Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) isolates from Central America and Brazil on four genotypes of Coffea arabica

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adan Hernandez ◽  
Mireille Fargette ◽  
Jean-Louis Sarah
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Meloidogyne Sp ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract Fifteen isolates of Meloidogyne spp. collected from coffee plantations in every country in Central America, with one isolate from Brazil, were inoculated on two common cultivars (Catuai and Sarchimor) and two wild genotypes from Ethiopia (ET15 and ET28) of coffee (Coffea arabica) under controlled conditions. These isolates displayed a wide range of pathogenicity on the different varieties. Meloidogyne sp. 2 isolate esterase 'VS1S1' from Guatemala, was unable to multiply on any cultivar. All other isolates multiplied on cv. Catuai. The Meloidogyne incognita isolate from Brazil did not multiply on cv. Sarchimor or genotype ET28. Four Meloidogyne sp. 1 (esterase 'F1') isolates from Guatemala multiplied at relatively low rates on cv. Sarchimor, but did not multiply on genotypes ET15 and ET28. Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne sp. 3 (displaying the new esterase phenotype 'M1F1a'), both from El Salvador, multiplied at a high rate on cv. Sarchimor; M. arenaria multiplied at a low rate on genotype ET15, but did not multiply on genotype ET28. Meloidogyne sp. 3 multiplied at a low rate on genotype ET28. Meloidogyne sp. 4 from El Salvador (esterase 'Sa4') multiplied at a high rate on genotype ET15. The M. arabicida isolate from Costa Rica did not multiply at all on genotype ET15. All isolates of Meloidogyne exigua multiplied on cv. Sarchimor as well as on both Ethiopian genotypes. This new information highlights the great parasitic diversity of root-knot nematodes parasitising coffee in Central America, a diversity which must be taken into account when developing integrated pest management strategies and breeding for resistance to nematodes.

Characterisation of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) from coffee plantations in Central America and Brazil

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adan Hernandez ◽  
Mireille Fargette ◽  
And Jean-Louis Sarah
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Central American ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Esterase Phenotype ◽  
Esterase Phenotypes

Abstract Isozymes (Esterases, MDH, SOD, GOT) and perineal patterns were studied in 29 isolates of Meloidogyne spp. collected on coffee (Coffea arabica) plantations in four Central American countries and on one isolate collected in Brazil. Five species were clearly diagnosed and six new multi-enzyme phenotypes were also revealed corresponding to within-species diversity or possible new species. Meloidogyne exigua was found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras, M. arenaria in El Salvador and M. incognita ('M1a' esterase phenotype) in Brazil. Meloidogyne arabicida was found in Costa Rica and has a new esterase phenotype, 'M1F1b'. Nematodes with the 'F1' esterase phenotype were found in Guatemala and their specific status is discussed. Two isolates from El Salvador displayed unknown esterase phenotypes ('M1F1a' and 'Sa4'). One isolate from northern Guatemala was clearly identified as Meloidogyne hapla and another from the same area was related to M. enterolobii or M. mayaguensis. Neither of these latter isolates was able to develop in coffee roots under our growing conditions. The diversity of root-knot nematodes parasitising coffee roots in this region is discussed.

Meloidogyne izalcoensis. [Distribution map].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Main Host ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Meloidogyne izalcoensis Carneiro, Almeida, Gomes and Hernandez. Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae. Main host: coffee (Coffea arabica). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Benin, Kenya and Tanzania) and Central America and Caribbean (El Salvador).

scholarly journals Effect of Demethylation Inhibiting Fungicides on `Tifgreen' Bermudagrass Quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Regulation Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Regulation ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Low Rate

Eight demethylation inhibiting (DMI) fungicides were applied at two rates to `Tifgreen' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ×x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] to determine if DMI fungicides would produce a plant growth regulation effect on healthy bermudagrass. After three applications at 28- to 30-day intervals, compared to the control, both rates of cyproconazole, bromuconazole, propiconazole and triadimefon and the high rate of myclobutanil significantly decreased turfgrass quality on at least one evaluation date in each year of the study. The low rate of myclobutanil and both rates of tebuconazole and fenbuconazole did not adversely effect turfgrass quality in either year. For both rates of fenarimol, there was only one date during both years of the study when the turfgrass quality was significantly lower than the control. These results demonstrate the wide range of physiological activity the DMI fungicides can have on bermudagrass.

scholarly journals Mapping Mangrove Density from Rapideye Data in Central America

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen-Thanh Son ◽  
Chi-Farn Chen ◽  
Cheng-Ru Chen
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Red Edge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Edge Band

AbstractMangrove forests provide a wide range of socioeconomic and ecological services for coastal communities. Extensive aquaculture development of mangrove waters in many developing countries has constantly ignored services of mangrove ecosystems, leading to unintended environmental consequences. Monitoring the current status and distribution of mangrove forests is deemed important for evaluating forest management strategies. This study aims to delineate the density distribution of mangrove forests in the Gulf of Fonseca, Central America with Rapideye data using the support vector machines (SVM). The data collected in 2012 for density classification of mangrove forests were processed based on four different band combination schemes: scheme-1 (bands 1–3, 5 excluding the red-edge band 4), scheme-2 (bands 1–5), scheme-3 (bands 1–3, 5 incorporating with the normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI), and scheme-4 (bands 1–3, 5 incorporating with the normalized difference red-edge index, NDRI). We also hypothesized if the obvious contribution of Rapideye red-edge band could improve the classification results. Three main steps of data processing were employed:

Persistent Sexual Abusers in the Catholic Church

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Calkins Mercado ◽  
Jennifer A. Tallon ◽  
Karen J. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Offending Patterns ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
The Catholic Church

This study aims to enhance understanding of clergy offending patterns through a comparison of low-rate and high-rate clergy offenders. Data for these re-analyses are derived from 3,674 cases from the Nature and Scope of Child Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church. This article compares those clerics who had just one allegation with those who had a moderate (2 to 3), high (4 to 9), or exceptionally high (10-plus) number of allegations of sexual abuse. Findings reveal that the 3.7% ( n =137) who had 10 or more victims accounted for a disproportionate 24.8% of the abuse. Priests with the most victims began perpetrating offenses at an earlier age and were more likely to have male victims than those who abused fewer victims. The importance of research addressing the causes and situational correlates of sexual offending by priests, as well as the need for more refined management strategies, are discussed.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

A Note on Groove Depth Changes Without Wear

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract Tread wear rates during first wear measured by groove depth and weight changes do not always agree. Sometimes, the groove depth method shows a high rate and the weight loss method a low rate. Reported here are experiments designed to determine if grooves show depth changes without wear. Four tires were measured before mounting on a wheel, after mounting and inflation, and after inflation and storage. The mounted and inflated tires showed shallower shoulder grooves and deeper center grooves than the unmounted tires. In a second experiment, tires were measured immediately after a tread wear test and then stored mounted for two weeks before remeasuring. Each groove became deeper, and there was no change in the crown radius of any tire.

scholarly journals Trends in Molecular Diagnosis and Diversity Studies for Phytosanitary Regulated Xanthomonas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Vittoria Catara ◽  
Jaime Cubero ◽  
Joël F. Pothier ◽  
Eran Bosis ◽  
Claude Bragard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diversity Studies

Bacteria in the genus Xanthomonas infect a wide range of crops and wild plants, with most species responsible for plant diseases that have a global economic and environmental impact on the seed, plant, and food trade. Infections by Xanthomonas spp. cause a wide variety of non-specific symptoms, making their identification difficult. The coexistence of phylogenetically close strains, but drastically different in their phenotype, poses an added challenge to diagnosis. Data on future climate change scenarios predict an increase in the severity of epidemics and a geographical expansion of pathogens, increasing pressure on plant health services. In this context, the effectiveness of integrated disease management strategies strongly depends on the availability of rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic methods. The accumulation of genomic information in recent years has facilitated the identification of new DNA markers, a cornerstone for the development of more sensitive and specific methods. Nevertheless, the challenges that the taxonomic complexity of this genus represents in terms of diagnosis together with the fact that within the same bacterial species, groups of strains may interact with distinct host species demonstrate that there is still a long way to go. In this review, we describe and discuss the current molecular-based methods for the diagnosis and detection of regulated Xanthomonas, taxonomic and diversity studies in Xanthomonas and genomic approaches for molecular diagnosis.

scholarly journals Combining High- and Low-Rate Geodetic Data Analysis for Unveiling Rapid Magma Transfer Feeding a Sequence of Violent Summit Paroxysms at Etna in Late 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4630
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bonforte ◽  
Flavio Cannavò ◽  
Salvatore Gambino ◽  
Francesco Guglielmino
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Magma Sources ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
Low Rate

We propose a multi-temporal-scale analysis of ground deformation data using both high-rate tilt and GNSS measurements and the DInSAR and daily GNSS solutions in order to investigate a sequence of four paroxysmal episodes of the Voragine crater occurring in December 2015 at Mt. Etna (Italy). The analysis aimed at inferring the magma sources feeding a sequence of very violent eruptions, in order to understand the dynamics and to image the shallow feeding system of the volcano that enabled such a rapid magma accumulation and discharge. The high-rate data allowed us to constrain the sources responsible for the fast and violent dynamics of each paroxysm, while the cumulated deformation measured by DInSAR and daily GNSS solutions, over a period of 12 days encompassing the entire eruptive sequence, also showed the deeper part of the source involved in the considered period, where magma was stored. We defined the dynamics and rates of the magma transfer, with a middle-depth storage of gas-rich magma that charges, more or less continuously, a shallower level where magma stops temporarily, accumulating pressure due to the gas exsolution. This machine-gun-like mechanism could represent a general conceptual model for similar events at Etna and at all volcanoes.

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