Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) in Rice Biotechnology Research in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Sambit Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Indian Council ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Rice Improvement ◽  
User Centered

Abstract The present study examines the potential of Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) technology in the field of rice biotechnology research in India and how it is perceived and practiced by rice biotechnologists in selected scientific institutions under the aegis of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and State Agricultural Universities (SAUs). The primary data for the study has been collected through in-depth personal interviews with molecular biologists and plant breeders engaged in rice biotechnology research in various institutional settings. A majority of the scientists emphasize the relative merits of MAS vis-à-vis the currently contentious transgenic approach for rice improvement in India. The MAS has emerged as an integrative, non-evasive, non-controversial, non-proprietary, and benign technology with the wider social acceptance that promotes open-mode, inclusive, and user-centered innovations in rice biotechnology research.

Contentions and Confirmations over Genetically Modified Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 607-630
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Sambit Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Golden Rice ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Cast Doubt

Abstract The present study, from sociology of science and technology perspectives, examines the socio-political construal of innovations in rice biotechnology research in India with special reference to genetically modified (GM) technology. The primary data for the study has been collected through in-depth personal interviews with 68 molecular biologists and plant breeders engaged in rice biotechnology research in 20 scientific institutions coming under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and State Agricultural Universities (SAU s). Two different case studies have been used to substantiate the arguments. The findings of the study suggest that there is a lack of consensus among the scientific communities over the application of GM technology in rice biotechnology research in India. The initial attempt to develop an Indian version of Golden Rice has failed. The occurrence of multiple anomalies during the experiment of Golden Rice poses serious questions on the scientific and technical reliability of GM technology. Holistically, it has cast doubt on the safety and predictability of Golden Rice in the Indian context. The existing policy framework pertaining to GM technology, particularly technical regulations, suffers from design faults (structural problem) and operator failure (agency failure). The Intellectual Property Rights regime, in one or many forms, appears to obstruct R&D activities in rice biotechnology. The practitioners of rice biotechnology research are resisting such institutional regimes by keeping the Mertonian ethos of science in mind.

Interests, Norms, Meanings: A Study of Rice Biotechnology in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 027046762199570
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Sambit Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Indian Council ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Agriculture And Environment

Agrarian environments have to be comprehended as being part of a biophysical and social environment that includes the urban and the nonurban, the arable and the nonarable, and other areas that are integrally linked to the world of agriculture and environment and their allied socioeconomic relations. This article examines the responses of rice biotechnologists located in selected Indian public agricultural institutes under the aegis of the State Agricultural University and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research on questions such as “How is GM (genetically modified) technology perceived by rice biotechnologists and under what limiting conditions is it being pursued in rice biotechnology research? Is there a consensus among rice biotechnologists over the application of GM technology? What are the complexities of the GM policy? and What are the implications of intellectual property rights on GM-based research and how scientists are responding to such institutional norms?”

Two new species of tribe Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) with note on intraspecific variations 

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4378 (3) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
NARESH M. MESHRAM ◽  
STUTI RAI ◽  
N. N. RAJGOPAL ◽  
N. RAMYA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Indian Council ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Two New Species

Two new species of leafhoppers, Durgades sineprocessus sp. nov. (From Himachal Pradesh: Kalpa) and Japanagallia dolabra sp. nov. (From Sikkim: Lachung) from India, are described and illustrated. Photographic illustrations of Durgades aviana Viraktamath and a detailed note on intraspecific variation in male genitalia of Austroagallia sinuata (Mulsant & Rey) are also provided. Material is deposited in the National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India. 

scholarly journals How Strategic Human Resource Planning Influence Performance of Agricultural Research Institutes in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Yusuf W. Musi ◽  
E. Mukulu ◽  
M. Oloko
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Strategic Human Resource Management ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Human Resource Planning ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Research Organisations

Strategic planning is a tool that determines the destiny of an individual, institution or organization. Globally, competition defines strategies encompassed by institutions due to industrial economy that had been experienced to pass toward knowledge resource. Efficiency is achieved by successful utilization of resources. Organisations seek a more competitive edge at all costs and turn to more innovations in information technology. Effective measures provide decision makers with feedback on the effect of deliberate actions and influence critical decisions such as resources allocations, as well as appropriate action as may be necessary. This study was carried out in Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO) to determine how strategic human resource influence the performance of agricultural research organisations. It was anchored on the theory of transformational leadership theory. Information on whether research organisations apply strategic human resource planning in management was scarce. This was partly due to the little attention that was drawn on quality of services offered and feedback. Although there had been previous international studies in this field, no similar work had been conducted in agricultural-based research organisations in Kenya. This study therefore sought to establish whether strategic human resource planning could influence performance in agricultural research organizations. Survey research design was used. The study comprised of four agricultural research institutes. The Institutes had a total of 2922 employees in 2016. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect primary data. A pilot test was conducted on 10% of the total respondents to test reliability and validity. Reliability of the instrument was determined by use of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The Pearson’s product moment correlation was used to establish test for linearity using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, (SPSS 2018), while Analysis of Variance was used to test hypothesis. Results showed that strategic human resource management contributes to increased agricultural research performance in KALRO institutes. It is recommended that the findings of this study be embraced by other agricultural research institutions in Kenya.

scholarly journals SCIENCE COMMUNICATION ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATION BETWEEN UNIVERSITY AND INDUSTRY IN LATVIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 526-530
Author(s):  
Justīne Vīķe
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Respective Field ◽  
Organization Of Science ◽  
Commercialization Of Science

Transfer of results of scientific research to society for discussion and consumption is nowadays one of scientists’ responsibilities. Along with the change of roles of scientific institutions, scientists have also become obliged to distribute results of scientific research, not only within their own community, but also to the part of society that does not consist of specialists in the respective field of research, and that consists of potential consumers of the results of scientific research, including industry as potential commercializers of the research result.The objective of the research was the identification of factors affecting the transfer of results of scientific research to industry (commercialization of science) and the science communication process. Both secondary and primary data were used in the research. Primary data was acquired by semi-structured interviews with experts from industry, university and government.Several factors affecting the commercialization of science have been identified in the situation of Latvia. There is no motivational system for scientists regarding the organization of science communication in Latvia, but the science communication role is essential for cooperation between university and industry.

scholarly journals Empowering Women For Sustainable Development Through Active Participation In Social Enterprise’s Sector In Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood Iraqi ◽  
Tehmina Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Women are around 51% of the total population of Pakistan, and they can do miracles through their active participation in economic activities of the country. Empowering women means accrediting half of the population for sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to examine and analyze the impact of active women participation in the social enterprise sector for their empowerment, and its subsequent consequences in creation of social value in society. For this purpose, primary data has been collected through random and snowball sampling to gain insight into female practitioner’s perspective. The paper highlights women empowerment as a multi-dimensional phenomenon based on four dimensions: psychological, social, economic and political empowerment. It prime focus on active participation in the social enterprise’s sector may lead to increase in enablement of women, the data shows that majority of female entrepreneur responded that they feel psychologically empowered and have financial contribution in household expenses and in community welfare. Secondly, the paper identifies the major challenges including concern of safety and security, lack of access to financial opportunities and social acceptance of the project that restrict women entrepreneurs from progress and creation of social value. Thirdly, it intends to construct framework for recommendations to promote women social enterprises in Pakistan for sustainable development as a whole.

scholarly journals The serial publications as sources of research on the history of agricultural experimental work in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Iryna S. Borodai
Keyword(s):  
Ukrainian Academy ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
History Of

The aim is to analyze the bibliographic series based on the National Scientific Agricultural Library of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The methods are source analysis, in particular, the use of traditional methods of classification and critique of documentary sources, its identification, analysis and synthesis. Scientific novelty. The article covers the topics of the most popular series “Agrarian Science of Ukraine in Persons, Documents, Bibliographies”, that was founded in 1998. The theoretical and practical contribution in the development of a strategy for managing the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine by well-known scientists M. Vavilov, O. Kvastsnyky, P. Sloskin, K. Gedroits, V. Resemlo, I. Lukinov, O. Alesho, S. Tretyakov, B. Yenken, A. Sko­rohodko, O. Bugutsky, D. Lykhvar, A. Sapegin, V. Pe­re­sipkin, C. Frankfurt, O. Kalachikov, M. Krav­chenko, M. Zubets, P. Prokopovych, V. Kudashev is revealed. Originality. Thematic blocks of serial editions are devoted to issues of the role of academic scientific institutions in scientific and methodological support and coordination of scientific researches, development of some branches of agriculture, with its general characterization are set. Main results. The significance of serial publications as an information resource for studying the history of the forming and development of agricultural research work, the formation of a network of branch scientific institutions, the extension of agrarian education, the establishment of scientific schools and areas in agrarian science, actualization of the scientific heritage for solving urgent issues of the present, etc. The most numerous block of editions is devoted to the development of academic branch science, which took place within the framework of the functioning of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Department of Agricultural Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, the Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Southern Department of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Conclusions. It is shown that serial editions, created on the basis of a wide range of diverse sources, mainly Ukrainian archival funds, periodicals, statistical materials, scientific literature, promote the representation and evaluation of the activities of some agricultural scientists and research teams in the departmental, regional and sectoral aspects. Practical meaning. The article will contribute to the expansion of the source resource for the study of the formation and development of the agricultural researching work in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Varietal Release, Notification and Denotification System in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chand ◽  
Kailash Chandra ◽  
Indu ◽  
Champa Lal Khatik
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Indian Council ◽  
Quality Regulation ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
State Check ◽  
Crop Research

Agriculture is the backbone of India and improved agricultural practices principally depend on the use of newly evolved improved variety. In the Indian scenario, a statutory varietal release system is working where notification and denotification process are playing a crucial role in quality regulation of seed. Crop research institutes of ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), SAUs (State Agricultural Universities) and private seed companies are the main pillars to develop improved varieties in India. The thumb rule is, the improved variety must have a higher yield compared to the existing one (national and state check varieties) and this is ensured via several multilocational evaluations at a different level. This article covers the Indian regulatory system of variety release, evaluation process at a different level, and the importance of notification and denotification. This information will help the scientific community in regards to suggesting improved variety for general cultivation by farmers.

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