scholarly journals Barrier and facilitator on breastfeeding education and promotion: A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Lina Handayani ◽  
Maya Kusuma Dewi ◽  
Lafi Munira
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
World Health ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Breastfeeding Promotion ◽  
Health Organization

Breast milk contains many nutrients according to the needs of the baby for growth and development. Breast milk is very important for the health and well-being of infants. The world health organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding mothers for six months starting from the baby's first life and continuing until the age of two. Breastfeeding can provide economic benefits for the family and community. This study aimed to explore the barrier and facilitator on breastfeeding promotion and education. This study was literature study. This study finding that support from the baby's father is needed as a strong decision exclusively breastfeeding mothers. Pediatricians and midwives have an important role to support in providing exclusive breastfeeding from mothers and infants. Mothers who work full time find it very difficult to care for their babies exclusively. The workplace can be a barrier for mothers to care for and provide exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding competency-based training is needed as a more optimal promotion of exclusive breastfeeding. Promotion of breastfeeding can increase the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding. Knowledge promotes breastfeeding can increase the chances of successful breastfeeding and improve baby's health. An important role in the successful promotion of breastfeeding is the quality of knowledge and support for exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Breastfeeding-An Extensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Jesmin Sultana ◽  
Muhammad Rabiul Hossain ◽  
Nurun Nahar Fatema Begum ◽  
Nure Ishrat Nazme
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

 Breastfeeding has been accepted as the most vital intervention for reducing infant mortality and ensuring optimal growth and development of children. Breastfeeding is also considered as the most economical and easily accessible complete nutrition for every new born child1. Poor breastfeeding practices are widespread. It is estimated that sub-optimal breastfeeding, especially non-exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life, results in 1.4 million deaths and 10% of the disease burden in children younger than 5 years of age2. Reviews of studies from developing countries showed that infants who were not breast fed were 6 to 10 times more likely to die in the first months of life than infants who are breast fed3. The World Health Organization has stated that in 2000, only 16% of mothers in Pakistan exclusively breast feed for a period of three months, as compared to other developing countries where the ratio is higher like Bangladesh (46%), India (37%), and Sri Lanka (84%)4. More than 15% of 24 lakh child deaths could be averted in India by optimal breastfeeding practices5. The key to successful breastfeeding is Information, Education and Communication (IEC) strategies aimed at behavior change6. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) strongly recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life7. Variables that may influence breastfeeding include race, maternal age, maternal employment, level of education of parents, socio-economic status, insufficient milk supply, infant health problems, method of delivery, maternal interest and other related related factors8,9. Over the last decade, overwhelming scientific evidence supporting the integral role of breastfeeding in the survival, growth and development of a child, as well as the health and well-being of a mother has come to light10. Different studies were designed at national and international level to explore the knowledge, attitude and practices (kap) towards breastfeeding among postnatal mothers and factors that determine them1. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(2) 2015: 76-83

scholarly journals The DIFFERENCES IN NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INFANTS AGED 4-6 MONTHS WHO WERE EXCLUSIVELY BREASTFED AND THOSE WERE GIVEN NONEXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING : LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Frisna Dwika Maheni Maheni ◽  
Abdiana ◽  
Rafika Oktova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
World Health ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that babies remain given exclusive breast milk for the first six months of a baby's life. However, there were some obstacles that cause the mother to be unable to give exclusive breast milk to her baby. By the time the baby becoming 4 to 6 months, the opportunity to provided exclusive breast milk is reduced because of many factor such as working mother can be an obstacle to providing exclusive breast milk. Often for mothers prefer to provide formula milk or complementary food for their babies to make it simply.This literature review aims to determine the differences in nutritional status of infants who were exclusively breastfed and those who were not exclusively breastfed at the age of 4 to 6 months. This literature review is semi-quantitative using the narrative review method. The search for articles accessed from the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct database found 40 articles that met the criteria. There were differences in the nutritional status of infants who were exclusively breastfed and those who were given non-exclusive breastfeeding. Babies who were exclusively breastfed at the age of 4 to 6 months had a better nutritional status than babies who were given nonexclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Promoting the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Philosophic Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tumilara Busayo Amoo ◽  
Ruth Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
World Health ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Breastfeeding Promotion ◽  
Global Rate ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of an infant’s life and continued breastfeeding for 2 years. The global rate of exclusive breastfeeding is low at 33%. Thus, it is important to identify philosophical and theory-based strategies that can promote exclusive breastfeeding. The aim of the study is to identify philosophical schools of thought and theories used in research on promoting the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods A scoping review using Arksey and O'Malley's framework explored the phenomenon of exclusive breastfeeding practice promotion. Searches were conducted using CINAHL Plus full-text, PubMed, APA PsycInfo and Academic Search Premier. Search terms included theory, philosophy, framework, model, exclusive breastfeeding, promotion, support, English, and publication between 2000 - 2020. Results The online search yielded 877 articles, however, only 40 met the inclusion criteria for the scoping review. The articles promoting exclusive breastfeeding used pragmatism (n=1) or phenomenology (n = 2) philosophies and theories of self-efficacy (n = 10), theory of planned behaviour (n = 10) and social cognitive theories (n = 17). Theories of self-efficacy and planned behaviour were the most effective theories that increased exclusive breastfeeding rates. Conclusions Theory-based exclusive breastfeeding promotion strategies are effective to increase the rates of exclusive breastfeeding. Theory of planned behaviour is better compared with theories of self-efficacy for program content development and implementation in Randomized Controlled Trial studies. Future breastfeeding interventions should be based on relevant philosophies and guided by theories of self-efficacy and planned behaviours.

scholarly journals Description of Exclusive Breastfeeding to Babies in Java Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-410
Author(s):  
Erna Martiyani ◽  
Farah Maulida Rahmah ◽  
Marisa Amalia Citra ◽  
Medinio Leonita KS
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Knowledge Variable ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Exclusive breastfeeding is that babies are only given breast milk, without the addition of other liquids such as formula milk, orange juice, honey, tea water, water, and without the addition of solid foods such as bananas, papaya, milk porridge, biscuits, rice porridge, and the team, as long as 6 months from the date of birth. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 still shows that the average rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the world is only around 38%. This study aims to determine the description of exclusive breastfeeding in infants in Java. Qualitative research using a descriptive observational study design that is conducting in-depth interviews with 4 informants which are by the interview guidelines. The results showed that the mother's age can affect the exclusive breastfeeding for the baby because the younger mother will produce more milk than the older mother. While the knowledge variable shows the results that mothers who have high knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding have a 20.8 times chance compared to mothers who have low knowledge. The existence of family support can also increase the mother's confidence in breastfeeding and the support from health workers can increase knowledge and motivate mothers to give exclusive breastfeeding. Based on this, we can say that breast milk is a perfect food that contains various nutrients that are needed by the body of living beings so that the body's metabolism can run smoothly and the development of the body goes well.

Economic Profit vs. Social Benefit

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
M. Mercedes Galán-Ladero ◽  
M. Ángeles Galán-Ladero
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

There is currently a wide-ranging debate on whether it is ethical for pharmaceutical companies to profit and obtain large economic benefits by patenting and controlling the sale of essential medicines that can save thousands of lives, or, on the contrary, whether these medicines should be considered social products and offered at low prices so that anyone, in any country in the world, regardless of their purchasing power, can have access to them. This debate has intensified since health was considered a fundamental human right by the World Health Organization (WHO) and was expressly included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations (specifically, in Goal 3: “Health and Well-Being”). Consequently, the overall objective of this chapter is to reflect on these questions: Should economic interests prevail over social ones in the case of essential life-saving medicines? Should the fundamental right to health prevail over the right granted by a patent? How far should corporate social responsibility (CSR) go in the pharmaceutical industry?

scholarly journals Breastfeeding promotion: evidence and problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bellù ◽  
Manuela Condò
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Promotion ◽  
International Data ◽  
Breastfeeding Rates ◽  
Health Organization

Although breastfeeding is associated with many health benefits in children and mothers, and World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age and continued breastfeeding until 2 years of age, overall breastfeeding rates remain low. Italian rates of exclusive breastfeeding do not differ from international data. The aim of this review is to evaluate evidence of breastfeeding promotion interventions and the remaining problems to achieve them. We found that breastfeeding support is a complex system of interventions, including individual, structural and environmental factors. Many systematic reviews report evidence that breastfeeding support offered to women increases duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, both in full term healthy newborns and in preterm infants. Political and economic efforts should be made to ensure breastfeeding support to all women in the different settings, assuming it as a collective target.

scholarly journals What’s new for the clinician? - Excerpts from and summaries of recently published papers

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (06) ◽  
pp. 374-377
Author(s):  
Veerasamy Yengopal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Posterior Tongue ◽  
Poor Weight Gain

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers breast milk as the best source of nourishment for infants. Although exclusive breastfeeding is recommended up to 6 months of age, globally only 40% of children under this age are exclusively breastfed and this is mainly due to negative breastfeeding experiences. There are many different causes for negative breastfeeding experiences such as poor weight gain, necessitating supplementation, poor latch, maternal nipple pain, and oral restrictions like a tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) and/or lip-tie. Ankyloglossia (either the decrease in mobility for the tongue by classic anterior tongue-tie or a submucosal restriction, a posterior tongue-tie) and a superior tethered labial frenulum can cause altered latch and sucking mechanics. Studies have shown that a frenotomy, if adequately performed, can improve breastfeeding scores and relieve nipple pain with little or no serious complications.

scholarly journals Oxytocyn Massage Using Innovative Massage Tool and Conventional Effleurage Techniques to Increase Breastmilk Production in Post Partum Mothers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nining Istighosah ◽  
◽  
Aprilia Nurtika Sari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Massage Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Background: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life is recommended by the World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months and continuous breastfeeding for up to 2 months. Exclusive breastfeeding is the most effective intervention to reduce infant mortality. It is estimated that it can prevent 13% of under-five mortality in low-income countries. This study aimed to analyze the difference in breastmilk volume before and after the mother received the oxytocin massage using innovative massage tool and conventional effleurage techniques. Subjects and Methods: This was a quasi-experiment study with a non-randomized control trial pretest-posttest design was conducted in Kediri from August to September 2020. The sample used was post-partum women on days 4 to 10 using purposive sampling technique. The dependent variable was amount of breast milk production. The independent variables were oxytocin massage treatment with effleurage technique, and the combination of oxytocin massage, effleurage technique and innovation massage tool. The data was analyzed by T-Test. Results: In the oxytocin massage treatment group used the conventional Effleurage method (Mean = 42; SD = 29) while in the massage treatment group using an innovative massage tool (Mean = 60; SD = 51) this was very different in the control group (Mean = 3.4; SD = 8.8) and it was statistically significant (p= 0.005). Conclusion: Giving oxytocin massage using an innovative massage device were higher than oxytocin massage using the conventional Effleurage method and massage using this innovative massage device had a statistical impact on increasing breast milk production Keywords: oxytocin massage, breast milk production, innovative massage tool Correspondence: Nining Istighosah. School of Midwifery Dharma Husada Kediri. Jl. Penanggungan No. 41-A Kediri. E-mail: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281231352032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.48

Study the Anatomy and Physiology of Body's Urinary System and Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) for the Design an Intelligent Alarm System for Monitoring of FMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Shirzadfar ◽  
Narsis Gordoghli
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
International Association ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Health Organization

In recent years, chronic medical problems have become increasingly prevalent. Chronic ‎illnesses challenge the view of life as a regular and continuous process, a challenge that has ‎important psychological consequences. The long duration of people suffering from these ‎diseases, the long process of treatment and the fact that there is no proper and definitive ‎treatment for most of these diseases and their associated complications have made chronic ‎diseases a detrimental factor in public health. According to the World Health Organization ‎‎(2006), the prevalence of chronic and non-communicable diseases is increasing in all countries, ‎especially developing countries, so that the major challenge for the health system in the present ‎century, is not living people, but better adapted to chronic illnesses and maintaining their ‎mental and social health and well-being Ed's life-threatening chronic physical illness.‎ Chronic pain is a pain that lasts longer than usual, and according to the criteria of the ‎International Association of Pain, this time is defined as at least 3 months to 6 months. Chronic ‎pain is such that not only faced the sick person whit the pressure of the pain but also with many ‎other pressure that affect different parts of her life. Fibromyalgia is one of the most rheumatologic disorders and one of the most resistant chronic ‎pain syndromes. Fibromyalgia is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in adults ‎and chronic pain is one of the most common complaints in this group of patients.

scholarly journals How Loud and Clear Rung the Alarm Bell: The Communication Efforts of WHO on the Beginning of COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
pp. 002073142110249
Author(s):  
Huriye Toker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
International Development ◽  
International Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Releases ◽  
The Media ◽  
Credible Information ◽  
Health Organization

As seen clearly from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health is an important foreign policy and diplomatic issue connected with security, economic well-being, and international development. According to risk communication researchers, effective, transparent, and timely information sharing is the most important tool after vaccines for responding to pandemics. This study aims to start a scholarly discussion on the risk communication efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO) during the COVID-19 outbreak. We analyzed WHO’s communication efforts during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the leading international health organization, WHO was responsible for providing rapid, up-to-date, and credible information for the public and the media. The selected research items were 42 news releases and statements provided by WHO between December 31, 2019, and March 30, 2020. These were subjected to qualitative and quantitative content analyses using the NVivo 12 qualitative analysis software program for coding. The data were coded under 6 variables (date of publication, topics, frequency, wording of the COVID-19 outbreak, sourcing, and themes of the releases). While 54.7% of WHO's communications were devoted to the COVID-19 outbreak, more than half were not issued until March. That is, instead of early risk communication and clear warnings about the outbreak, WHO acted overcautiously, preferring messages related to solidarity and cooperation during the most devastating pandemic of the 21st century.

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