scholarly journals Drinking Patterns and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Middle-Aged Adults

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Wookjin Yang ◽  
Dong-Wan Kang ◽  
Sue Young Ha ◽  
Seung-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
The Impact

Background and Purpose: Although it has been reported that the amount of alcohol consumption has a J-shaped association with ischemic stroke, it is unclear whether differences in drinking patterns affect this relationship. We aimed to clarify the impact of drinking patterns on ischemic stroke in midlife. Methods: We used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, which is a large-sized, standardized population cohort in Korea. Five different drinking patterns were defined by combining the frequency of alcohol consumption and quantity of alcohol consumed per occasion, that is, abstainers, not drinking alcohol; drinker group I, ≤30 g/d and <5 d/wk; drinker group II, ≤30 g/d and ≥5 d/wk; drinker group III, >30 g/d and <5 d/wk; and drinker group IV, >30 g/d and ≥5 d/wk. The association between the drinking patterns and ischemic stroke occurrence was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: A total of 152 469 middle-aged participants (mean age, 50.2 years; 72 285 men [47.4%]) were eligible for the analyses. The median follow-up time was 9.0 years. Compared with abstainers, those who drank <5 d/wk (drinker groups I and III) had a significantly lower risk of ischemic stroke (group I hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.59–0.85]; group III hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.68–0.93]) during the first 7 years from the baseline, while other drinker groups showed no such differences. However, the effect of drinking patterns on ischemic stroke risk was attenuated after the first 7 years. Conclusions: Reduced risk of ischemic stroke was observed in middle-aged participants with specific drinking patterns, but it was limited to the earlier period. Physicians should be cautious in educating patients on alcohol consumption, considering the long-term association between drinking patterns and ischemic stroke.

Mortality rates and risk factors for asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in medical patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (01) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Leizorovicz ◽  
Alexander Cohen ◽  
Alexander Turpie ◽  
Carl-Gustav Olsson ◽  
Samuel Goldhaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Compression Ultrasound ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryThe clinical importance of asymptomatic proximal and distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains uncertain and controversial. The aim of this retrospective,post-hoc analysis was to examine mortality and risk factors for development of proximal DVT in hospitalized patients with acute medical illness who were recruited into a randomized, prospective clinical trial of thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin (PREVENT).We analyzed 1738 patients who had not sustained a symptomatic venous thromboembolic event by Day 21 and who had a complete compression ultrasound of the proximal and distal leg veins on Day 21. We examined the 90-day mortality rates in patients with asymptomatic proximal DVT (Group I, N = 80), asymptomatic distal DVT (Group II, N = 118) or no DVT (Group III, N = 1540).The 90-day mortality rates were 13.75%, 3.39%, and 1.92% for Groups I–III, respectively. The difference in mortality between Group I and Group III was significant (hazard ratio 7.63, 95% CI = 3.8–15.3;p < 0.0001),whereas the difference between Groups II and III did not reach significance (hazard ratio 1.36, 95% CI = 0.41–4.45).The association of asymptomatic proximal DVT with increased mortality remained highly significant after adjusting for differences in baseline demographics and clinical variables. Risk factors significantly associated with the development of proximal DVT included advanced age (p = 0.0005), prior DVT (p = 0.001), and varicose veins (p = 0.04). In conclusion, the high mortality rate in patients with asymptomatic proximal DVT underscores its clinical relevance and supports targeting of asymptomatic proximal DVT as an appropriate endpoint in clinical trials of thromboprophylaxis.

Impact of supplementing commercial rabbit pellets with fresh Moringa oleifera leaves on semen characteristics in rabbit bucks under tropical climate in Trinidad

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Mohan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
The Impact

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the dietary supplement of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) on semen quality and characteristics in rabbits. Methods Eighteen (n=18) breeding bucks of New Zealand white, of similar age group, were used for the study. Three feeding regimes, (i) 100% commercial rabbit pellets (CRP)-Group I (ii) 90% CRP + 10% fresh MOL on a dry matter (DM) basis – Group II and (iii) 80% CRP + 20% fresh MOL on a DM basis – Group III, were adopted and the trial continued for 21 days. After adaptation to the diet, semen was collected from each buck and subjected to evaluation using a computer-assisted semen analyser. Results In Group III, the sperm count, normal sperm morphology, and sperm motility increased (52.0%) in comparison with the control (Group I; 50.1%). The inclusion of 20% Moringa oliefera in the diet (Group III) caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in semen concentration (Control =136.2 M/mL; Group III=297.2 M/mL). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in sperm motility and semen volume among the groups. Conclusion The results suggest that supplementing commercial rabbit pellets with 20% fresh Moringa oliefera leaves on a DM basis can improve the quality and characteristics of semen in breeding bucks.

HIV/AIDS-related sexual risk behaviors in male rural-to-urban migrants in China

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingzhong Yang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Abu Saleh Abdullah ◽  
Jennifer Beard ◽  
Chengjian Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Middle Aged Male

There is a lack of research concerning the connection between HIV-related sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) and the psychological characteristics of middle-aged male migrants in China. This study was aimed at describing how psychological characteristics affected the SRBs of migrant men in two Chinese cities. A cross-sectional survey in Hangzhou and Guangzhou was used to collect sociodemographic and psychological data from male migrants over 3 age groups: 20-29 (Group I), 30-39 (Group II), and 40-59 years (Group III). The mean incidence of the participants' extramarital sex was higher in Group I than Group III, while the mean Hedonism Seeking Scale (Yang et al., 2006) score was higher in Group III than Group I. Results suggest that poor health status, higher stress levels and higher hedonism seeking increase sexual risk taking in middle-aged male migrants, while the longer the duration of living in an urban area and living with a partner reduce such behaviors in all groups.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE AND NON-COGNITIVE CHARACTERISTICS PREDICTING ACADEMIC SUCCESS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Yadav ◽  
Noor us Saba ◽  
Mohd. Tariq Zaidi ◽  
Nafis Ahmad Faruqi ◽  
Mohd. Faheem
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Medical undergraduates need to possess the ability to acquire knowledge on a wide range of subjects over short period of time. Medical schools worldwide use different methodologies to select ideal candidates, which include cognitive factors and non-cognitive factors. A proper selection will minimize failures during the beginning semesters and will ensure student’s capacity to withstand the standard of training. Therefore, we have decided to study the impact of cognitive and non-cognitive factors in predicting the academic success among medical students. Material & Methods: The study was a survey of 150 first year medical students of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, admitted in 2018. A data was collected from the Department of Anatomy for initial three part completion tests performance and class attendance, which was tabulated along with the information received from the questionnaire i.e. age, gender, percent secured and language in school, National eligibility cum entrance test (NEET) attempt and marks, residence, category for premedical (PMT) selection (general/ non-resident Indians (NRIs)/ handicap), parents occupation, siblings, family (nuclear/joint/rural/urban), hobbies, time management during PC (part completion) tests, coaching before PMT) given to each student separately. Observation & Results: Students were observed to lie in three groups according to their performance in PC tests: group I (>60%), group II (50-59.9%), group III (<50%). All the cognitive and non-cognitive factors were compared. Conclusion: Both cognitive and non-cognitive factors play an important role in the outcome of a medical student. Factors positively influencing the performance of a selected candidate in medical schools cannot be simply based on previous academic performance.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Quality of Life Indices in Case of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia on the Background of Atypical Neuroleptic Agents Application and Improvement of Comorbidity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Romash ◽  
Mykhailo Vynnyk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Atypical Neuroleptic ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Neuroleptic Therapy ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the research was to study the features of quality of life dynamics depending on clinical and psychopathological symptoms in patients with paranoid schizophrenia asso ciated with metabolic syndrome on the background of long-term neuroleptic therapy and to study the eff ectiveness of concomitant corrective therapy. 140 patients with paranoid schizophrenia (F20.0) were examined and divided into three groups. Group I included 40 patients who received haloperidol at an ave rage daily dose of 4.6 ± 1.3 mg/day, Group II consisted of 40 patients who received risperidone (3.7 ± 1.8 mg/day), Group III included 40 patients who received quetiapine (413 ± 116 mg/day). Half of the patients in each of the presented groups continued to receive neuroleptic therapy according to the above mentioned regimen, and the other half of the patients received metformin hydro chloride at a dose of 500 mg/day in addition to the standard therapy. The cont rol group consisted of 20 patients diag nosed with "paranoid schizophrenia, remission", without metabolic syndrome signs, who had not received neuroleptics for the past six months. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Status Questionnaire (SF-36) were used to study the patients’ mental health in detail. In this research, we monitored the impact of comorbidity on quality of life indices in the patients with long-lasting treatment of schizophrenia by neuroleptic agents, and noted that concomitant corrective therapy was appropriate in terms of compliance increase and quality of life indices improvement in the studied category of patients. Keywords: paranoid schizophrenia, metabolic syndrome, atypical neuroleptic agents, quality of life

scholarly journals Opposing patterns in self-reported and measured physical activity levels in middle-aged adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Luo ◽  
Raymond Y. W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Musculoskeletal Health ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

AbstractPhysical activity brings significant health benefits to middle-aged adults, although the research to date has been focused on late adulthood. This study aims to examine how ageing affects the self-reported and accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity levels in middle-aged adults. We employed the data recorded in the UK Biobank and analysed the physical activity levels of 2,998 participants (1381 men and 1617 women), based on self-completion questionnaire and accelerometry measurement of physical activity. We also assessed the musculoskeletal health of the participants using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements provided by the UK Biobank. Participants were categorised into three groups according to their age: group I younger middle-aged (40 to 49 years), group II older middle-aged (50 to 59 years), and group III oldest middle-aged (60 to 69 years). Self-reported physical activity level increased with age and was the highest in group III, followed by group II and I (P < 0.05). On the contrary, physical activity measured by accelerometry decreased significantly with age from group I to III (P < 0.05), and the same pertained to the measurements of musculoskeletal health (P < 0.05). It was also shown that middle-aged adults mostly engaged in low and moderate intensity activities. The opposing trends of the self-reported and measured physical activity levels may suggest that middle-aged adults over-report their activity level as they age. They should be aware of the difference between their perceived and actual physical activity levels, and objective measures would be useful to prevent the decline in musculoskeletal health.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SMOKING ON ORAL HYGIENE PARAMETERS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
I. Lisetska ◽  
M. Rozhko
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Impact

Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of dental diseases is remaining high among the population. It is known that the pathogenesis of dental diseases is strongly associated with smoking. Maintaining proper oral hygiene is an important factor in the prevention of dental diseases. Therefore, the question of studying the impact of smoking on the oral hygiene status in adolescents and young adults is quite relevant as it can promote further development of more effective preventive measures. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of smoking on the oral hygiene parameters in adolescents and young adults. Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (Green-Vermillion, 1964) was applied to assess the oral hygiene status in 114 adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 years, who were divided into groups: group I included 26 people who smoked traditional cigarettes on regular basis; group II included 22 people who smoked electronic cigarettes (Vapes); group III involved 23 people who used to smoke tobacco heating devices (IQOS); group IV included 43 non-smokers. The subjects of group I were found to have an unsatisfactory oral hygiene status, their OHI-S index was equal to 1.77 ± 0.02 scores. The subjects of group II demonstrated 1, 53±0, 01 scores, and the subjects of group III – 1.46±0.02 scores that corresponds to a satisfactory level of hygiene. The subjects of group IV, whose oral hygiene status was also satisfactory, had 0.87±0.03 scores. The study has shown that the state of oral hygiene is affected by smoking of traditional cigarettes or alternative smoking devices and smoking duration. Therefore, much attention should be paid and more efforts should be applied to promote smoking cessation and to elaborate the algorithm of medical and preventive dental care for those who is still smoking.

scholarly journals Advancing alcohol research in low-income and middle-income countries: a global alcohol environment framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e001958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Walls ◽  
Sarah Cook ◽  
Richard Matzopoulos ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
The Impact

Alcohol-related harm has gained increased attention in high-income countries (HICs) in recent years which, alongside government regulation, has effected a reduction in alcohol consumption. The alcohol industry has turned its attention to low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) markets as a new source of growth and profit, prompting increased consumption in LMICS. Alcohol use in LMICs is also increasing. There is a need to understand particularly in LMICs the impact of industry strategy in shaping local contexts of alcohol use. We draw on conceptualisations from food systems research, and research on the commercial determinants of health, to develop a new approach for framing alcohol research and discuss implications for alcohol research, particularly in LMICs, focusing on South Africa as an illustrative example. We propose a conceptualisation of the ‘alcohol environment’ as the system of alcohol provision, acquisition and consumption—including, critically, industry advertising and marketing—along with the political, economic and regulatory context of the alcohol industry that mediates people’s alcohol drinking patterns and behaviours. While each country and region is different in terms of its context of alcohol use, we contrast several broadly distinct features of alcohol environments in LMICs and HICs. Improving understanding of the full spectrum of influences on drinking behaviour, particularly in LMICs, is vital to inform the design of interventions and policies to facilitate healthier environments and reduce the harms associated with alcohol consumption. Our framework for undertaking alcohol research may be used to structure mixed methods empirical research examining the role of the alcohol environment particularly in LMICs.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Various Types of Psychological Correction of Anxiety in Primary School

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Olga P. Bartosh ◽  
Tatiana P. Bartosh
Keyword(s):  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Therapy Sessions ◽  
Healthy Personality

At various stages of the development and education of children, there are psychoemotional difficulties that create prerequisites for impairment of the development of the child’s personality. The timely detection of difficulties in schoolchildren and therapeutic efforts are important for the formation of a psychologically healthy personality. The study of the effectiveness of various remedial techniques for childhood anxiety has therefore become theoretically and practically significant. The purpose of our study is to determine the effectiveness of various types of such therapeutic efforts: social and psychological training, a method of biological feedback, and Sandplay for the indicators of childhood anxiety among younger schoolchildren. The study was conducted in the school of Magadan, northeast of Russia (9–10-year-old students, n = 43). We used a standardized method of Multidimensional Assessment of Child Anxiety which included 10 scales. The following therapeutic efforts were used: sociopsychological training (SPT), biofeedback method (BFB), individual and group Sandplay. Students of group I (n = 12) participated only in the SPT. Students of group II (n = 11) participated in the SPT and underwent a course of training in self-regulation using the BFB method. In therapy work with the students of group III (n = 20), the SPT, BFB, individual and group Sandplay were used. In group I, after the therapy sessions, a significant decrease in anxiety was observed in 3 of 10 scales (2, 6, 7; p < 0.05). In group II, it was seen in 5 scales (1, 3, 6, 7, 8; p < 0.05). In group III, significant improvements took place in 7 scales (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10; p < 0.01–p < 0.05). The present study has shown the different efficacy of applying the remedial techniques separately and in combination. The use of the therapy methods, in the complex, enhances the impact on the types of child anxiety.

scholarly journals Obesity and Recurrent Vascular Risk After a Recent Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3397-3402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Ovbiagele ◽  
Philip M. Bath ◽  
Daniel Cotton ◽  
Richard Vinisko ◽  
Hans-Christoph Diener
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
The Impact

Background and Purpose— Although obesity is an established risk factor for the occurrence of a primary stroke, little is known about the impact of baseline obesity on recurrent vascular risk among patients with recently symptomatic cerebrovascular disease. We evaluated the association of obesity with future vascular risk in patients with a recent history of stroke. Methods— We analyzed the database of a multicenter trial involving 20 332 patients with recent ischemic stroke followed for 2.5 years. Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to recognized body mass index categories representing lean, overweight, and obese. Primary outcome was time to first recurrent stroke and secondary outcome time to stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. The independent association of obesity with outcome was assessed by controlling for other known risk factors. Results— Of 20 246 eligible subjects, 4805 (24%) were obese. After adjusting for confounders, compared with the lean group, being overweight (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.85–1.06) or obese (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83–1.08) was not associated with increased recurrent stroke risk, but being overweight (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77–0.92) or obese (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.96) was associated with lower risk of a major vascular event. Conclusions— Obesity is not related to recurrent stroke risk, but obese patients with stroke are at lower overall vascular risk than their leaner counterparts, supporting the widely held notion of the existence of a cardiovascular “obesity paradox.”

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