scholarly journals Do You Approach Positive Events or Do They Approach You? Linking Event Valence and Time Representations in a Dutch Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 331-345
Author(s):  
Annemijn C. Loermans ◽  
Bjorn B. de Koning ◽  
Lydia Krabbendam
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Time Representation ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Temporal Events ◽  
Dutch Sample ◽  
Event Valence

Abstract In order to think and talk about time, people often use the ego- or time-moving representation. In the ego-moving representation, the self travels through a temporal landscape, leaving past events behind and approaching future events; in the time-moving representation, the self is stationary and temporal events pass by. Several studies contest to the psychological ramifications of these two representations by, inter alia, demonstrating a link between them and event valence. These studies have, however, been limited to English speakers, even though language has been found to affect time representation. The present study therefore replicated Margolies and Crawford’s (2008) experiment on event valence and time representation amongst speakers of Dutch. Unlike Margolies and Crawford (2008), we do not find that positive valence leads to the endorsement of an ego-moving statement. Future studies will need to determine the ways through which language might moderate the relation between event valence and time representation.

scholarly journals Differential predictions about future negative events in seasonal and non-seasonal depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dalgleish ◽  
A.-M. J. Golden ◽  
J. Yiend ◽  
B. D. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Future Event ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Memory Biases ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Seasonal Depression ◽  
Future Events

BackgroundPrevious research indicates that individuals with seasonal depression (SD) do not exhibit the memory biases for negative self-referent information that characterize non-seasonal depression (NSD). The current study extended this work by examining processing of self-referent emotional information concerning potential future events in SD.MethodSD and NSD patients, along with never-depressed controls, completed a scenario-based measure of likelihood estimation for future positive and negative events happening either to the self or to another person.ResultsSD patients estimated future negative events as more likely to happen to both the self and others, relative to controls. In contrast, in the NSD sample this bias was specific to self-referred material. There were no group differences for positive events.ConclusionsThese data provide further evidence that the self-referent bias for processing negative information that characterizes NSD can be absent in SD, this time in the domain of future event processing.

scholarly journals PSYCHOGEOGRAPHICAL EXPERIENCE BETWEEN THE SELF AND THE PLACE

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-263
Author(s):  
Mohd Fadhli Shah Khaidzir ◽  
Ruzy Suliza Hashim ◽  
Noraini Md. Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Place Meaning ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
Attachment Place

Background and Purpose: The absence of psychogeographical awareness is a critical factor contributing to the lackadaisical attitudes towards the place and its environment. As a result, it enables an individual to fully experience a location, both physically and intellectually, while also gaining a feeling of self-discovery and self-realisation.   Methodology: The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of a group of individuals who participated in a field observation. 40 participants from a Malaysian university's foundation level were brought to Malacca to experience the environment's geographical scenery at their own leisure. The survey data was then manually transcribed and analysed in accordance with the study's aim.   Findings: Interactions with individuals and observation of features in the countryside and urban surroundings enabled participants to go on a psychogeographical journey that influenced their way of thinking and behaving. All participants felt that the journey had influenced their experiences and perspectives on their thinking and behaviour, highlighting the critical role of this notion in establishing the connection between place and self.   Contributions:  The findings of this study provide a solid foundation for future research in the field of psychogeography. The data may be used as a baseline for future studies to determine whether a comparable impact exists in other locations, with or without significant features like those found in Malacca.   Keywords: Psychogeography, place attachment, place meaning, self-discovery, Malacca.   Cite as: Khaidzir, M. F. S., Hashim, R. S., & Md. Yusof, N. (2022). Psychogeographical experience between the self and the place.  Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 243-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp243-263

scholarly journals Cross-linguistic evidence for cognitive universals in the noun phrase

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Martin ◽  
Theeraporn Ratitamkul ◽  
Klaus Abels ◽  
David Adger ◽  
Jennifer Culbertson
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
General Scope

Of the 24 possible orderings of the nominal modifiers Demonstrative, Numeral, Adjective and the Noun, two specific patterns dominate the typology: Dem Num Adj N (as in English) and its mirror order N Adj Num Dem (as in Thai). This has been argued to follow from a universal underlying structure in which Adj forms a constituent with N first, Num scopes over that constituent, and finally Dem takes widest scope. We refer to noun phrase orders that follow this structure as scope-isomorphic. To test for general scope-isomorphic preferences in language users and assess a possible asymmetry between pre- and postnominal modifiers, we tested two linguistic populations with different NP orderings (English and Thai). Learners were exposed to a new language where modifiers were placed on the opposite side of the noun from their native language (i.e., English speakers learned that modifiers in the new language were postnominal and Thai speakers that they were prenominal). Crucially, though, learners were exposed only to single-modifier NPs (e.g., ‘car green’ or ‘car this’) but were not shown how modifiers were ordered relative to one another in multiple modifier phrases. In a test phase, participants were asked how to translate phrases with multiple modifiers into the new language (e.g., ‘this green car’). Speakers of both languages overwhelmingly inferred scope-isomorphic patterns (i.e., they preferred ‘car green this’ over ‘car this green’). We additionally found that Thai participants showed a stronger preference for scope isomorphism, suggesting the possibility that prenominal orders which violate scope isomorphism are particularly dispreferred. We will discuss these results in light of syntactic theory which predicts a pre-/postnominal asymmetry, but will also consider the possible influence of L2 knowledge (specifically Thai speakers’ knowledge of English) on these results, and outline future studies designed to tackle this issue.

“It’s having something that you’ve done it for”: Applying Self-Determination Theory to participants’ motivations in a for-cause physical activity event

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532094781
Author(s):  
John A Bernhart ◽  
Sara Wilcox ◽  
Lindsay Decker ◽  
Diane K Ehlers ◽  
Brooke W McKeever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Future Events

For-cause physical activity events reach many people. Little research has applied Self-Determination Theory to participants’ experiences in for-cause physical activity events. This qualitative study explored participants’ ( n = 18) experiences in 5K for-cause physical activity events and intention to complete future events. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Emergent coding assessed responses for themes. Constructs of competence and relatedness were most prevalent and an altruistic desire to support the cause. Participants highlighted feelings of community supporting their intention to complete future events. Overall, experiences aligned with Self-Determination Theory. Future studies may include altruism to understand leveraging opportunities for promoting physical activity.

Direct (dis)agreement verbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-140
Author(s):  
Siaw-Fong Chung
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract “*I am not agree with you” is an incorrect use of agree frequently seen in the writing of Taiwanese learners. Yet, not many studies have discussed the use of agree and disagree in the literature. Many studies are concerned more about the politeness of (dis)agreement, especially in detailing the relationship between speaker and hearer. We took a lexical semantic approach to compare the use of agree and disagree in essays written by native English speakers and Taiwanese learners in the ICNALE (International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English). The essays were based on two topics concerning societal issues collected in the corpus – (a) whether smoking should be completely banned in restaurants and (b) whether college students should take a part-time job or not – the writers were asked to respond to each issue by agreeing or disagreeing. Our results showed that when given clear instructions to agree or disagree, both native and learners tended to state (dis)agreement in the very first sentence in their essays, but Taiwanese learners relied more on the uses of agree and disagree more often than the native speakers did. The errors committed by learners on the use of agree (not for disagree) were between 25–35% in our data. The results will bring significant comparisons of the lexical semantics of related verbs (verbs of social interaction) in future studies.

scholarly journals Pelayanan Fiskus, Pelayanan Perpajakan dan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Andi Wijayanto
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
The Self ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Future Studies

This study was conducted to analyze the performance of the service of tax authorities, Taxation Services and Tax Compliance of taxpayers and the influence tax authorities Services and Taxation Services to the personal taxpayer compliance in Semarang District. The study using a survey research approach. The population in this study were all individual taxpayers in the district of Semarang. Sampling method using judgment sampling with a sample of 100 taxpayers. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. The study concluded that: (a) variable of tax authorities service had no significant effect on the variable Taxpayer Compliance; (b) Taxation Services has positive and significant effect on Taxpayer Compliance; (c) variable service of tax authorities and Taxation Services simultaneously have significant effect on Taxpayer Compliance. The research suggestions: (a) taxation socialization should be increased so that all taxpayers know that they have choices and ease to report SPT; (b) Tax Officer must more Proactive and communicative to the taxpayers; (c) rewards and punishments apply to the taxpayer in accordance with the legislation in force; (d) variable service of tax authorities and Taxation Service has simultaneously contributed influences on taxpayer compliance is relatively small at only 16.7 percent. It is therefore recommended for future studies to examine several other factors, such as the understanding of the self-assessment system, education level, income level, tax penalties, or because of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja Pelayanan Fiskus, Pelayanan Perpajakan dan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak serta pengaruh Pelayanan Fiskus dan Pelayanan Perpajakan Wajib Pajak terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di Kabupaten Semarang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh WP Orang Pribadi (OP) di Kabupaten Semarang. Metode penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik judgement Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 100 WP. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan Kuesioner, Wawancara, dan Dokumentasi. Analisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa: (a) Pelayanan Fiskus tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel Kepatuhan WP; (b) Pelayanan Perpajakan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel Kepatuhan WP; (c) Variabel Pelayanan Fiskus dan Pelayanan Perpajakan secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepatuhan WP. Saran-saran penelitian: (a) Sosialisasi media penyampaian SPT dan penyuluhan perpajakan harus ditingkatkan agar semua WP mengetahui bahwa mereka memiliki pilihan-pilihan dan kemudahan dalam menyampaikan SPT; (b) Petugas Pajak harus Lebih Proaktif dan Komunikatif kepada para WP; (c) menerapkan reward dan punishment kepada WP sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku; (d) Variabel Pelayanan Fiskus dan Pelayanan Perpajakan secara simultan memiliki kontribusi pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan WP yang terbilang kecil yaitu hanya 16,7 persen. Oleh karena itu bagi penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk meneliti beberapa faktor lain, misalnya adalah pemahaman terhadap sistem self assessment, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat penghasilan, sanksi perpajakan, atau karena faktor sikap, norma subyektif, dan kontrol perilaku yang dipersepsikan.

Intercultural pragmatics at work: (Self-)perceptions of intercultural behavior of Chinese and English speakers and interpreters in healthcare interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Hlavac ◽  
Zhichang Xu ◽  
David Xiong Yong
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Intercultural Pragmatics ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Healthcare Situation ◽  
Chinese And English

AbstractInterpreters are expected to have an advanced command of not only the vocabulary and grammar of their working languages, but also the pragmatic norms that speakers of their working languages employ in communicative interactions. The aim of this paper is to explore the perceptions and practices of interpreters in relation to intercultural pragmatics at work in healthcare interactions. The paper employs two theoretical frameworks: the first is based on interpretations of behavior according to speakers' discourse-pragmatic features as representative of “high” or “low” context cultures (cf. Hall 1976); the second applies Celce-Murcia's (2007) more refined notion of “communicative competence.” The data sample of this paper focuses on cultural-pragmatic features of two linguistic and cultural groups – 25 Chinese speakers and 24 English speakers – and contrasts their selected responses to five features of Chinese-English interpreted healthcare interactions. Responses from 33 Chinese-English interpreters are matched against those from speakers of the two groups to examine the degree of congruence that interpreters have with the self-reported (para-)linguistic behavior of the two groups of speakers, for whom they interpret. This study shows that the self-reported (para-)linguistic behavior of both groups is determined by their adoption of a particular approach (doctor- vs. patient-centered approach) and other micro-level features (perceived time constraints, different notions of “small talk”) that limit elaborate pragmatic enactments. Over-arching cultural-pragmatic models based on “high” (or “low”) context communication, or “vertical” (vs. “horizontal”) hierarchical perceptions of role and status appear to have limited application to the data. Instead, local features specific to the healthcare situation co-determine both English and Chinese speakers' responses to questions about their use of pragmatics. Findings indicate that interpreters attend to each group's enactment of pragmatic features and, as expert language users, are able to recognize features and components of interactions and their functions to a greater degree than the Chinese and English speakers.

Connecting the self to traumatic and positive events: links to identity and well-being

Memory ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Merrill ◽  
Theodore E. A. Waters ◽  
Robyn Fivush
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Positive Events

Self-Talk of Marathon Runners

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy L. Van Raalte ◽  
Ruth Brennan Morrey ◽  
Allen E. Cornelius ◽  
Britton W. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Spiritual Self

Much of the research on self-talk in sport has focused on the effects of assigned self-talk (e.g., instructional self-talk, motivational self-talk) on the performance of laboratory tasks and/or tasks of short duration (Hatzigeorgiadis, Zourbanos, Galanis, & Theodorakis, 2011; Tod, Hardy, & Oliver, 2011). The purpose of this study was to explore more fully the self-talk of athletes involved in competition over an extended period of time. Marathon runners (N = 483) were surveyed. The majority (88%) of runners, those who indicated that they use self-talk during marathons, completed open-ended items describing their self-talk while competing. Runners reported using a rich variety of motivational self-talk as well as spiritual self-talk and mantras, types of self-talk less widely studied in the literature. Given the findings of this research, future studies exploring self-talk use during competition in sporting events of long duration seems warranted.

Spatio-temporal deixis and cognitive models in early Indo-European

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Annamaria Bartolotta
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Point Mapping ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Spatial Terms ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Events

AbstractThis paper is a comparative study based on the linguistic evidence in Vedic Sanskrit and Homeric Greek, aimed at reconstructing the space-time cognitive models used in the Proto-Indo-European language in a diachronic perspective. While it has been widely recognized that ancient Indo-European languages construed earlier (and past) events as in front of later ones, as predicted in the Time-Reference-Point mapping, it is less clear how in the same languages the passage took place from this ‘archaic’ Time-RP model or non-deictic sequence, in which future events are behind or follow the past ones in a temporal sequence, to the more recent ‘post-archaic’ Ego-RP model that is found only from the classical period onwards, in which the future is located in front and the past in back of a deictic observer. Data from the Rigveda and the Homeric poems show that an Ego-RP mapping with an ego-perspective frame of reference (FoR) could not have existed yet at an early Indo-European stage. In particular, spatial terms of front and behind turn out to be used with reference not only to temporal events, but also to east and west respectively, thus presupposing the existence of an absolute field-based FoR which the temporal sequence is metaphorically related to. Specifically, sequence is relative position on a path appears to be motivated by what has been called day orientation frame, in which the different positions of the sun during the day motivate the mapping of front onto ‘earlier’ and behind onto ‘later’, without involving ego’s ‘now’. These findings suggest that early Indo-European still had not made use of spatio-temporal deixis based on the tense-related ego-perspective FoR found in modern languages.

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