Management of Cross-border Migration: Thailand as a Case of Net Immigration

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyuth Chalamwong ◽  
Jidapa Meepien ◽  
Khanittha Hongprayoon
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
Capital Intensive

Abstract The increase of migrant workers into the Kingdom of Thailand began in the mid-1980s and early 1990s when Thailand was in transition from a low-end labour-intensive economy, to a capital-intensive one. The role of migrant workers became even more evident when Thailand encountered the economic crisis of the mid-1990s. Current statistics indicate that Thailand receives more than a million migrant workers from neighbouring countries, including Myanmar, Lao PDR and Cambodia. This paper traces the five stages of the Royal Thai Government’s (RTG) policies to managing cross-border migration and migrant worker issues in Thailand. It argues that despite the introduction of policies of management of the issue, migrant workers are vulnerable to human trafficking. Furthermore, as more often than not migrant workers are irregular migrants, they are treated as a risk to national security. As such they are vulnerable to labour exploitation. This paper analyses the problems in policy and legal enforcement between countries of origin and the RTG, suggesting ways in which these problems can be overcome to ensure compliance with international norms, and thus the responsibility of the RTG to its ‘foreign workers’.

scholarly journals MODEL PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM INTEGRATIF BURUH MIGRAN INDONESIA DALAM MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasyid Saliman ◽  
E. Vita Mutiarawati
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Industrial Relation ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Labor Contract ◽  
The Government

The effort of providing protection for all Indonesian migrant workers abroad is focused on two categories. Firstly, the phase of pre-departure of Indonesian migrant workers in which an approach of cross sectors is carried out by both the Indonesian government and the private agencies in order to prepare them with all the things needed when they arrive at countries of their destination. Secondly is the phase of arrival and post-arrival of Indonesian migrant workers abroad. As in Malaysia, the policy on the arragenment of labor affairs either for Malaysian workers or for foreign workers is officially and legally protected in Labor Act of 1955, Industrial Relation Act of 1967, Trade Union Act of 1959, and in Compensation Act of 1952. The process of labor trials is settled through The Labor Court. This Labor Court no more handles the process of trial of illegally foreign workers. There are needs of establishing Labor Cooperation Agreement (LCA) on the ministerail level, Implementaion Agreement serving as the general policy on the executors level as well as Standardized Labor Contract which has been amended. The establishments of Labor Cooperation Agreement, Implementing Agreement and Standardized Labor Contract should occur before all workers leave Indonesia and are aimed at providing legal protection for every single Indonesian migrant worker. In order that there is no collision between the Malaysian laws and Indonesian laws, the government officials of related issues of both countries must do observations and conduct discussions without neglecting the prevail laws of each country. Any issue of labor affairs should always be referred to the laws of both countries.

scholarly journals PERAN ASEAN DAN NEGARA ANGGOTA ASEAN TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN PEKERJA MIGRAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Ade Irawan Taufik
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Council Meeting ◽  
Textual Study ◽  
Legal Instrument ◽  
Asean Member

Isu pekerja migran bukan hal baru, namun masih isu yang aktual, karena masih banyak terjadinya sisi negatif berupa perlakuan yang tidak manusiawi terhadap pekerja migran. Dalam lingkup ASEAN, Indonesia bukan satu-satunya negara pengirim pekerja migran, namun terdapat negara lain dengan negara tujuan yang hampir sama. Permasalahan yang dialami oleh pekerja migran dari negara-negara tersebut pada dasarnya hampir sama dengan yang dialami oleh pekerja migran dari Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahan, yakni bagaimana peran ASEAN dalam melindungi pekerja migran dan bagaimana kesiapan instrumen hukum Indonesia dan negara-negara anggota ASEAN lainnya dalam melindungi pekerja migran. Dengan menggunakan metode studi tekstual, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa peran ASEAN dalam melindungi pekerja migran telah tertuang di Piagam ASEAN yang dielaborasikan ke dalam 3 (tiga) pilar Komunitas ASEAN, namun peran tersebut tidak dapat maksimal karena tidak terciptanya konsesus dalam penyusunan instrumen perlindungan hak pekerja migran. Rekomendasi terhadap kebuntuan tersebut adalah dengan membawa dan membahasnya ke dalam pertemuan Dewan Komunitas ASEAN, karena isu tersebut merupakan isu lintas komunitas. Peran ASEAN sangat tergantung kepada upaya masing-masing negara anggota ASEAN dalam merumuskan regulasi dalam hukum nasionalnya masing-masing untuk mengimplemantasikan instrumen ASEAN terkait perlindungan pekerja migran, namun hal ini belum didukung dengan peran negara anggota ASEAN yang relatif rendah dalam komitmen perlindungan pekerja migran.<p>The issue of migrant workers is not new, but still the current issue, because there were lots of negative sides in the form of inhumane treatment of migrant workers. Within the scope of ASEAN, Indonesia is not the only sending countries of migrant workers. There were other countries whose sending its migrant workers with similar destinations with Indonesia. Problems faced by migrant workers from those countries are basically the same as experienced by Indonesian migrant workers. This research discusses the problem, namely how ASEAN’s role in protecting migrant workers and how’s Indonesia and other ASEAN member countries legal instrument readiness to protect migrant workers. By using the method of textual study, it was concluded that the role of ASEAN in the protection of migrant workers has been stated in the ASEAN Charter elaborated into three (3) pillars of the ASEAN Community, nevertheless that roles cannot be maximized for there were no consensus in creating the protection of the rights of migrant workers instruments. Recommendation to the impasse is to bring and discuss it in the ASEAN Community Council meeting, because the issue is a cross-community issue. ASEAN’s role in implementing ASEAN instrument on the protection of migrant worker is dependent upon the efforts of each ASEAN member countries in formulating regulations in their respective domestic laws. Nevertheless, their commitments to the protection of migrant workers are relatively poor.</p>

scholarly journals Assitance of Female Migrant Workers (Case Study of the Migrant Workers Care Village Program (Desbumi) in Darek Village, Southwest Praya District, Central Lombok Regency)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Rohimi Rohimi
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Soft Skill ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
Female Migrant

<p><em>In this study, researchers examined the role of the Village Care for Migrant Workers (Desbumi) program in mentoring female migrant workers in Darek Village, Praya Barat Daya District, Central Lombok Regency. This research is field research with data collection steps, namely interviews, documentation and observation. Therefore, this research aims o find out female migrant worker assistance patterns through the Desbumi program in Darek Village, Praya Barat Daya District, Central Lombok Regency. The results and discussion in this study are that the Desbumi program has three roles. First. Information center provides information to migrant workers about safe and legal migration (safety migrations). Second is the mobility data center, which assists prospective migrant workers in arranging migration filings at the village office. Third, the center for case advocacy, namely the role in providing protection and assistance to migrant workers who experience problems abroad.</em> <em>Meanwhile, the pattern of assisting female migrant workers in the Desbumi program approach is namely. First, pre-work mentoring, namely conducting socialization to the community by bringing migration flyers that have been given by Migrant Care and from the BNP2TKI office in Central Lombok Regency. It then provides an opportunity for people to ask questions about safe migration. Second, after work assistance, the Desbumi program can carry out consolidation and integration with Migrant Care, PPK and BNP2TKI if they encounter problems with migrant workers abroad. Furthermore, they confirm through social media with the Desbumi program in Darek Village, Praya Barat Daya District, Central Lombok Regency. Third, post-work mentoring, where former migrant workers are empowered in the village with various empowerment approaches. These approaches included making crackers, chips, sewing training and soft skills activities supported by the village government, Migrant Care, the Mataram City Panca Karsa Association (PPK), and BNP2TKI Central Lombok Regency </em></p><p> </p><p>Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengkaji peran dari program Desa Peduli Buruh Migran (Desbumi) dalam pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan langkah pengumpulan data yakni wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Oleh karenaitu, tujuan dalam penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan melalui program Desbumi di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini yakni, bahwasannya program Desbumi memiliki tiga peran seperti. Pertama. Pusat Informasi yakni untuk memberikan informasi pada buruh migrant tentang bermigrasi yang aman yang legal. Kedua, pusat data mobilitas yakni untuk membantu calon buruh migrant mengurus pemberkasan migrasi di kantor desa. Ketiga, pusat advokasi kasus yakni peran dalam memberikan perlindungan dan pendampingan pada buruh migran yang mengalami permasalahan di luar negeri. Sedangkan pola pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan dalam pendekatan program Desbumi yakni. Pertama, pendampingan sebelum bekerja yakni melakukan sosialisasi ke masyarakat dengan membawa pamphlet migrasi yang sudah diberikan oleh pihak Migrant Care serta dari kantor BNP2TKI Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Kemudian memberikan kesempatan bagi masyarakat untuk bertanya tentang migrasi yang aman. Kedua, pendampingan setelah bekerja yakni program Desbumi dapat melakukan dengan konsolidasi dan integrasi dengan Migran Care, PPK dan BNP2TKI jika menerima problematika buruh migran di luar negeri, dan melakukan konfirmasi melalui media social dengan adanya program Desbumi di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Ketiga, pendampingan purna bekerja yakni mantan buruh migrant diperdayakan di desa dengan berbagai pendekatan pemberdayaan yakni pembuatan kerupuk, keripik, pelatihan menjahit dan kegiatan soft skill yang di dukung oleh pemerintah desa, pihak Migran Care, pihak Perkumpulan Panca Karsa (PPK) Kota Mataram, dan BNP2TKI Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengkaji peran dari program Desa Peduli Buruh Migran (Desbumi) dalam pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan langkah pengumpulan data yakni wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Oleh karenaitu, tujuan dalam penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan melalui program Desbumi di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini yakni, bahwasannya program Desbumi memiliki tiga peran seperti. Pertama. Pusat Informasi yakni untuk memberikan informasi pada buruh migrant tentang bermigrasi yang aman yang legal. Kedua, pusat data mobilitas yakni untuk membantu calon buruh migrant mengurus pemberkasan migrasi di kantor desa. Ketiga, pusat advokasi kasus yakni peran dalam memberikan perlindungan dan pendampingan pada buruh migran yang mengalami permasalahan di luar negeri. Sedangkan pola pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan dalam pendekatan program Desbumi yakni. Pertama, pendampingan sebelum bekerja yakni melakukan sosialisasi ke masyarakat dengan membawa pamphlet migrasi yang sudah diberikan oleh pihak Migrant Care serta dari kantor BNP2TKI Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Kemudian memberikan kesempatan bagi masyarakat untuk bertanya tentang migrasi yang aman. Kedua, pendampingan setelah bekerja yakni program Desbumi dapat melakukan dengan konsolidasi dan integrasi dengan Migran Care, PPK dan BNP2TKI jika menerima problematika buruh migran di luar negeri, dan melakukan konfirmasi melalui media social dengan adanya program Desbumi di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Ketiga, pendampingan purna bekerja yakni mantan buruh migrant diperdayakan di desa dengan berbagai pendekatan pemberdayaan yakni pembuatan kerupuk, keripik, pelatihan menjahit dan kegiatan soft skill yang di dukung oleh pemerintah desa, pihak Migran Care, pihak Perkumpulan Panca Karsa (PPK) Kota Mataram, dan BNP2TKI Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. </p>

Translating People and Policy: The Role of Maid Agents in Brokering between Employers and Migrant Domestic Workers in Singapore’s Migration Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-1015
Author(s):  
Kellynn Wee ◽  
Charmian Goh ◽  
Brenda S.A. Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Labor Market Intermediaries ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Language Brokers ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
Migrant Domestic Workers

There has been a surge of recent interest in the migration industries that facilitate the movement of migrants, particularly that of low-waged laborers engaged in temporary contracts abroad. This article extends this research to include migration brokers working in destination contexts, thus drawing analytical attention to the arrival infrastructures that incorporate migrants into host societies. Based on ethnographic research involving the employment agents who recruit women migrating from Indonesia to work as migrant domestic workers in Singapore, we use the concept of “translation” as a broad theoretical metaphor to understand how brokers actively fashion knowledge between various actors, scales, interfaces, and entities. First, we argue that through the interpretation of language, brokers continually modulate meaning in the encounters between potential employers and employees at the agency shopfront, reproducing particular dynamics of power between employers and workers while coperforming the hirability of the migrant worker. Second, we show how brokers operate within the discretionary space between multiple sets of regulations in order to selectively inscribe the text of policy into migrant workers’ lives. By interrogating the process of translation and clarifying the latitude migration brokers have in shaping the working and living conditions of international labor migrants, the article contributes to the growing conceptual literature on how labor-market intermediaries contour migration markets.

Case Study: Foreign Workers in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-746
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mohammad Maniruzzaman Al Masud ◽  
Rohana Binti Hamzah ◽  
Hasan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
The Impact

Malaysia has become a popular destination for many foreign workers since getting independence in 1957, owing to its rapidly growing economy and industrialisation. Most of the migrant workers in Malaysia are low-skilled or uneducated, and public debate is going on their outcome, whether it is substantial or not. The purpose of this study is to manifest the role and contribution of imported labour to the Malaysian economy. Evidence is collected from secondary sources- journal article, relevant books, and online databases. The review finds that the impact of migrant labour on Malaysian growth has not been studied holistically and sufficiently. Existing evidence shows that although it is somewhat positive, the public attitude is most adverse to illegal and irregular migrants. Therefore, more empirical research is required to determine the role of imported temporary workers on the economy of Malaysia, for its ongoing vision- to become a high-income nation.

The Changing Characteristics of Migrant Workers in Kuwait

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasra M. Shah ◽  
Sulayman S. Al-Qudsi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Industrial Distribution ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Temporary Migrant ◽  
Development Plans

Kuwait is one of the gulf countries that has imported large numbers of temporary migrant workers over the last decade or so. The import of such workers was necessitated by the ambitious development plans that were made possible by the oil bonanza after 1973. Even prior to this influx, however, more than 70 percent of the labor force in Kuwait consisted of foreign workers. As the country has gone through economic and other changes, its goals concerning the magnitude and structure of the migrant worker population have undergone substantial revisions. These changes are reflected in such indicators as number of migrant workers; occupational and industrial distribution of the labor force; demographic, ethnic, and educational characteristics of this labor force; and related wage levels. An examination of the above changes is the objective of the present study.

Organising Discontent: NGOs for Southeast Asian Migrant Workers in Hong Kong

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Sim
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
World War ◽  
Border Community ◽  
Catalytic Role

In the five decades after World War II, diverse non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have proliferated in different parts of the world to address a variety of issues ranging from humanitarian aid to human rights. At the same time, the volume of vitriolic criticisms levelled against them have also risen. This paper seeks to identify the types of changes NGOs are able to bring about in society. By adapting and applying David Korten's (1990) typology of NGOs, the author undertakes a comparative analysis of NGOs in Hong Kong that are involved with the improvement of foreign workers' rights and welfare. The argument is that the different strategies adopted by the NGOs have wrought social changes in diverse ways, from the provision of welfare assistance to the mass mobilisation of workers, in both sending and receiving countries. This is an example of the catalytic role of NGOs in contributing to a trans-border "community of sentiment" (Appadurai, 1990).

Musical resistance and musical bodies in the making: A worker-band from southern China

2021 ◽  
pp. 136787792110117
Author(s):  
Vincent Guangsheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Southern China ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Musical Production ◽  
And Performance

This study explores the role of the body in the making of a migrant worker-band and the potential for musical production and performance activities to reshape workers’ cultural subjectivities. A framework of reflexive embodiment is used to understand how musical production and performance activities shape the cultural subjectivities of migrant workers through three bodily processes: body as text/text as body, body as instrument and body in performance. By highlighting the bodily dimension, this article seeks to broadly engage with and advance scholarship on the nexus between cultural practices and the formation of working-class subjectivity, and to specifically enrich our understanding of the migrant workers in contemporary China. This alternative musical practice is a form of ‘musical resistance’ that is not only culturally remaking working-class bodies but also providing cultural resources for the solidarity of the working-class community.

scholarly journals TINGKAT PERUBAHAN KESEJAHTERAAN EKONOMI KELUARGA BURUH MIGRAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-144
Author(s):  
Babun Ni’matur Rohmah ◽  
Riska Ayu Purnama Sari
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
The Status

Gondanglegi sub district is occupying the first position as the largest supplier of migrant workers in the area of ​​South Malang in 2014. This research focuses on Panggungrejo Village as the object of research. A village with area of ​​203 km2, population of 1,877 people consisting of 866 men and 1,011 women. This village pervades 12 RTs, and this research took 2 RTs namely RT 5 and 6, with 5 respondents. These five respondents are representatives of various migrant workers. Some represent their wives as migrant workers, husbands and children. This study uses the theory of social mobility; a change, shift, increase or decrease of the status and role of its members. Welfare indicators used are economic, educational, social and health. The result of the research shows that there is a change of the respondents’ life level in terms of economic, social, educational and even health compared to prior becoming migrant worker, although the rate of change is not too significant. Keywords: Welfare, Migrant Worker, Social Mobility.

scholarly journals Rurally rooted cross-border migrant workers from Myanmar, Covid-19, and agrarian movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saturnino M. Borras ◽  
Jennifer C. Franco ◽  
Doi Ra ◽  
Tom Kramer ◽  
Mi Kamoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Food Justice ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Working People ◽  
Practical Politics

AbstractThis paper examines the situation of rurally rooted cross-border migrant workers from Myanmar during the Covid-19 pandemic. It looks at the circumstances of the migrants prior to the global health emergency, before exploring possibilities for a post-pandemic future for this stratum of the working people by raising critical questions addressed to agrarian movements. It does this by focusing on the nature and dynamics of the nexus of land and labour in the context of production and social reproduction, a view that in the context of rurally rooted cross-border migrant workers necessarily requires interrelated perspectives on labour, agrarian, and food justice struggles. This requires a rethinking of the role of land, not as a factor in either production or social reproduction, but as a central component in both spheres simultaneously. The question is not ‘whether’ it is necessary and desirable to forge multi-class coalitions and struggles against external capital, while not losing sight of the exploitative relations within rural communities and the household; rather, the question is ‘how’ to achieve this. It will require a messy recursive process, going back and forth between theoretical exploration and practical politics.

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