. Time to remission was significantly longer for those depressed adults who were under the age of 55, those who reported more chronic pain at baseline, those with comorbid migraine, and those who experienced childhood physical abuse or parental addictions. These findings highlight the importance of screening for these factors to improve the targeting of interventions to depressed patients with arthritis.

scholarly journals Temporal and Geographical Trends of Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in Golestan, Iran, 2004-2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Salamat ◽  
Ali Aryannia ◽  
Siamak Rajaei ◽  
Mohammad Naeimi-Tabiei ◽  
Reza Afghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Increasing Trends

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine cancer. We aimed to determine the incidence rates of thyroid cancer across a 10-year period (2004-2013) in Golestan, Iran. Methods: We obtained the thyroid cancer data from Golestan Population-Based Cancer Registry (GPCR). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were calculated and reported per 100000 person-years. The Joinpoint software was used to assess time trends, and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results: Of 326 registered patients, 83 (25.5%) were men and 243 (74.5%) were women. The mean age was 51.3 and 42.6 years for males and females, respectively. Overall, the ASR of thyroid cancer was 2.2 per 100000 person-year (AAPC = 2.76; 95% CI: -3.68 to 9.64). The test of co-incidence showed a statistically significant difference in the incidence of thyroid cancer between men (1.3) and women (3.2) (P < 0.001). According to our results, the ASR of thyroid cancer in western parts of Golestan is higher, including Gorgan and Aliabad cities. Conclusion: Increasing trends in incidence rates of thyroid cancer were found in the Golestan province during the study period, especially in women. We found significantly higher rates of thyroid cancer in women. Geographical diversities were seen in incidence rates of thyroid cancer in the Golestan province. Our results may be helpful for designing further researches to investigate the epidemiological aspects of thyroid cancer in the Golestan province.

scholarly journals The effect of isotretinoin on triglycerides and liver aminotransferases

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Salezze Vieira ◽  
Vanessa Beijamini ◽  
Ana Carolina Melchiors
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Oral Isotretinoin ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Isotretinoin has been used to treat the most severe cases of acne; however, it may provoke adverse events in mucocutaneous and hepatic tissues, lead to alterations in lipid levels and cause teratogenicity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride levels in patients who had been treated with oral isotretinoin dispensed by the São Mateus/ES pharmacy for special drugs. METHODS: A retrospective, observational, longitudinal study was conducted by carrying out a secondary analysis of each patient's data. RESULTS: Of the 130 patients who received isotretinoin between January and December 2009, only 70 were actually treated for 3 months or more and handed in the results of their laboratory tests. Of these 70 patients, 39 (55.7%) were female. The mean age of the women (23.9 years) was higher than the mean age of the men (20.1 years). There was a statistically significant increase in the levels of triglycerides (87.01 ± 48.25 versus 105.32 ± 48.76 mg/dL), AST (20.44 ± 6.26 versus 24.38 ± 11.92 U/L) and ALT (18.24 ± 8.31 versus 23.34 ± 20.03 U/L) performed prior to and 3 months or more after oral isotretinoin treatment. After treatment with oral isotretinoin, triglyceride levels had increased beyond the normal range in 11% of the patients, while 8.6% had elevated AST levels and 7.3% had increased ALT levels. CONCLUSION: The results in this population show that the use of oral isotretinoin for the treatment of acne may result in altered triglyceride, AST and ALT levels. These findings are in accordance with data published previously in the scientific literature, confirming the need to monitor these patients.

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