A sample of eighteenth century spoken Mandarin from North China

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-244
Author(s):  
South W. Coblin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Chinese Text ◽  
North China ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The Chinese dialogues in the Qīngwén qĭméng, a Manchu textbook for Chinese readers, provide an extended sample of spoken northern Guānhuà from the mid-eighteenth century. And one version of this text, to be examined here, adds Manchu transcriptional forms for the Chinese text. In the present paper certain phonological, lexical and syntactic features of the form of Chinese underlying the text are examined with specific reference to the development of northern Guānhuà as a koine and to the relationship of this koine to its more prestigious counterpart, the southern Guānhuà of the Nanking area. The paper ends with some thoughts about the route followed by northern Guānhuà as it became the dominant koiné variety during the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals La autofiguración en Hombre de la esquina rosada, de Jorge Luis Borges.

Sincronía ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol XXV (80) ◽  
pp. 358-382
Author(s):  
Benjamin Aguilar Sandín ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Jorge Luis Borges ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Textual Image ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This work will analyze the short story Hombre de la esquina rosada by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, in order to establish a relationship between the textual image created by Borges and the concept of Self-Figuration proposed by critic José Amícola (who builds upon the work of critic Sylvia Molloy). In order to further this analysis a brief historical review will be made, particularly focused on the appearance of Autobiography as a genre in the Eighteenth Century and its later consolidation in both Europe and Argentina during the Nineteenth Century. This historical relationship will be used to help analyze the concept of SelfFiguration in the specific case of Borges. Subsequently, this analysis will consider Borges' relationship with cutlers' stories, the relationship of these stories with larger literary tradition and, finally, the Argentine author's Self-Figuration in the tale "Man on the Pink Corner." Commentary from theorist Jesus Davila will also be used to analyze significant features of Borges' cutler's stories and identify elements of said stories which could contribute to Borges' Self-Figuration.

The Gallic Singularity and the Royal Mistress

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-66
Author(s):  
Christine Adams
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Marie Antoinette ◽  
Louis Xvi ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Realm

The relationship of the French king and royal mistress, complementary but unequal, embodied the Gallic singularity; the royal mistress exercised a civilizing manner and the soft power of women on the king’s behalf. However, both her contemporaries and nineteenth- and early twentieth-century historians were uncomfortable with the mistress’s political power. Furthermore, paradoxical attitudes about French womanhood have led to analyses of her role that are often contradictory. Royal mistresses have simultaneously been celebrated for their civilizing effect in the realm of culture, chided for their frivolous expenditures on clothing and jewelry, and excoriated for their dangerous meddling in politics. Their increasing visibility in the political realm by the eighteenth century led many to blame Louis XV’s mistresses—along with Queen Marie-Antoinette, who exercised a similar influence over her husband, Louis XVI—for the degradation and eventual fall of the monarchy. This article reexamines the historiography of the royal mistress.

Police Records

2019 ◽  
pp. 797-819
Author(s):  
Cristina Vatulescu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Media History ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Police Records ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter approaches police records as a genre that gains from being considered in its relationships with other genres of writing. In particular, we will follow its long-standing relationship to detective fiction, the novel, and biography. Going further, the chapter emphasizes the intermedia character of police records not just in our time but also throughout their existence, indeed from their very origins. This approach opens to a more inclusive media history of police files. We will start with an analysis of the seminal late nineteenth-century French manuals prescribing the writing of a police file, the famous Bertillon-method manuals. We will then track their influence following their adoption nationally and internationally, with particular attention to the politics of their adoption in the colonies. We will also touch briefly on the relationship of early policing to other disciplines, such as anthropology and statistics, before moving to a closer look at its intersections with photography and literature.

“Quelques misérables places à remplir”Locating Shaped Painting in Eighteenth-Century France

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-571
Author(s):  
David Pullins
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article addresses in depth for the first time the irregularly shaped canvases known as tableaux chantournés (cut-out paintings) that were produced in vast numbers by leading academicians between the 1730s and 1750s and occupy a tenuous place between fine and applied or decorative arts. Through an examination of the term’s first uses in regard to painting and eighteenth-century critics’ responses to these works, tableaux chantournés are positioned as a means of rethinking the extraction of painting from a richer visual field and the relationship of this medium-specific agenda to the historiography of the rococo.

scholarly journals Nietzsche e a Historiografia Prussiana: análise de fragmentos póstumos da Primeira Fase de sua obra

Antíteses ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Celso Kraemer ◽  
Dominique Santos ◽  
Aniele Crescêncio
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German States ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

RESUMO Ao observar as relações de Nietzsche com seus contemporâneos verifica-se que ele estava ciente das principais discussões relativas à Unificação da Alemanha (1871). Para a unificação era necessário que os 39 estados alemães compartilhassem o sentimento de pertencimento a uma pátria comum. Nesse meandro, os historiadores prussianos do século XIX desempenharam papel fundamental ao produzir um ambiente filosófico nacionalista, uma maneira científica e objetiva de pensar sobre a história. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as interações de Nietzsche com estes círculos intelectuais. Para isto, foram selecionados quatro dos chamados fragmentos póstumos de Nietzsche datados entre 1871 e 1873. De acordo com o ponto de vista de Nietzsche, as pretensões dos historiadores, não tinham nenhuma crítica, pois acreditavam, ingenuamente, que a verdade era um alvo tangível. Por outro lado, ele indicou a necessidade de uma história ligada à cultura, que era trabalhada em conjunto com "instintos artísticos".  ABSTRACT By observing the relationship of Nietzsche with his contemporaries one can notice that he was aware of the main discussions related to the unification of Germany (1871). Unification required 39 German states to share the feeling of belonging to a common homeland. Prussian historians of the nineteenth century played a key role in producing such a nationalist philosophical environment, a scientific and objectivist way of thinking about History. This work aim is to understand the interactions between Nietzsche and this intelectual circles. For this purpose, four of the so-called posthumous Nietzsche fragments, dated between 1871 and 1873, were selected. According to Nietzsche's point of view, some historians had a naive pretension to reach the truth, as if it were a tangible target. On another hand, he pointed out the necessity of a link between History and Culture, which should be understood altogether with ‘artistic instincts’. 

The Science of Destruction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Werrett
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Authority ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Explosive Chemicals

This chapter surveys the evolution of chemical and mechanical weapons used by terrorists between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries, ranging from the diabolical contraptions of “infernal machines” to dynamite, the terrorist’s favorite explosive, invented by Alfred Nobel in the 1860s. The chapter also explores the ingenuity of terror. While anarchists and revolutionaries who used explosive chemicals are often represented as merely consumers of the latest scientific creations, the chapter argues that in fact these communities showed considerable ingenuity in devising new weapons. A brief case study of the career of Irish nationalist Robert Emmet’s rockets in the pre-dynamite era demonstrates this. The chapter concludes by considering the relationship of terror and science, and contrasts the radical political views of terrorists with their typically unchallenging acceptance of scientific authority and opinions in the nineteenth century.

Air and Odour

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-87
Author(s):  
William Tullett
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Medicine ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sense Of Smell ◽  
Royal Institution ◽  
Airborne Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Starting with the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s experience of the Royal Institution lectures of 1802, this chapter sets out the relationship between smell, chemistry, and environmental medicine in the period from the 1660s to the 1820s. Putridity and putrefaction had long been associated with bad smell, but what the chemical investigations of the mid-eighteenth century succeeded in doing was separating the stink of putridity from its unhealthy qualities. Eudiometers, devices for measuring the quality of air that enjoyed a short vogue in the later eighteenth century, were one way of replacing the, now untrustworthy, sense of smell. Ultimately smell became a useful analogy for thinking about airborne disease or contagious particles, but by the early nineteenth century most physicians and chemists no longer believed that all smell was disease.

Mendelssohn and the Idea of the North

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-139
Author(s):  
Sarah Clemmens Waltz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe ◽  
Folk Song ◽  
German Culture ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter re-evaluates Felix Mendelssohn’s ‘Scottish’ works by placing them in the context of the early-nineteenth-century North German view of Scotland, especially as channelled through Mendelssohn’s mentors Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Carl Friedrich Zelter. Such interest in Scotland was undergirded by a belief in a shared German-Celtic past and a sense that Scottish culture was not exotic but rather essentially German. Figures in Mendelssohn’s circle participated in deliberate attempts to claim a general northern antiquity for German culture, using arguments concerning the relationship of climate, race, and character. A recontextualization of Scotland as representing a lost German past may signal additional reinterpretations of Mendelssohn’s anticipations of travel, his travel experiences, and his statements concerning folk song, as well as his Fantasy, Op. 28, originally titled Sonate écossaise.

From “Fiscal-Military” State to Laissez-faire State, 1760–1850

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Harling ◽  
Peter Mandler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Government Growth ◽  
Regressive Tax ◽  
Central Apparatus ◽  
A Chain ◽  
British State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The recent historiographical revolution in our understanding of the eighteenth-century state has broad implications, analytical as well as empirical, that are only beginning to be plumbed. Due largely to the work of Patrick O'Brien and John Brewer, the old picture—of a small, amateurish, corrupt central apparatus largely maintained (between sporadic wars) to dignify the crown and assist gentlemanly (i.e., parliamentary) plunder—has been pretty completely effaced. We now see that by the end of the French wars the British state was one of the largest and most efficient in Europe; certainly it engorged the largest proportion of national product by means of a ruthlessly regressive tax system. The French wars were the climax, not the sole begetters of this system, which had been spawned by a chain of wars mounting in scope and sophistication since the late seventeenth century and requiring commensurate improvements in fiscal policy: thus Brewer's memorable naming of the system as the “fiscal-military state.”For historians of the early nineteenth century, this revision raises a host of questions about the relationship of social change and social class to government growth. Particularly, it casts doubt on the customary association made between growth in the size or scope of government and the rise in the Industrial Revolution of new social and economic questions and a bourgeoisie to answer them; that is, it casts doubt on the implicit “modernization” model that hitches together economic growth, government growth, bureaucracy, professionalism, and embourgeoisement.

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