scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of motorcycle speeding in Maha Sarakham, Thailand

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243930
Author(s):  
Vennis Hong ◽  
Sage K. Iwamoto ◽  
Rei Goto ◽  
Sean Young ◽  
Sukhawadee Chomduangthip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Linear Network ◽  
Time Discounting ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Thailand has the highest road traffic fatality rate in Southeast Asia, making road safety a critical public health concern. A 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Report showed that speeding behavior was the most important determinant for road traffic crashes in Thailand. Here, we aimed to examine associations of socio-demographic factors (gender, age, socioeconomic status) with self-reported motorcycle speeding behavior. Additionally, we examined a potential role of time discounting and risk preference as mediators in the association of socio-demographic factors with speeding. We used data obtained from the Mahasarakham University Social Network Survey 2018 (MSUSSS) (N = 150). We ran linear network autocorrelation models (lnam) to account for the data's social network structure. We found that males are more likely than females to engage in speeding behavior (β = 0.140, p = 0.001) and to discount the future (β = 5.175, p = 0.017). However, further causal mediation analysis showed that time discounting does not mediate the gender-speeding association (p for mediation = 0.540). Although socioeconomic status (subjective social class) was not associated with speeding (β = 0.039, p = 0.177), age was marginally associated with speeding (β = 0.005, p = 0.093). Future studies may consider using a larger sample.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and associations with socio-demographic factors in Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Oguoma ◽  
Neil T. Coffee ◽  
Saad Alsharrah ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Farha ◽  
Faisal H. Al-Refaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background Kuwait is amongst countries in the Gulf region with high income economy. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), one in five adults in the Gulf region is obese. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence and magnitude of association between overweight, obesity, central obesity, and socio-demographic factors in Kuwait. Methods A population-based cross-sectional survey of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait – part of the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program – was conducted between 2011 and 2014, targeting adults aged 18–82 years using the WHO STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease surveillance. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to classify overweight and obesity, and waist circumference (WC) used to express central obesity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate relationships between socio-demographic factors, overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) or central obesity (WC ≥ 80 cm women; WC ≥ 94 cm men). Results Records for gender (56% Men), age, BMI, governorate, and nationality existed for 4901 individuals. Mean age and BMI were 43 years and 30 kg/m2, respectively. Non-Kuwaiti nationals were more prevalent than Kuwaitis (76% vs 24%). Prevalence rates for overweight, obesity and central obesity were 40.6% (95%CI: 38.4–42.8%), 42.1% (95%CI: 40.0–44.3%) and 73.7% (95%CI: 71.7–75.6%), respectively. The youngest age group (18–29 years) had rates of 38.2% (95%CI: 29.2–47.7%), 27.2% (95%CI: 19.0–36.7%) and 49.9% (95%CI: 40.6–59.1%) for overweight, obesity and central obesity, respectively. In covariate-adjusted analyses, the odds of being overweight was 26% greater for men than for women. Conversely, women had a 54% (95%CI: 19–99%) and 7-fold (95%CI, 5–10-fold) greater odds of obesity/central obesity, respectively, than men. Greater educational attainment, physical activity, and non-Kuwaiti status were associated with lower odds of obesity/central obesity. History of smoking, elevated blood pressure, higher income, being married, greater age and female sex related to greater odds of obesity/central obesity. Conclusion Overweight was greater in men, obesity greater in women. Overweight and obesity prevalence were high in young adults aged 18–29 years, a significant public health concern. Efforts to integrate mandatory physical education to the school curriculum and promoting the creation of recreation spaces/parks to promote physical activities, will play a vital role in the early prevention of overweight/obesity in Kuwait.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity, and Associations with Socio-Demographic Factors in Kuwait

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M Oguoma ◽  
Neil Coffee ◽  
Saad Alsharrah ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Farha ◽  
Faisal H Al-Refaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background: Kuwait is amongst countries in the Gulf region with high income economy. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), one in five adults in the Gulf region is obese. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of both overweight and obesity, and their relationships with socio-demographic factors, in Kuwait.Methods:A population-based survey of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait – part of the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program – was conducted between 2011-2013, targeting adults aged 18-82 years using the WHO STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease surveillance. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to classify overweight and obesity, and waist circumference (WC) used to expressed central obesity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate relationships between socio-demographic factors, overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) or central obesity (WC≥80cm women; WC≥94cm men).Results:Records for gender (57% Men), age, BMI, governorate and nationality existed for 4963 individuals. Mean age and BMI were 43 years and 30kg/m2, respectively. Non-Kuwaiti nationals were more prevalent than Kuwaitis (87% vs 13%). Prevalence rates for overweight, obesity and central obesity were 38% (95%CI: 37-40%), 42% (95%CI: 41-44%) and 75% (95%CI: 73-76%), respectively. The youngest age group (18-29 years) had rates of 33% (95%CI: 28-39%), 25% (95%CI: 20-30%) and 49% (95%CI:43-55%) for overweight, obesity and central obesity, respectively. In covariate-adjusted analyses, the odds of being overweight was 23% greater for men than for women. Conversely, women had a 29% (95%CI: 4-60%) and 6-fold (95%CI: 5-9-fold) greater odds of obesity/central obesity, respectively, than men. Greater educational attainment, physical activity, and non-Kuwaiti status were associated with lower odds of obesity/central obesity. History of smoking, elevated blood pressure, higher income, being married, greater age and female sex related to greater odds of obesity/central obesity.Conclusion:Overweight was greater in men, obesity greater in women. Overweight and obesity prevalence were high in young adults ages 18-29 years, a significant public health concern. Efforts to integrate mandatory physical education to the school curriculum and promoting the creation of recreation spaces/parks to promote physical activities, will play a vital role in the early prevention of overweight/obesity in Kuwait.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the roles of HIV co-infection and socio-demographic factors as determinants of Quality of Life among Nigerians with Tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Peter J Olagunju ◽  
Olukemi O Odukoya ◽  
Andrew T Olagunju ◽  
Mobolanle R Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Tuberculosis [TB] remains a major global public health problem, and particularly in resource-restricted settings with disproportionately high burden. This study is aimed at assessing quality of life [QoL] and the roles of HIV co-infection along with socio-demographic factors on QoL among subjects with TB.Methodology: This is a multi-center cross-sectional study among 440 participants recruited by multi-stage sampling technique across 40 Directly Observed Treatment Short-course [DOTS] centres. Interviews were done using designed questionnaire to collect information on socio-demographic and clinical details of respondents. Subsequently, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF [WHOQOL-BREF] questionnaire was used to evaluate QoL.Results: Most (61.1%) of the participants was aged between 21 and 40 years, 61.6% were married and 74.5% had a paid job. Majority of the subjects reported fair QoL across all domains. Employment status and monthly income were significantly associated with participants overall QoL and their satisfaction with health (p<0.05). Also, age, gender, marital status, ethnicity and educational status were significantly associated with the social domain of QoL. The HIV co-infection was found to be significantly associated with the physical aspect of their QoL (p<0.05).Conclusion: Optimal treatment of HIV co-infection and incorporation of psychosocial medicine into TB management are indicated for improved QoL. Similarly, routine assessment of QoL is desirable.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.21-29

scholarly journals Maxillofacial Injuries Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia: A Review of Incidence, Demographic Factors & Prevention Strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Kamran Bokhari Syed
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries

<p><strong>Background</strong>: World Health Organization has estimated that nearly 25% of all injuries fatalities worldwide are a result of road traffic crashes with 90% of the fatalities occurring in low and middle income countries. Trauma in Saudi Arabia is a major public health problem with increasing rates of mortality and morbidity.</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong>: To review the incidence of maxillofacial injuries due to road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia and to highlight the etiological factors, the current preventive strategies and suggestions to reduce such injuries.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods</strong>: This review was conducted through literature search over a period of 25 years. The key words included in the search include road traffic injuries, maxillofacial trauma, Saudi Arabia. The search was conducted through search engines and which included Google, science direct, pub med. A total of 56 reference articles and web pages were reviewed. 31 of these references are cited in this review. The demographic factors involved in road traffic accidents, the existing legislation in the country as cited in the literature, primary care system and recent advances in management are highlighted in this review article.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Trauma is a preventable cause of death, morbidity, depression and unemployment. Simple measures such as seat belt legislation, traffic monitoring, creation of awareness among youth will significantly bring down loss of lives. This will create a better society to live and enjoy life.</p>

scholarly journals A community based study to determine the prevalence of infertility and associated socio demographic factors in rural area of Mandya district of Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2444
Author(s):  
Shashank Kumbarahalli Javaregowda ◽  
Praveen Govindagowda ◽  
Chethan Thotahalli Krishna ◽  
Supriya Varadaraju
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Secondary Infertility ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Primary Infertility ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Infertility is defined as failure to achieve pregnancy after at least 1 year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility is classified into two types, primary and secondary infertility. World Health Organization explains primary infertility as inefficiency to conceive after a year of unprotected sex and secondary if not conceived following previous pregnancy. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence and socio demographic factors of infertility (primary and secondary) among eligible couples in rural area of Mandya district.Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical sciences from the month of June 2016 to September 2016.One of the Primary health center in the study area was randomly selected by lottery method. All the eligible couples who are permanent residents and in the reproductive age group were included in the study.Results: Majority (59.64%) of the study group were in the age group of 20-25 years. Nearly 59.3% and 40.7% of the respondents belonged to joint and nuclear family respectively. The overall prevalence of infertility in our study was 7.7%. The overall prevalence of primary infertility was 6.3% and secondary infertility was 1.4%.Conclusions: As healthcare professionals, we should remember that infertility is a stressful life event for both women and men. Hence by knowing the prevalence and knowledge of the couple regarding the infertility, suitable health education programmes can be done to create awareness among the people regarding the treatment modalities available for infertility. 

scholarly journals A multiplex centrality metric for complex social networks: sex, social status, and family structure predict multiplex centrality in rhesus macaques

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianne Beisner ◽  
Niklas Braun ◽  
Márton Pósfai ◽  
Jessica Vandeleest ◽  
Raissa D’Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact

Members of a society interact using a variety of social behaviors, giving rise to a multi-faceted and complex social life. For the study of animal behavior, quantifying this complexity is critical for understanding the impact of social life on animals’ health and fitness. Multilayer network approaches, where each interaction type represents a different layer of the social network, have the potential to better capture this complexity than single layer approaches. Calculating individuals’ centrality within a multilayer social network can reveal keystone individuals and more fully characterize social roles. However, existing measures of multilayer centrality do not account for differences in the dynamics and functionality across interaction layers. Here we validate a new method for quantifying multiplex centrality called consensus ranking by applying this method to multiple social groups of a well-studied nonhuman primate, the rhesus macaque. Consensus ranking can suitably handle the complexities of animal social life, such as networks with different properties (sparse vs. dense) and biological meanings (competitive vs. affiliative interactions). We examined whether individuals’ attributes or socio-demographic factors (sex, age, dominance rank and certainty, matriline size, rearing history) were associated with multiplex centrality. Social networks were constructed for five interaction layers (i.e., aggression, status signaling, conflict policing, grooming and huddling) for seven social groups. Consensus ranks were calculated across these five layers and analyzed with respect to individual attributes and socio-demographic factors. Generalized linear mixed models showed that consensus ranking detected known social patterns in rhesus macaques, showing that multiplex centrality was greater in high-ranking males with high certainty of rank and females from the largest families. In addition, consensus ranks also showed that females from very small families and mother-reared (compared to nursery-reared) individuals were more central, showing that consideration of multiple social domains revealed individuals whose social centrality and importance might otherwise have been missed.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of overweight and obesity in school going adolescents and its association with socio-demographic factors in Lucknow district

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3792
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Mishra ◽  
Pratibha Gupta ◽  
Mrinal Ranjan Srivastava ◽  
Beena Sachan ◽  
Zeashan Haider Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Obesity has become a global public health issue and is widely recognized as a key risk factor for coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and many other health problems. The objectives of present study were to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its association with socio-demographic factors amongst school-going adolescents in Lucknow district.Methods: This study was a school-based cross-sectional study and was carried out in urban and rural areas of Lucknow, from January 2018 to June 2018. Sample size was 620. A multi-stage random sampling technique has been used to select the required sample size. Data analysis was done using software MS Office excel and SPSS 18 for windows.Results: A total of 620 adolescents were studied. Majority (82.1%) of adolescents were found to be non-overweight/obese while 17.9% were found to be overweight/obese. Majority (66.7%) of students were overweight or obese, belonging to social class I while only 15.7% students were overweight or obese belonging to social class V.Conclusions: The results of our study show that overweight/obesity continues to be a public health concern in adolescents. The current study shows that adolescent overweight and obesity are increasing even in low socio-economic status. Emphasis should be placed on awareness program for obesity prevention among school students by strengthening lifestyle change.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Pattern of Road Traffic Accidents among Commercial Motorcyclists in the Central Tongu District, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kennedy Diema Konlan ◽  
Abdul Razak Doat ◽  
Iddrisu Mohammed ◽  
Roberta Mensima Amoah ◽  
Joel Afram Saah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes

Background. The World Health Organisation estimates that 1.35 million people die as a result of road traffic crashes. Motorcycles as a means of transport are increasingly becoming the preferred and easiest means of transportation for most people in developing countries despite the associated risk. This study determined the prevalence and pattern of motorcycle crashes in Adidome among commercial motorcyclists. Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used as 114 commercial motorcyclists were recruited to respond to a pretested research questionnaire in the Adidome district of the Volta Region. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 22.0. Data were presented as simple descriptive statistics. A chi-square relationship was determined using the demographic variables, and the history of accident at a 95% confidence interval with 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. The prevalence of road traffic crashes at Adidome was 64.0%. Motorcyclists (74.0%) were reported to have been involved in crashes in the past one year prior to the study. Motorcyclists attributed the last accident to excessive speeding (31.5%) and bad roads (23.3%), this accident as a result of colliding with another motorcycle (50.7%), and slippery surfaces (24.7%). The majority (63.0%) of the respondents had an accident once. The consumption of alcohol was associated with the occurrence of an accident as 34.2% occurred among cyclists who drank alcohol, compared with 29.8% who did not (p<0.05). Conclusion. There should be strict implementation of current road traffic regulations of Ghana by the MTTD of the Ghana Police Service, and penalties should be awarded against anybody caught riding a motorcycle under the influence of alcohol. Helmet and other protective devices must be made compulsory for motorcycle riders to prevent injuries, especially head injuries, if an accident occurs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors on Breastfeeding: Findings from the “Mamma & Bambino” Cohort

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Roberta Magnano San Lio ◽  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Maria Clara La Rosa ◽  
Antonio Cianci ◽  
Marco Panella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Educational

Background and objectives: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends women (1) to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of birth; (2) to exclusively breastfeed for the first six months; and (3) to continue breastfeeding until two years of age. However, women do not always adhere to these recommendations, threatening the health of their children. The present study aims to evaluate breastfeeding status and the main maternal factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding for six months among women from the “Mamma & Bambino” study, a prospective cohort settled in Catania, Italy. Materials and Methods: We used data from 220 women (median age = 37 years) enrolled in the “Mamma & Bambino” cohort during prenatal obstetric counselling. Self-reported breastfeeding status was collected during the follow-up interviews at 1 and 2 years, referring to breastfeeding status (i.e., yes or no) and type of breastfeeding (i.e., exclusive or predominant). We also collected data about duration of breastfeeding to classify women into those who adhered to the WHO recommendation and those who did not. Results: In the general population, we noted that the proportion of women who have breastfed increased with increasing educational level. Accordingly, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that medium (OR = 3.171; 95% CI = 1.285–7.822; p = 0.012) and high educational levels (OR = 4.549; 95% CI = 1.525–13.570; p = 0.007) were positively associated with breastfeeding if compared to low educational level. Among women who have breastfed, instead, the proportion of adherents to the WHO recommendation was higher among those with medium–high educational level and those who were employed. In line with this, we demonstrated that full-time employment (OR = 2.158; 95% CI = 1.033–4.508; p = 0.041) and medium educational level (OR = 4.632; 95% CI = 1.227–17.484; p = 0.024) were positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. Conclusions: Socio-demographic factors should be taken into account through public health strategies for improving maternal knowledge about health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.

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