scholarly journals The PURE study and the enigmatic aspects of the diet: is it possible that an high saturated fat consumption would not be harmful?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_E) ◽  
pp. E113-E115
Author(s):  
Andrea Poli
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Final Impact

Abstract According to the results of a recent observational epidemiologic study, the PURE study, an elevated consumption of saturated fats in the diet would not be detrimental for the cardiovascular risk, and would not increase all-causes-mortality. A part for the criticism the study received, for being conducted in eastern countries and mainly in rural settings, its results are substantially in agreement with the most recent epidemiological literature, which gradually redefined the pro-atherogenic role of the saturated fats. It is possible that this type of fats, in this instance, would have a limited and restricted effect, and rather represent the overall effect of the foodstuff in which they abound, in the prevalent dietetic habits of the population studied. The results of the PURE study can be integrated with little difficulties, with the recent revision of the role of the alimentary fats in determining cardiovascular risk and all-causes-mortality. The revision doesn’t support (assuming adequate calories and weight control) a limitation of the total dietary fats, saturated fats in particular. An excessive reduction of saturated fats, particularly in Europe, could lead to an unnecessary and unsolicited limitation of certain foods (most commonly cheese), whose final impact on overall health is favourable.

Nutrition as a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease: how can we stop the obesity epidemic?

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 689-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen A. van Baak
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Moderate Increase

summaryOverweight and obesity are associated with excess cardiovascular risk. To reduce cardiovascular risk at the population level, the prevention of overweight and obesity is key. This requires adoption of a healthy lifestyle, including less inactivity and more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and a healthy diet. Diet composition may facilitate weight gain prevention and weight loss. Effects of dietary fats, carbohydrates and proteins will be discussed in this context. Current evidence indicates that moderation of the intake of (saturated) fat, a moderate increase in protein content of the diet, a replacement of refined grain/high glucose index (GI) by whole-grain/low GI carbohydrates and limitation of the consumption of calorically-sweetened beverages are likely to facilitate weight control.

scholarly journals High-sensitivity c-reactive protein and total and saturated fat intake in adolescent students: a longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Cândida de Lima Martins ◽  
Flávia Emília Leite de Lima Ferreira ◽  
Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess the relationship between hs-CRP concentrations and total and saturated fat intake in adolescents after a year of follow-up.MethodsA longitudinal study carried out in the years 2014 and 2015 evaluated 408 adolescents from the municipal and state public schools of João Pessoa, Paraíba, between 10 and 14 years of age, who participated in the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits and Adolescent Health (LONCAAFS). Data were obtained on sociodemographic data, anthropometric nutritional status, physical activity and hs-CRP concentration. The consumption of total and saturated fats was evaluated from the 24 hour recall.ResultsThe associations between concentrations of hs-CRP and total and saturated fat intake were performed by linear regression considering panel data, individual fixed effect, balanced bank, stratified by sex and BMI. The mean values of the hs-CRP variable were significantly different between the analyzed years (p = 0.024). The percentage of total and saturated fat consumption is within the recommended level in both years, with no significant difference (p> 0.05). No statistically significant associations were found between hs-CRP and total fat consumption (β = −0.19p = 0.582) and saturated fat (β = 0.20, p = 0.282).ConclusionThe study did not present significant evidence on the relationship between the concentrations of hs-CRP and the consumption of total and saturated fats, as one year of follow-up may not have promoted evident changes in the levels of hs-CRP in adolescents.

scholarly journals Fat Consumption and Related Changes in Micronutrients Intake and Child Anthropometric Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Roxana Maria HADMAȘ ◽  
Ștefan Adrian MARTIN ◽  
Oana MĂRGINEAN
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Fat Consumption

Imbalanced food intake due to high fat consumption tends to have important consequences over general health conditions, regardless of age. The aim of this paper was to analyze fat intake considering the child`s general nutritional needs, micronutrient requirements and the main anthropometric development data. A transversal study has been conducted on a sample of 287 healthy Romanian children aged 36 to 84 months. The sample was divided into: underweight, normal weight and overweight study groups. Among the study subjects, the total fat intake was lower than the daily references depending on gender and age (p=0.0001). Differences were identified between both saturated (p=0.0001) and unsaturated (p=0.0001) fat intake. Saturated fat intake was significantly correlated with the body weight (p=0.0001), the height (p=0.001) and the BMI (p=0.001). Both dietary cholesterol (p=0.018; r=0.189) and saturated fat (p=0.01; r=0.265) were related to individual height. Lack of relationship was seen regarding zinc, selenium, sodium and fat intake (p>0.05). Yet, monounsaturated fat intake was correlated with iron, magnesium and phosphor. Polyunsaturated fat intake was correlated with both phosphorus and potassium in the underweight group. Conclusions: Daily lack of dietary fats have been associated with a significant decrease in growth speed, weight gain and a higher risk of general developmental delay.

Platelet Functions in Relation to Dietary Fats in Farmers from two Regions of France

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 518-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Renaud ◽  
E Dumont ◽  
F Godsey ◽  
A Suplisson ◽  
C Thevenon
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Platelet Phospholipid ◽  
Platelet Functions

SummaryTo determine whether the long-term feeding of dietary fats affect platelet functions in man, platelet aggregation (to thrombin ADP, collagen, epinephrine) and clotting activity of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-poor plasma and of washed platelets, were studied in a mobile-laboratory in 44 healthy male farmers (40-45 years) from two French regions Var and Moselle, in relation to lipemia, glycemia, dietary nutriments, and platelet phospholipid composition. In the Moselle subjects, the platelet clotting activity of PRP and of washed platelets, the platelet aggregation to thrombin and ADP, were highly significantly (p <0.001) increased as compared to those of Var, but not the plasma cholesterol, which was identical in the two regions.In Moselle, the intake of total calories, total lipids and saturated fats was higher than in the Var.However, it was only with the saturated fat intake (mostly stearic acid) that the platelet clotting activity (p <0.01) and the platelet aggregation (p <0.001) were highly significantly correlated. The platelet clotting activity was also significantly (p <0.001) correlated with the fatty acid composition of the platelet phospholipid fractions phosphatidyl serine + phosphatidyl inositol.

Telmisartan in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Asmar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Raas Blockade ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Current Guidelines

The worldwide morbidity and mortality burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is overwhelming and caused by increasing life expectancy and an epidemic of risk factors, including hypertension. Therapeutic options targeting different areas of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) to disrupt pathophysiological processes along the cardiovascular continuum are available. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are first-line treatments for CVD and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are suitable alternatives. Both ACE inhibitors and ARBs prevent CVD by lowering blood pressure (BP). Additionally, several studies have demonstrated that RAAS blockade can reduce cardiovascular risk beyond what might be expected from BP lowering alone. However, the ARBs are not all equally effective. Telmisartan is a long-lasting ARB that effectively controls BP over the full 24-hour period. Recently, the Ongoing telmisartan alone and in combination with ramipril global endpoint trial (ONTARGET) study showed that telmisartan reduces cardiovascular events in high cardiovascular risk patients similarly to the gold standard ACE inhibitor ramipril beyond BP lowering alone, but with a better tolerability. Based on the results of the ONTARGET and Telmisartan randomized assessment study in ACE intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND) studies, telmisartan is indicated for the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity. This article aims to review current guidelines for the management of CVD and consider key data from clinical trials and clinical practice evaluating the role of telmisartan in CVD.

scholarly journals The Role of Statins in Disease Modification and Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stergios Soulaidopoulos ◽  
Elena Nikiphorou ◽  
Theodoros Dimitroulas ◽  
George D. Kitas
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Modification

scholarly journals Extreme weight control behaviors among adolescent athletes: Links with weight-related maltreatment from parents and coaches and sport ethic norms

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110186
Author(s):  
Véronique Boudreault ◽  
Marie-Pierre Gagnon-Girouard ◽  
Noémie Carbonneau ◽  
Sophie Labossière ◽  
Catherine Bégin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Weight Control Behaviors ◽  
Specific Factors

The use of extreme weight-control behaviors is prevalent among adolescent athletes and may result from individual and sport-specific factors. Weight-related maltreatment from coaches and parents, and conformity to sport ethic norms have recently been linked to the use of extreme weight-control behaviors. This study aims to investigate the role of sport ethic norms and weight-related maltreatment from coaches and parents in the use of extreme weight-control behaviors among adolescent athletes. A sample of 999 French-Canadian athletes aged 14–17 years competing in a variety of sports completed an online survey assessing extreme weight-control behaviors, weight-related maltreatment from coaches and parents, and conformity to sport ethic norms. A total of 16.9% of the adolescent athletes reported having adopted extreme weight-control behaviors during their athletic careers. Extreme weight-control behaviors were significantly more prevalent among girls (19.75% vs 9.7% in boys) and weight-class-sport athletes (44%). In addition, 7.4% of the sample experienced at least one type of weight-related maltreatment by coaches or parents. Sex, weight-related neglect by coaches and parents, and weight-related psychological violence by coaches explained 24.4% of extreme weight-control behaviors variance. Indeed, participants who engaged in extreme weight-control behaviors experienced significantly more violence than the other participants did. In contrast, no differences were observed between people who engaged in extreme weight-control behaviors and those who did not due to conformity to sport ethic norms.

scholarly journals Osteopontin in Cardiovascular Diseases

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Kohsuke Shirakawa ◽  
Motoaki Sano
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Matricellular Protein ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Adverse Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Unprecedented advances in secondary prevention have greatly improved the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, CVDs remain a leading cause of death globally. These findings suggest the need to reconsider cardiovascular risk and optimal medical therapy. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation, pro-thrombotic factors, and gene mutations are focused not only on cardiovascular residual risk but also as the next therapeutic target for CVDs. Furthermore, recent clinical trials, such as the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study trial, showed the possibility of anti-inflammatory therapy for patients with CVDs. Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that mediates diverse biological functions and is involved in a number of pathological states in CVDs. OPN has a two-faced phenotype that is dependent on the pathological state. Acute increases in OPN have protective roles, including wound healing, neovascularization, and amelioration of vascular calcification. By contrast, chronic increases in OPN predict poor prognosis of a major adverse cardiovascular event independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, OPN can be a therapeutic target for CVDs but is not clinically available. In this review, we discuss the role of OPN in the development of CVDs and its potential as a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet and SARS-COV-2 Infection: Is There Any Association? A Proof-of-Concept Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
Valentina Ponzo ◽  
Marianna Pellegrini ◽  
Chiara D’Eusebio ◽  
Fabio Bioletto ◽  
Ilaria Goitre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake ◽  
Lower Adherence

The aim of this observational study was investigating the possible correlation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeD) and SARS-COV-2 infection rates and severity among healthcare professionals (HCPs). An online self-administrated questionnaire (evaluating both MeD adherence and dietary habits) was filled out by HCPs working in Piedmont (Northern Italy) from 15 January to 28 February 2021. Out of the 1206 questionnaires collected, 900 were considered reliable and analyzed. Individuals who reported the SARS-COV-2 infection (n = 148) showed a significantly lower MeD score, with a lower adherence in fruit, vegetables, cereals, and olive oil consumption. In a logistic regression model, the risk of infection was inversely associated with the MeD score (OR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.81–0.97) and the consumption of cereals (OR = 0.64; 0.45–0.90). Asymptomatic individuals with SARS-COV-2 infection reported a lower intake of saturated fats than symptomatic; individuals requiring hospitalization were significantly older and reported worse dietary habits than both asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. After combining all symptomatic individuals together, age (OR = 1.05; 1.01–1.09) and saturated fats intake (OR = 1.09; 1.01–1.17) were associated with the infection severity. HCPs who reported a SARS-COV-2 infection showed a significantly lower MeD score and cereal consumption. The infection severity was directly associated with higher age and saturated fat intake.

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