Trust towards Conventional Businesses and E-Businesses by Socioeconomic Status in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 279-298
Author(s):  
Eric Fong ◽  
Trevor Tsz Lok Lee ◽  
Kumiko Shibuya ◽  
Junxiu Wang ◽  
Yiyin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Know How ◽  
Socioeconomic Resources

Abstract This study explores how socioeconomic resources are related to trust in conventional businesses and e-businesses in China. Based on data collected in 2013 from three major cities, the authors found that people who perceived themselves as upper-class were more likely to trust both conventional businesses and e-businesses. Further analysis also suggested that people with self-perceived higher status were more likely to trust conventional businesses than e-businesses. The authors suggest that people with more socioeconomic resources are likely to be able to exchange their socioeconomic resources for other resources. They can command more resources to influence and extend their social network for their own benefit. In addition, those with more socioeconomic resources usually know how to utilize institutional arrangements to their benefit.

ANÁLISIS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL SOBRE REDES SOCIALES EN CONTEXTOS EDUCATIVOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-332
Author(s):  
Elia Fernández-Díaz ◽  
Carlos Rodríguez-Hoyos ◽  
Ignacio Haya Salmón
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
National Context ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
Know How

Resumen:En este artículo se presenta un análisis de la literatura científica publicada entre los años 2008 y 2013 a nivel nacional e internacional sobre la utilización de los sistemas de redes sociales (Social Network Sites) en educación. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue conocer cómo se estaba llevando a cabo la investigación sobre este tópico en revistas científicas editadas en inglés y en español para identificar variables como el nivel educativo en el que se desarrolla, los paradigmas epistemológicos empleados o las líneas de investigación más recurrentes. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de un total de 105 artículos difundidos en revistas científicas con revisión por pares (62 del ámbito internacional y 43 del nacional). El trabajo evidencia, entre otras cuestiones, que se trata de un tópico recurrente en la comunidad científica, que se están empleando una gran variedad de enfoques epistemológicos y que son dominantes aquellos estudios en las que se analiza el uso de estas herramientas como medios educativos. Si bien existen algunas diferencias entre los trabajos, las publicaciones nacionales siguen la misma línea identificada a nivel internacional. Abstract:This paper shows an analysis of the national and international scientific literature published on the use of social networking systems in education (Social Network Sites) between 2008 and 2013. The main objective of this work was to know how the research on this topic was being conducted in scientific journals, published in English or Spanish, in order to identify variables such as the educational level at which it is developed, the epistemological paradigms used or the most recurrent research topics. An analysis of the content from a total of 105 articles in scientific journals with peer review, was performed (62 international papers and 43 from the national context). This work evidences that it is a recurring topic in the research community, that a diversity of epistemological approaches are being used to conduct these kind of researches and those which analyzes the use of SNS as educational tools are the dominant ones. While there are some differences between the papers published in international and national journals, papers in our context are in line with those published in the international scientific community.

Protest Issues and Political Inequality in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1299-1323
Author(s):  
Nicolás M. Somma ◽  
Matías Bargsted ◽  
Felipe Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Political Inequality ◽  
Socioeconomic Resources

Many studies reveal that socioeconomic resources increase protest participation, lending more political voice to the affluent and reinforcing preexisting political inequality. But existing studies ignore whether this holds across different protest issues. We argue that some issues reinforce political inequality, while other ones do not. We differentiate between survival protests—in which people react to direct threats to their material and social survival—and furtherance protests—which press authorities to make policy changes that seek to improve some aspect of society. Regression models with Latin American survey data show that people with higher socioeconomic status are overrepresented in furtherance protests, by implication reinforcing preexisting political inequality. However, survival protests attract people socioeconomically similar to national averages, contributing to a more balanced political field. Our results emphasize the need to reconsider the place of issues in the study of protest participation, political inequality, and political behavior in general.

Is Bigger Always Better? Potential Biases of Big Data Derived from Social Network Sites

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Hargittai
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Biased Sampling ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Internet Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
Race Ethnicity

This article discusses methodological challenges of using big data that rely on specific sites and services as their sampling frames, focusing on social network sites in particular. It draws on survey data to show that people do not select into the use of such sites randomly. Instead, use is biased in certain ways yielding samples that limit the generalizability of findings. Results show that age, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, online experiences, and Internet skills all influence the social network sites people use and thus where traces of their behavior show up. This has implications for the types of conclusions one can draw from data derived from users of specific sites. The article ends by noting how big data studies can address the shortcomings that result from biased sampling frames.

“The Whirl of Life” The Social Structure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Robert Reed
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Social

This chapter explores the intricacies of the first discernible class structure that conformed to normative standards of socioeconomic status in Chicago's history. Black Chicago developed a very small but distinguishable upper class, large segments within the broad middle classes, enormous laboring classes including industrial and service sector workers, and an underclass. The members of the upper class owned and managed businesses, chose housing commensurate with their status, consumed their disposable income with conspicuous delight, engaged in civic activities, and socially acted as a group apart from other segments of their racial cohort to which they traditionally held their primary social allegiance. The middle class focused on occupation, wealth production, educational attainment, cultural interests, and character. The working-class, however, formed the bulk of black Chicago's citizenry.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Days Alive and Out of Hospital after Major Elective Noncardiac Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Jerath ◽  
Peter C. Austin ◽  
Dennis T. Ko ◽  
Harindra C. Wijeysundera ◽  
Stephen Fremes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Socioeconomic Resources ◽  
Postoperative Length ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Socioeconomic status is an important but understudied determinant of preoperative health status and postoperative outcomes. Previous work has focused on the impact of socioeconomic status on mortality, hospital stay, or complications. However, individuals with low socioeconomic status are also likely to have fewer supports to facilitate them remaining at home after hospital discharge. Thus, such patients may be less likely to return home over the short and intermediate term after major surgery. The newly validated outcome, days alive and out of hospital, may be highly suited to evaluating the impact of socioeconomic status on this postdischarge period. The study aimed to determine the association of socioeconomic status with short and intermediate term postoperative recovery as measured by days alive and out of hospital. Methods The authors evaluated data from 724,459 adult patients who had one of 13 elective major noncardiac surgical procedures between 2006 and 2017. Socioeconomic status was measured by median neighborhood household income (categorized into quintiles). Primary outcome was days alive and out of hospital at 30 days, while secondary outcomes included days alive and out of hospital at 90 and 180 days, and 30-day mortality. Results Compared to the highest income quintile, individuals in the lowest quintile had higher unadjusted risks of postoperative complications (6,049 of 121,099 [5%] vs. 6,216 of 160,495 [3.9%]) and 30-day mortality (731 of 121,099 [0.6%] vs. 701 of 160,495 [0.4%]) and longer mean postoperative length of stay (4.9 vs. 4.4 days). From lowest to highest income quintile, the mean adjusted days alive and out of hospital at 30 days after surgery varied between 24.5 to 24.9 days. Conclusions Low socioeconomic status is associated with fewer days alive and out of hospital after surgery. Further research is needed to examine the underlying mechanisms and develop posthospital interventions to improve postoperative recovery in patients with fewer socioeconomic resources. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status in Adolescents: A Study of Its Relationship with Overweight and Obesity and Influence on Social Network Configuration

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Arias ◽  
María Calvo ◽  
José Benítez-Andrades ◽  
María Álvarez ◽  
Beatriz Alonso-Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Socioeconomic status (SES) influences all the determinants of health, conditioning health throughout life. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity in adolescence through an analysis of the patterns of contact between peers as a function of this parameter. A cross-sectional study was performed, analyzing a sample of 235 students aged 14 to 18 and 11 class networks. Social network analysis was used to analyze structural variables of centrality from a sociocentric perspective. We found that adolescents with a medium-low SES presented a two-fold higher probability of being overweight, but we did not detect any differences in the configuration of their social networks when compared with those of normal-weight adolescents. However, we did find significant differences in the formation of networks according to SES in the overall sample and disaggregated by gender, whereby adolescents with a high SES in general presented a higher capacity to form wider social networks. Elucidating the relationship between SES and overweight and its influence on social network formation can contribute to the design of preventative strategies against overweight and obesity in adolescents, since their social environment can provide them with several resources to combat excess weight.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic differences in informal caregiving in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nekehia T. Quashie ◽  
Melanie Wagner ◽  
Ellen Verbakel ◽  
Christian Deindl
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Socioeconomic Resources

AbstractDisclosing socioeconomic differences in informal care provision is increasingly important in aging societies as it helps to identify the segments of the population that may need targeted support and the types of national investments to support family caregivers. This study examines the association between individual-level socioeconomic status and informal care provision within the household. We also examine the role of contextual factors, income inequality, and the generosity of social spending, to identify how macro-level socioeconomic resource structures shape individuals’ provision of care to household members. We use pooled data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, waves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, waves 2, 3, 4, 6, 7). Poisson regression multilevel models estimate the associations between household socioeconomic status (education, income, and wealth), and country socioeconomic resources (income inequality and social spending as a percentage of GDP), and the likelihood of older adults’ informal care provision within the household. Results indicate that lower individual socioeconomic resources—education, income, and wealth—were associated with a higher incidence of older adults’ informal care provision within the household. At the macro-level, income inequality was positively associated while social spending was negatively associated with older adults’ care provision within the household. Our findings suggest that socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are more likely to provide informal care, which may reinforce socioeconomic inequalities. At the national level, more equitable resource distribution and social spending may reduce intensive family caregiving.

The whiteness of white-collar crime in the United States: Examining the role of race in a culture of elite white-collar offending

2019 ◽  
pp. 136248061986431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Sohoni ◽  
Melissa Rorie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
White Collar Crime ◽  
White Collar ◽  
The United States ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Cultural Adaptations ◽  
Mainstream Media

While the role of race has been heavily scrutinized in terms of minority involvement in crime, it has remained largely invisible for Whites despite indications that Whites are overrepresented as offenders in elite white-collar crimes. We propose a theoretical model detailing how “whiteness” encourages cultural adaptations conducive to elite white-collar crime in contemporary US society. Many middle- and upper-class US Whites live in environments of relative social isolation, both geographically (in terms of schools and neighborhoods) and culturally (as mainstream media largely reflect the lived realities of middle- and upper-class Whites). When this social isolation is combined with financial advantage, it serves to block the development of empathy toward outgroups and increases feelings of individual entitlement, which leads to the formation of crime-specific cultural frames that include neutralizations and justifications for elite white-collar crime. We argue that whiteness plays a role that is independent from (but exacerbated by) socioeconomic status, and is an important contributor to the generative worlds from which many white-collar criminals emanate.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of motorcycle speeding in Maha Sarakham, Thailand

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243930
Author(s):  
Vennis Hong ◽  
Sage K. Iwamoto ◽  
Rei Goto ◽  
Sean Young ◽  
Sukhawadee Chomduangthip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Linear Network ◽  
Time Discounting ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Thailand has the highest road traffic fatality rate in Southeast Asia, making road safety a critical public health concern. A 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Report showed that speeding behavior was the most important determinant for road traffic crashes in Thailand. Here, we aimed to examine associations of socio-demographic factors (gender, age, socioeconomic status) with self-reported motorcycle speeding behavior. Additionally, we examined a potential role of time discounting and risk preference as mediators in the association of socio-demographic factors with speeding. We used data obtained from the Mahasarakham University Social Network Survey 2018 (MSUSSS) (N = 150). We ran linear network autocorrelation models (lnam) to account for the data's social network structure. We found that males are more likely than females to engage in speeding behavior (β = 0.140, p = 0.001) and to discount the future (β = 5.175, p = 0.017). However, further causal mediation analysis showed that time discounting does not mediate the gender-speeding association (p for mediation = 0.540). Although socioeconomic status (subjective social class) was not associated with speeding (β = 0.039, p = 0.177), age was marginally associated with speeding (β = 0.005, p = 0.093). Future studies may consider using a larger sample.

scholarly journals With whom are you dealing? Using social network analysis as a tool to strengthen service delivery structures for low socioeconomic status populations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte Prevo ◽  
Liesbeth Mercken ◽  
Maria Jansen ◽  
Stef Kremers
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Participatory Health Research

Background: Health disparities between populations with different socioeconomic status (SES) are increasing. Although a wide variety of support service organizations and arrangements are in place, no general overview of this social network, its reach, and harmonization of services surrounding low-SES populations are available. The present participatory health research study examined the current network structure and the utility of using social network analysis (SNA) as a tool to improve service delivery structures. Design and methods: We applied a mixed-methods study design. An online-questionnaire was used to examine the relationships among organizations assumed to support low-SES individuals in the municipality of Vaals, the Netherlands. In addition, semi-structured interviews and a networking session were used to examine the current network structure and to explore opportunities for improvement. Results: The SNA revealed a weak network structure, and all interviewed professionals mentioned that the current structure should be improved. Participants indicated that a first step would be to install a central information system. Conclusions: SNA can be a useful tool to gain more in-depth insights into the relations within a service delivery network. The professionals were assisted in discovering new organizations that could help them reach low SES populations and in harmonizing and improving their service delivery.

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