Distinct associations of complement C3a and its precursor C3 with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (06) ◽  
pp. 1102-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen M. van Greevenbroek ◽  
Ilja C. Arts ◽  
Carla J. van der Kallen ◽  
Stefan L. Geijselaers ◽  
Edith J. Feskens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anaphylatoxin C3a ◽  
Heavy Smokers

SummaryComplement C3 is a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the underlying mechanism is currently unknown. We determined the associations of the anaphylatoxin C3a, the activation product of C3, and of C3 itself with estimates of atherosclerosis and CVD. We studied associations of C3a and C3 with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), ankle-arm blood pressure index (AAIx) and CVD in cross-sectional analyses among 545 participants of the Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) study (62% men, 59.4 ± 6.9 years) and examined effect modification by smoking. We conducted linear and logistic regression analyses with adjustments for age, sex, glucose metabolism status, lipids, adiposity, renal function, blood pressure, pack-years smoked, physical activity, use of medication and investigated mediation by inflammation. C3a was independently associated with cIMT (β=0.032 mm, [95% confidence interval: 0.004; 0.060]) and AAIx (β=−0.022, [−0.043; −0.001]), but C3 was not. Effect modification by smoking was only observed for CVD (Psmoking*C3a=0.008, Psmoking*C3=0.018), therefore these associations were stratified for smoking behaviour. Both C3a (odds ratio [OR] =2.96, [1.15; 7.62]) and C3 (OR =1.98, [1.21; 3.22]) were independently associated with CVD in heavy smokers. The association of C3 with CVD was independent of C3a. Low-grade inflammation did partially explain the association of C3a with AAIx, but not the other observed associations. This suggests that C3a and C3 have distinct roles in pathways leading to CVD. C3a may promote atherosclerosis and additionally advance CVD in heavy smokers. Conversely, C3 may be associated with CVD in heavy smokers via pathways other than atherosclerosis.

Associations of cardiovascular disease and blood pressure with cognition in hemodialysis patients: The Osaka Dialysis Complication Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Shoji ◽  
Hisako Fujii ◽  
Katsuhito Mori ◽  
Shinya Nakatani ◽  
Yuki Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Prior Stroke

Abstract Background Previous studies reported mixed results regarding the contributions of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and blood pressure to cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in 1213 patients on maintenance hemodialysis from 17 dialysis units in Japan. The main exposures were prior CVD and blood pressure components including systolic (SBP) and diastolic pressure (DBP). The outcome was low cognitive function evaluated with the Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS) with a cut-off level of 3MS < 80. Results The median age was 67 years, median duration of dialysis was 71 months, 37% were women, 39% had diabetic kidney disease, and 36% had any pre-existing CVD. Median (interquartile range) of 3MS score was 91 (82 to 97), and 240 patients (20%) had 3MS < 80. Logistic regression analysis showed that 3MS < 80 was associated with the presence of any prior CVD, particularly prior stroke. 3MS < 80 was associated with lower DBP but not with SBP. When patients were stratified by the presence of prior stroke, lower DBP, higher age, and lower education level were factors associated with 3MS < 80 in both subgroups. In the subgroup of patients without prior stroke, diabetic kidney disease was an additional factor associated with 3MS < 80. CVDs other than stroke were not associated with 3MS in either subgroup. Conclusions Prior stroke and lower DBP were associated with 3MS < 80 in hemodialysis patients. These findings support the hypothesis that these vascular factors contribute to low cognitive performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Abstract 11600: Long Sleep Duration and Low-Grade Inflammation: New Indicators of Arterial Stiffness in the Japanese at High-risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Niijima ◽  
Michiaki Nagai ◽  
Satoshi Hoshide ◽  
Mami Takahashi ◽  
Masahisa Shimpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Recently, several studies have reported that long sleep duration was independently associated with increased aortic stiffness. On the other hand, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was associated with increased aortic stiffness. In this study, the relationships among self-reported sleep duration, hs-CRP and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were investigated in the Japanese at high-risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, we investigated whether antihypertensive treatment moderated these relationships or not. Methods: Among 4310 patients with one or more cardiovascular risks recruited for the Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure Study, brachial-ankle PWV and hs-CRP measurement were performed in the 2304 patients (64.7 years old, male 49.6%). A self-administered questionnaire included items on daily sleep duration was used. Results: According to the sleep duration (6h or less,6h to 8h,8h or more per night), significant associations of sleep duration were observed with PWV (1594 vs 1644 vs 1763 cm/s, p<0.0001).In the multiple regression analysis adjustment for confounders including age body mass index, total cholesterol, HbA1c and clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP), long sleep duration (8h or more per night) (B: 29, 95%CI: 1.0-56, p<0.05) and log hs-CRP (B: 25, 95%CI: 3.1-48, p<0.05) were significantly positively associated with PWV. A significant interaction was found between long sleep duration and antihypertensive agent non-use for PWV (p<0.05). Especially, in the group without calcium channel blockers (CCBs), long sleep duration was significantly associated with PWV (p<0.01), while a marginal significant synergetic relationship was observed between long sleep duration and log hs-CRP for PWV (p=0.07). On the other hand, there were no significant interactions between long sleep duration and angiotensin receptor blockers non-use. Conclusions: Long sleep duration and hs-CRP were significant indicators of increased PVW in the high-risk Japanese population. In those without CCBs, long sleep duration served as a strong determinant for arterial stiffness, marginally interacted by low-grade inflammation. CCBs use might be important not to aggravate artery remodeling caused by long sleep duration.

scholarly journals The Otsego-Schoharie healthy heart program: prevention of cardiovascular disease in the rural US

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (56_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Nafziger ◽  
T.A. Erb ◽  
P.L. Jenkins ◽  
C. Lewis ◽  
T.A. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
New York State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Objectives: To describe a rural, hospital-based public health intervention program and to evaluate its effectiveness in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction using cross-sectional studies and a panel study. Methods: A rural population of 158,000 located in New York state comprised the intervention population. A similar but separate population was used for reference. A multifaceted, multimedia 5-year program provided health promotion and education initiatives to increase physical activity, decrease smoking, improve nutrition, and identify hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, surveys were conducted at baseline in 1989 (cross-sectional) and at follow-up in 1994- 95 (cross-sectional and panel). For cross-sectional studies, a random sample of adults was obtained using a three-stage cluster design. Self-reported and objective risk factor measurements were obtained. Comparison of pre- to post- changes in intervention versus reference populations was done using 2× 2randomized block ANOVA, 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA, and extension of the McNemar test. Results: Smoking prevalence declined (from 27.9% to 17.6%) in the intervention population. Significant adverse trends were observed for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Systolic blood pressure was reduced while diastolic blood pressure remained stable. Body mass index increased significantly in both populations. Conclusions: This rural, 5-year CVD community intervention program decreased smoking. The risk reduction may be attributable to tailoring of a multifaceted approach (multiple risk factors, multiple messages, and multiple population subgroups) to a target rural population. The study period was too short to identify changes in CVD morbidity and mortality.

Vascular inflammation in hypertension and diabetes: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Savoia ◽  
Ernesto L. Schiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

More than 80% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus develop hypertension, and approx. 20% of patients with hypertension develop diabetes. This combination of cardiovascular risk factors will account for a large proportion of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Lowering elevated blood pressure in diabetic hypertensive individuals decreases cardiovascular events. In patients with hypertension and diabetes, the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is multifactorial, but recent evidence points toward the presence of an important component dependent on a low-grade inflammatory process. Angiotensin II may be to a large degree responsible for triggering vascular inflammation by inducing oxidative stress, resulting in up-regulation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as NF-κB (nuclear factor κB). These, in turn, regulate the generation of inflammatory mediators that lead to endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury. Inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein, chemokines and adhesion molecules) are increased in patients with hypertension and metabolic disorders, and predict the development of cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle modification and pharmacological approaches (such as drugs that target the renin–angiotensin system) may reduce blood pressure and inflammation in patients with hypertension and metabolic disorders, which will reduce cardiovascular risk, development of diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Trends of Prevalence of Uncontrolled Risk Factors for Cerebrocardiovascular Disease: Southern Italy from 1988/9 to 2008/9

Cholesterol ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Capuano ◽  
Norman Lamaida ◽  
Ernesto Capuano ◽  
Rocco Capuano ◽  
Eduardo Capuano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Risk Factor Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

The aim of this study was to determine the trends of cardiovascular risk factor prevalence between 1988/9 and 2008/9 in the 25–74-year-old population in an area of Southern Italy. We compared three cross-sectional studies conducted in random population samples, in 1988/9, 1998/9, and 2008/9 in Salerno, Italy. The methodology of data collection (lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycaemia, and smoking) and conducting tests which the population underwent during the three phases was standardized and comparable. Prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking was calculated and standardized for age. A total of 3491 subjects were included. From 1988/9 to 2008/9, in males, the prevalence of all four risk factors was reduced. In women, there was a clear reduction of hypertension, a similar prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, and an increase of smoking and diabetes. In the area of Salerno, our data confirm that the global prevalence of the major risk factors is decreasing in men, but their absolute values are still far from optimization. In women, diabetes and smoking showed a negative trend, therefore requiring targeted interventions. These data are now used as a base for executive targeted programs to improve prevention of cardiovascular disease in our community.

scholarly journals Predictors of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Interrelationship of Dyslipidemia and Arterial Blood Pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djuro Macut ◽  
Marina Bačević ◽  
Ivana Božić-Antić ◽  
Jelica Bjekić-Macut ◽  
Milorad Čivčić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Blood

Background. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) could develop subclinical atherosclerosis during life.Purpose. To analyze cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors and their relation to clinical markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in respect to their age.Material and Methods. One hundred women with PCOS (26.32±5.26years, BMI:24.98±6.38 kg/m2) were compared to 50 respective controls. In all subjects, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratios, glucose, insulin and HOMA index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, resp.), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were analyzed in respect to their age and level of androgens.Results. PCOS over 30 years had higher WHR (P=0.008), SBP (P<0.001), DBP (P<0.001), TC (P=0.028), HDL-C (P=0.028), LDL-C (P=0.045), triglycerides (P<0.001), TC/HDL-C (P<0.001), and triglycerides/HDL-C (P<0.001) and had more prevalent hypertension and pronounced CIMT on common carotid arteries even after adjustment for BMI (P=0.005and 0.036, resp.). TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C were higher in PCOS with the highest quintile of FAI in comparison to those with lower FAI (P=0.045and 0.034, resp.).Conclusions. PCOS women older than 30 years irrespective of BMI have the potential for early atherosclerosis mirrored through the elevated lipids/lipid ratios and through changes in blood pressure.

scholarly journals The Association of Self-Reported Muscle-Strengthening Activities With Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Older Adults: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-539
Author(s):  
Joowon Lee ◽  
Baojiang Chen ◽  
Harold W. Kohl ◽  
Carolyn E. Barlow ◽  
Chong Do Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Media Thickness

The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the cross-sectional associations of participation in muscle-strengthening activities (MSAs) with carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) among older adults. The data are from 2,557 older adult participants enrolled in an observational cohort who reported no history of cardiovascular disease. MSA was determined using a questionnaire. Carotid ultrasound was performed to measure the CIMT of the common carotid artery bilaterally. Logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the association of MSA with CIMT after adjustment for potential confounders. The participants were aged 68.6 ± 7.0 years, and the majority were male (71.7%) and White (96.5%); 18% had abnormal CIMT. Meeting the physical activity guidelines for MSA was inversely associated with abnormal CIMT after adjustment for age and sex. However, this observed inverse relation became statistically null after further adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors, including aerobic physical activity.

scholarly journals A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Depression in Cardiovascular Disease Patient in The Nilgiris Population: Association with Blood Pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1214-1219
Author(s):  
Asish Kumar Saha ◽  
Asem Veeves Singh ◽  
Kavuri Srikar ◽  
Anand Vijayakumar P R
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiac Morbidity ◽  
The Nilgiris ◽  
The Impact

Depression is a common disorder in Cardio-vascular patients with a prevalence of twenty percent (20%) to forty five percent (45%), which is much more frequent than in the general population. Depressive symptoms are often overlooked in cardiac patients and their manifestation, especially after MI, is considered normal. Almost every life-threatening condition, including MI, stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete the corticotropic-releasing hormone, which stimulates the HPA axis. The two-way connection between depression and heart disease, which share the pathophysiological mechanism of origin, affects the prognosis of post-infarction recovery of depressed patients due to the impact of depression on the HPA axis activation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet reactivation and enhanced inflammatory response. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at secondary care government hospitals located at the Nilgiris district on different cardiovascular disease patients using HAM-D questionnaires for the assessment of depression. In this study, the level of depression in cardiovascular disease patients were assessed associating with patient variability in relation to age, gender, education, food habits, social habits, duration of disease and blood pressure values. There was a significant increase in depression score with the increase in blood pressure level. The patients were found to be having depression even though they were on cardiovascular treatment after they were being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. With the treatment of cardiovascular disease conditions, the assessment for depression should be done and if required, depending on the level of depression, counselling and/with psychotherapy (eg. Cognitive behavioural therapy) may be recommended to avoid cardiac morbidity and mortality.  

scholarly journals MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN A YOUNG WORKING POPULATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
N. A. Koryagina ◽  
I. N. Ryamzina ◽  
A. I. Shaposhnikova ◽  
E. N. Koltyrina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working People

Aim. To assess the prevalence of major risk factors (RFs) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a young working population.Material and methods. This cross-sectional study included 1832 respondents (70% men and 30% women; mean age 29,44±8,6 years). The levels of blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TCH), and body mass index (BMI), as well as the prevalence of smoking, were assessed.Results. Elevated office BP levels were registered in 10,5%, and isolated ambulatory arterial hypertension (AH) in 10%. Overall, AH prevalence in this young working population was 20%. Elevated BP was registered in 34,2% of individuals with hypercholesterolemia (TCH >5 mmol/l), compared to 18,2% in people with TCH <5 mmol/l (p<0,001).Conclusion. The most prevalent CVD RFs in working people under 40 were obesity and AH.

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