A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Depression in Cardiovascular Disease Patient in The Nilgiris Population: Association with Blood Pressure

Depression is a common disorder in Cardio-vascular patients with a prevalence of twenty percent (20%) to forty five percent (45%), which is much more frequent than in the general population. Depressive symptoms are often overlooked in cardiac patients and their manifestation, especially after MI, is considered normal. Almost every life-threatening condition, including MI, stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete the corticotropic-releasing hormone, which stimulates the HPA axis. The two-way connection between depression and heart disease, which share the pathophysiological mechanism of origin, affects the prognosis of post-infarction recovery of depressed patients due to the impact of depression on the HPA axis activation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet reactivation and enhanced inflammatory response. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at secondary care government hospitals located at the Nilgiris district on different cardiovascular disease patients using HAM-D questionnaires for the assessment of depression. In this study, the level of depression in cardiovascular disease patients were assessed associating with patient variability in relation to age, gender, education, food habits, social habits, duration of disease and blood pressure values. There was a significant increase in depression score with the increase in blood pressure level. The patients were found to be having depression even though they were on cardiovascular treatment after they were being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. With the treatment of cardiovascular disease conditions, the assessment for depression should be done and if required, depending on the level of depression, counselling and/with psychotherapy (eg. Cognitive behavioural therapy) may be recommended to avoid cardiac morbidity and mortality.

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Potential impact of a modest reduction in salt intake on blood pressure, cardiovascular disease burden and premature mortality: a modelling study

Open Heart ◽

10.1136/openhrt-2018-000943 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000943 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leopold Ndemnge Aminde ◽

Linda J Cobiac ◽

J Lennert Veerman

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Relative Reduction ◽

Life Years ◽

Potential Impact ◽

The Impact

ObjectiveTo assess the potential impact of reduction in salt intake on the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature mortality in Cameroon.MethodsUsing a multicohort proportional multistate life table model with Markov process, we modelled the impact of WHO’s recommended 30% relative reduction in population-wide sodium intake on the CVD burden for Cameroonian adults alive in 2016. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted and used to quantify uncertainty.ResultsOver the lifetime, incidence is predicted to decrease by 5.2% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 4.6 to 5.7) for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), 6.6% (95% UI 5.9 to 7.4) for haemorrhagic strokes, 4.8% (95% UI 4.2 to 5.4) for ischaemic strokes and 12.9% (95% UI 12.4 to 13.5) for hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Mortality over the lifetime is projected to reduce by 5.1% (95% UI 4.5 to 5.6) for IHD, by 6.9% (95% UI 6.1 to 7.7) for haemorrhagic stroke, by 4.5% (95% UI 4.0 to 5.1) for ischaemic stroke and by 13.3% (95% UI 12.9 to 13.7) for HHD. About 776 400 (95% UI 712 600 to 841 200) health-adjusted life years could be gained, and life expectancy might increase by 0.23 years and 0.20 years for men and women, respectively. A projected 16.8% change (reduction) between 2016 and 2030 in probability of premature mortality due to CVD would occur if population salt reduction recommended by WHO is attained.ConclusionAchieving the 30% reduction in sodium intake recommended by WHO could considerably decrease the burden of CVD. Targeting blood pressure via decreasing population salt intake could translate in significant reductions in premature CVD mortality in Cameroon by 2030.

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Associations of cardiovascular disease and blood pressure with cognition in hemodialysis patients: The Osaka Dialysis Complication Study

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab247 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tetsuo Shoji ◽

Hisako Fujii ◽

Katsuhito Mori ◽

Shinya Nakatani ◽

Yuki Nagata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diabetic Kidney ◽

Prior Stroke

Abstract Background Previous studies reported mixed results regarding the contributions of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and blood pressure to cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in 1213 patients on maintenance hemodialysis from 17 dialysis units in Japan. The main exposures were prior CVD and blood pressure components including systolic (SBP) and diastolic pressure (DBP). The outcome was low cognitive function evaluated with the Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS) with a cut-off level of 3MS < 80. Results The median age was 67 years, median duration of dialysis was 71 months, 37% were women, 39% had diabetic kidney disease, and 36% had any pre-existing CVD. Median (interquartile range) of 3MS score was 91 (82 to 97), and 240 patients (20%) had 3MS < 80. Logistic regression analysis showed that 3MS < 80 was associated with the presence of any prior CVD, particularly prior stroke. 3MS < 80 was associated with lower DBP but not with SBP. When patients were stratified by the presence of prior stroke, lower DBP, higher age, and lower education level were factors associated with 3MS < 80 in both subgroups. In the subgroup of patients without prior stroke, diabetic kidney disease was an additional factor associated with 3MS < 80. CVDs other than stroke were not associated with 3MS in either subgroup. Conclusions Prior stroke and lower DBP were associated with 3MS < 80 in hemodialysis patients. These findings support the hypothesis that these vascular factors contribute to low cognitive performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

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Use of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in identifying cardiovascular risk factors in male brazilian adolescents

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p678 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Lilian Messias Sampaio Brito ◽

Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas ◽

Deise Cristiane Moser ◽

Ana Cláudia Kapp Titski ◽

Monica Nunes Lima Cat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p678 The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels on the prevalence of overweight and high blood pressure levels in adolescents. In this observational, cross-sectional study, 614 boys aged 10-14 years were assessed for height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP). CRF was assessed using a run test (Léger Test) and subjects were then grouped according to their CRF level. PA level was assessed through a questionnaire (The Three Day Physical Activity Recall) and classified into two groups, namely > 300 minutes of PA/week and < 300 minutes of PA/week. Maturational stage was evaluated according to the development of pubic hair (self-assessment) as proposed by Tanner. We used statistical descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses in the total participants and subjects were divided by age. Fifty percent of the sample performed < 300 minutes of PA/week and 67.6% had unsatisfactory CRF levels. There was a higher prevalence of unsatisfactory CRF levels among subjects with altered BMI (overweight), WC (abdominal obesity) or BP (high blood pressure) for all age groups. PA history, however, did not show any significance. A total of 31% of participants were overweight, 24.8% had abdominal obesity and 15.4% had increased BP. Unsatisfactory CRF levels were found to be a better predictor for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CV) risk factors than PA history, regardless of age group.

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Effects of Olive Oil on Blood Pressure: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Mechanistic Evidence

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061548 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1548 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marika Massaro ◽

Egeria Scoditti ◽

Maria Annunziata Carluccio ◽

Nadia Calabriso ◽

Giuseppe Santarpino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

High Oleic ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Impact

The increasing access to antihypertensive medications has improved longevity and quality of life in hypertensive patients. Nevertheless, hypertension still remains a major risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction, suggesting the need to implement management of pre- and hypertensive patients. In addition to antihypertensive medications, lifestyle changes, including healthier dietary patterns, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean diet, have been shown to favorably affect blood pressure and are now recommended as integrative tools in hypertension management. An analysis of the effects of nutritional components of the Mediterranean diet(s) on blood pressure has therefore become mandatory. After a literature review of the impact of Mediterranean diet(s) on cardiovascular risk factors, we here analyze the effects of olive oil and its major components on blood pressure in healthy and cardiovascular disease individuals and examine underlying mechanisms of action. Both experimental and human studies agree in showing anti-hypertensive effects of olive oil. We conclude that due to its high oleic acid and antioxidant polyphenol content, the consumption of olive oil may be advised as the optimal fat choice in the management protocols for hypertension in both healthy and cardiovascular disease patients.

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Vitamin D Receptor Activation Mitigates the Impact of Uremia on Endothelial Function in the 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2010/625852 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. Ruth Wu-Wong ◽

William Noonan ◽

Masaki Nakane ◽

Kristin A. Brooks ◽

Jason A. Segreti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

The Impact

Endothelial dysfunction increases cardiovascular disease risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigates whether VDR activation affects endothelial function in CKD. The 5/6 nephrectomized (NX) rats with experimental chronic renal insufficiency were treated with or without paricalcitol, a VDR activator. Thoracic aortic rings were precontracted with phenylephrine and then treated with acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside. Uremia significantly affected aortic relaxation (% in NX rats versus % in SHAM at 30 M acetylcholine). The endothelial-dependent relaxation was improved to –%, –%, and –% in NX rats treated with paricalcitol at 0.021, 0.042, and 0.083 g/kg for two weeks, respectively, while paricalcitol at 0.042 g/kg did not affect blood pressure and heart rate. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression alone did not improve endothelial function since cinacalcet suppressed PTH without affecting endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester completely abolished the effect of paricalcitol on improving endothelial function. These results demonstrate that VDR activation improves endothelial function in CKD.

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Quality evaluation of community pharmacy blood pressure (BP) screening services: an English cross-sectional survey with geospatial analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032342 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. e032342 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ravina Barrett ◽

James Hodgkinson

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Community Pharmacy ◽

Value Added ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Service Utilisation ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

Service Redesign ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesThe primary objective was to assess the accuracy (calibration and validation status) of digital blood pressure (BP) monitors used within community pharmacy in England and the secondary objectives were to assess the overall quality of the BP service by assessing service prevalence, service utilisation and other in-service considerations.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingPrimary-care retail-pharmacies.Participants500 pharmacies that contribute to government dispensing-data were invited by post to complete the survey. Private contractors were excluded.InterventionsWe conducted a questionnaire survey with a follow-up (September 2018 to December 2018).Results109 responses were received. 61% (n=66) of responding pharmacies provided a free BP check to their patients. 40 (61%) pharmacies used recommended validated clinical metres, 6 (9%) had failed validation and 20 (30%) provided too little information to enable us to determine their monitor’s status.ConclusionsResponding pharmacies were able to provide useful BP monitoring services to their patients, though quality enhancements need to be implemented. Majority of pharmacies use validated BP monitors, however, there was a lack of range of cuff sizes, variation in replacement and calibration of monitors and apparent absence of such practice in a minority of pharmacies alongside variation in training standards. We noted higher frequency of BP screening in the most deprived postcodes.We recommend in-service redesign and delivery improvements, and suggest professional bodies and researchers work together to create clearer frameworks for front-line practitioners, creating appropriate incentives to facilitate this service redesign.Funders and policy setters should consider the value added to the National Health Service and other healthcare agencies of such screening by pharmacy providers both nationally and internationally. It has the potential to reduce complications of undiagnosed hypertension and the medicines burden that it creates. Future work should examine the impact of pharmacist-led BP screening on patients.

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Impaired Daytime Urinary Sodium Excretion Impacts Nighttime Blood Pressure and Nocturnal Dipping at Older Ages in the General Population

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12072013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 2013

Author(s):

Rosaria Del Giorno ◽

Chiara Troiani ◽

Sofia Gabutti ◽

Kevyn Stefanelli ◽

Sandro Puggelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Sodium Excretion ◽

Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽

Urinary Sodium ◽

P Value ◽

Excretion Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nocturnal Dipping ◽

Nighttime Blood Pressure ◽

The Impact

The circadian rhythm of urinary sodium excretion is related to the diurnal blood pressure regulation (BP) and the nocturnal dipping pattern. The renal sodium excretion expressed as daytime/nighttime ratio impacts BP, but a limited number of studies have investigated this topic to date. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the impact of different daily patterns of sodium excretion (comparing low with high ratios) on BP and nocturnal dipping and to explore the relationship with age. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and daytime and nighttime urinary sodium collections were used to assess 1062 subjects in Switzerland. Analyses were performed according to the day/night urinary sodium excretion ratio quartiles (Q1–Q4) and by age group (≤50 and ≥50 years). Subjects in Q1 can be considered low excretors of sodium during the daytime since the rate of sodium excretion during the daytime was 40% lower than that of subjects in Q4. Quartiles of the day/night urinary sodium excretion ratio showed that subjects in Q1 were 7 years older and had respectively 6 and 5 mmHg higher nighttime systolic and diastolic BP and a higher nocturnal dipping compared with subjects in Q4 (p-value ≤0.001). Associations found were significant only for subjects older than 50 years (all p < 0.05). The present results suggest that a decreased capacity to excrete sodium during daytime is more prevalent as age increases and that it impacts nighttime blood pressure and nocturnal dipping in older subjects.

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The Otsego-Schoharie healthy heart program: prevention of cardiovascular disease in the rural US

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/14034948010290021501 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 29 (56_suppl) ◽

pp. 21-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A.N. Nafziger ◽

T.A. Erb ◽

P.L. Jenkins ◽

C. Lewis ◽

T.A. Pearson

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Rural Population ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Community Intervention ◽

Panel Study ◽

New York State ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Objectives: To describe a rural, hospital-based public health intervention program and to evaluate its effectiveness in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction using cross-sectional studies and a panel study. Methods: A rural population of 158,000 located in New York state comprised the intervention population. A similar but separate population was used for reference. A multifaceted, multimedia 5-year program provided health promotion and education initiatives to increase physical activity, decrease smoking, improve nutrition, and identify hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, surveys were conducted at baseline in 1989 (cross-sectional) and at follow-up in 1994- 95 (cross-sectional and panel). For cross-sectional studies, a random sample of adults was obtained using a three-stage cluster design. Self-reported and objective risk factor measurements were obtained. Comparison of pre- to post- changes in intervention versus reference populations was done using 2× 2randomized block ANOVA, 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA, and extension of the McNemar test. Results: Smoking prevalence declined (from 27.9% to 17.6%) in the intervention population. Significant adverse trends were observed for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Systolic blood pressure was reduced while diastolic blood pressure remained stable. Body mass index increased significantly in both populations. Conclusions: This rural, 5-year CVD community intervention program decreased smoking. The risk reduction may be attributable to tailoring of a multifaceted approach (multiple risk factors, multiple messages, and multiple population subgroups) to a target rural population. The study period was too short to identify changes in CVD morbidity and mortality.

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Trends of Prevalence of Uncontrolled Risk Factors for Cerebrocardiovascular Disease: Southern Italy from 1988/9 to 2008/9

Cholesterol ◽

10.1155/2016/6087981 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Vincenzo Capuano ◽

Norman Lamaida ◽

Ernesto Capuano ◽

Rocco Capuano ◽

Eduardo Capuano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Risk Factor Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

The aim of this study was to determine the trends of cardiovascular risk factor prevalence between 1988/9 and 2008/9 in the 25–74-year-old population in an area of Southern Italy. We compared three cross-sectional studies conducted in random population samples, in 1988/9, 1998/9, and 2008/9 in Salerno, Italy. The methodology of data collection (lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycaemia, and smoking) and conducting tests which the population underwent during the three phases was standardized and comparable. Prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking was calculated and standardized for age. A total of 3491 subjects were included. From 1988/9 to 2008/9, in males, the prevalence of all four risk factors was reduced. In women, there was a clear reduction of hypertension, a similar prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, and an increase of smoking and diabetes. In the area of Salerno, our data confirm that the global prevalence of the major risk factors is decreasing in men, but their absolute values are still far from optimization. In women, diabetes and smoking showed a negative trend, therefore requiring targeted interventions. These data are now used as a base for executive targeted programs to improve prevention of cardiovascular disease in our community.

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MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN A YOUNG WORKING POPULATION

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2013-3-40-42 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 40-42

Author(s):

N. A. Koryagina ◽

I. N. Ryamzina ◽

A. I. Shaposhnikova ◽

E. N. Koltyrina

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Working Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Working People

Aim. To assess the prevalence of major risk factors (RFs) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a young working population.Material and methods. This cross-sectional study included 1832 respondents (70% men and 30% women; mean age 29,44±8,6 years). The levels of blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TCH), and body mass index (BMI), as well as the prevalence of smoking, were assessed.Results. Elevated office BP levels were registered in 10,5%, and isolated ambulatory arterial hypertension (AH) in 10%. Overall, AH prevalence in this young working population was 20%. Elevated BP was registered in 34,2% of individuals with hypercholesterolemia (TCH >5 mmol/l), compared to 18,2% in people with TCH <5 mmol/l (p<0,001).Conclusion. The most prevalent CVD RFs in working people under 40 were obesity and AH.

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