Abstract WP564: Deep Immune Profiling of the Post-Stroke Peripheral Immune Response Reveals Tri-phasic Response and Correlations With Long-Term Cognitive Outcomes

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S Tsai ◽  
Ketura Berry ◽  
Maxime M Beneyto ◽  
Dyani Gaudilliere ◽  
Edward A Ganio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Phasic Response ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Peripheral Immune Response ◽  
Immune Profiling

Abstract 172: Medical and Demographic Predictors of Long-term Cognitive Outcomes of Pediatric Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice A Holland ◽  
Kimberly D Goodspeed ◽  
Patricia Plumb ◽  
Peter L Stavinoha ◽  
Michael Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Pediatric Stroke ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Studies examining cognitive outcomes for pediatric stroke are sparse, and few account for stroke severity. The Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM) provides an objective, comprehensive rating of neurological impairment. This study investigated the relationship between initial PSOM score and long-term cognitive outcomes. It was hypothesized that greater severity of stroke (worse initial PSOM score) would predict lower IQ at long-term follow-up. Other factors considered were age at stroke and months post stroke. Age-related studies in broad cognitive outcomes for pediatric stroke are sparse and somewhat inconsistent in findings. It was hypothesized that severity of stroke would be more relevant than age of stroke for long-term cognitive outcomes. Methods: PSOM scores at initial visit and IQ scores at long-term follow-up (M=3.77 years) were obtained for 84 survivors of pediatric stroke ages 4:0-25:6 (M=11:5 years; 37 females). A one-sample t-test was conducted to compare mean IQ to the normative sample. To examine the hypotheses, all variables of interest (PSOM, age at stroke, and months s/p) were entered into a stepwise regression equation. Results: Mean IQ for the sample was 84.77 (SD=17.26), significantly below average relative to healthy norms ( t =-8.088, p =.000). PSOM scores ranged 0-5.5 (median/mode=1.0). The regression was significant ( F =8.798; p =.000), with both PSOM score ( b =-.350; t [80]=-3.483; p =.001) and months post stroke ( b =-.355; t [80]=-3.005; p =.004) significantly contributing to the model, but not age at stroke. Conclusions: PSOM was more relevant than age at stroke in predicting long-term cognitive outcomes, and greater stroke severity was associated with lower IQ at follow-up. Finding suggest that initial PSOM score and greater time since stroke may be more relevant to long-term cognitive outcomes than age at stroke. The present study lends validity to using the PSOM both as a marker of functional severity of stroke and a potential indicator of relative risk for poorer long-term cognitive outcomes. Better predictors of cognitive outcomes for pediatric stroke are greatly needed in order to facilitate earlier intervention/rehabilitation and improve the efficacy of such efforts.

scholarly journals A year-long immune profile of the systemic response in acute stroke survivors

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 978-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S Tsai ◽  
Kacey Berry ◽  
Maxime M Beneyto ◽  
Dyani Gaudilliere ◽  
Edward A Ganio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Systemic Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
One Year ◽  
Immune Profiling

Whether the systemic immune response to stroke contributes to long-term disability is unclear. Using deep immune profiling of peripheral blood over a one-year period following ischaemic stroke, Tsai et al. identify three immunological phases characterized by sequential engagement of innate and adaptive immune compartments, which correlate with post-stroke cognitive trajectories.

Beneficial Effects of Fingolimod on Social Interaction, CNS and Peripheral Immune Response in the BTBR Mouse Model of Autism

Neuroscience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 435 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Roberta De Simone ◽  
Alessia Butera ◽  
Monica Armida ◽  
Antonella Pezzola ◽  
Monica Boirivant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Btbr Mouse ◽  
Peripheral Immune Response

scholarly journals Long-Term Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Lower Limb Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Emanuela Elena Mihai ◽  
Luminita Dumitru ◽  
Ilie Valentin Mihai ◽  
Mihai Berteanu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) on reducing lower limb post-stroke spasticity in adults. A systematic electronic search of PubMed/ MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE(R), and search engine of Google Scholar was performed. Publications that ranged from January 2010 to August 2020, published in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian language and available as full texts were eligible for inclusion and they were searched without any restrictions of country. The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Two authors screened the references, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The primary outcome was spasticity grade mainly assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Secondary outcomes were passive range of motion (PROM), pain intensity, electrophysiological parameters, gait assessment, and adverse events. A total of seven recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, and a beneficial effect on spasticity was found. The high level of evidence presented in this paper showed that ESWT ameliorates spasticity considering the parameters: MAS: standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.53; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): (0.07–0.99); Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS): SMD = 0.56; 95% CI: (0.01–1.12); Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): SMD = 0.35; 95% CI: (−0.21–0.91); PROM: SMD = 0.69; 95% CI: (0.20–1.19). ESWT presented long-term efficacy on lower limb post-stroke spasticity, reduced pain intensity, and increased range of motion. The effect of this novel and non-invasive therapy was significant and the intervention did not present adverse events, proving a satisfactory safety profile.

scholarly journals RhoA- and Actin-Dependent Functions of Macrophages from the Rodent Cardiac Transplantation Model Perspective -Timing Is the Essence

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Kloc ◽  
Ahmed Uosef ◽  
Martha Villagran ◽  
Robert Zdanowski ◽  
Jacek Z. Kubiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Chronic Rejection ◽  
Cardiac Transplantation ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Transplantation Model

The small GTPase RhoA, and its down-stream effector ROCK kinase, and the interacting Rac1 and mTORC2 pathways, are the principal regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and actin-related functions in all eukaryotic cells, including the immune cells. As such, they also regulate the phenotypes and functions of macrophages in the immune response and beyond. Here, we review the results of our and other’s studies on the role of the actin and RhoA pathway in shaping the macrophage functions in general and macrophage immune response during the development of chronic (long term) rejection of allografts in the rodent cardiac transplantation model. We focus on the importance of timing of the macrophage functions in chronic rejection and how the circadian rhythm may affect the anti-chronic rejection therapies.

scholarly journals Comparable Long-Term Rabies Immunity in Foxes after IntraMuscular and Oral Application Using a Third-Generation Oral Rabies Virus Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Verena te Kamp ◽  
Virginia Friedrichs ◽  
Conrad M. Freuling ◽  
Ad Vos ◽  
Madlin Potratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Oral Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Cellular Immune

The live genetically-engineered oral rabies virus (RABV) variant SPBN GASGAS induces long-lasting immunity in foxes and protection against challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of RABV field strains both after experimental oral and parenteral routes of administration. Induction of RABV-specific binding antibodies and immunoglobulin isotypes (IgM, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2) were comparable in orally and parenterally vaccinated foxes. Differences were only observed in the induction of virus-neutralizing (VNA) titers, which were significantly higher in the parenterally vaccinated group. The dynamics of rabies-specific antibodies pre- and post-challenge (365 days post vaccination) suggest the predominance of type-1 immunity protection of SPBN GASGAS. Independent of the route of administration, in the absence of IgG1 the immune response to SPBN GAGAS was mainly IgG2 driven. Interestingly, vaccination with SPBN GASGAS does not cause significant differences in inducible IFN-γ production in vaccinated animals, indicating a relatively weak cellular immune response during challenge. Notably, the parenteral application of SPBN GASGAS did not induce any adverse side effects in foxes, thus supporting safety studies of this oral rabies vaccine in various species.

scholarly journals Postural Control Disturbances Induced by Virtual Reality in Stroke Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Charles Morizio ◽  
Maxime Billot ◽  
Jean-Christophe Daviet ◽  
Stéphane Baudry ◽  
Christophe Barbanchon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Condition ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Subacute Stroke

People who survive a stroke are often left with long-term neurologic deficits that induce, among other impairments, balance disorders. While virtual reality (VR) is growing in popularity for postural control rehabilitation in post-stroke patients, studies on the effect of challenging virtual environments, simulating common daily situations on postural control in post-stroke patients, are scarce. This study is a first step to document the postural response of stroke patients to different challenging virtual environments. Five subacute stroke patients and fifteen age-matched healthy adults were included. All participants underwent posturographic tests in control conditions (open and closed eyes) and virtual environment without (one static condition) and with avatars (four dynamic conditions) using a head-mounted device for VR. In dynamic environments, we modulated the density of the virtual crowd (dense and light crowd) and the avoidance space with the avatars (near or far). Center of pressure velocity was collected by trial throughout randomized 30-s periods. Results showed that more challenging conditions (dynamic condition) induced greater postural disturbances in stroke patients than in healthy counterparts. Our study suggests that virtual reality environments should be adjusted in light of obtaining more or less challenging conditions.

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