Africa West Coast Region (MAA61002)

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) are the second most common cause of healthy life years lost by women in the 15 – 44 years age group in Africa. Aim/Objective: To determine the prevalence of STIs among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics in the West Coast Region of The Gambia. Materials and Methods: Blood, urine, and high vaginal swabs samples from 280 pregnant women attending ANC in Brika- ma District Hospital, Brikama, and Bandung Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Bandung were examined. Serum samples were tested for HIV using western blot technique and for syphilis using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, and rapid plasma regimen. Candida albicans, Group B Streptococcus and Neisseria gonorrhoea were identified using Analytical Profile Index (API). Direct urine microscopy was used to identify C. albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis while Chlamydia trachomatis was identified using Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) test. Results: The overall prevalence of STIs was 53.6%. The pathogenic agents isolated were Candida albicans (31.8%), Strep- tococcus agalactiae (15.0%), Treponema pallidum (6.8%), HIV (5.7%), Trichomonas vaginalis (3.9%), Neisseria gonorrhoea (1.8%) and Chlamydia trachomatis (0.7%). STIs were more prevalent among women in the younger age group of 15 – 24 years (54.7%), unemployed (54.0%), Primipara (62.3%), and in the third trimester of pregnancy (72.7%). Conclusion: A high prevalence of STIs was found among pregnant women attending ANC in the West Coast region of The Gambia. Public health intervention programmes should be strengthened to promote the sexual and reproductive health of pregnant women in The Gambia. Keywords: Sexually transmitted infections; pregnant women; antenatal clinics; The Gambia.

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Improving WSR-88D Radar QPE for Orographic Precipitation Using Profiler Observations

Journal of Hydrometeorology ◽

10.1175/jhm-d-13-0131.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 1135-1151 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Youcun Qi ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Brian Kaney ◽

Carrie Langston ◽

Kenneth Howard

Keyword(s):

Sierra Nevada ◽

West Coast ◽

Heavy Rain ◽

Moisture Flux ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

The United States ◽

The West ◽

Radar Beam ◽

Orographic Enhancement ◽

Coast Region

Abstract Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) in the West Coast region of the United States has been a big challenge for Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) because of severe blockages caused by the complex terrain. The majority of the heavy precipitation in the West Coast region is associated with strong moisture flux from the Pacific that interacts with the coastal mountains. Such orographic enhancement of precipitation occurs at low levels and cannot be observed well by WSR-88D because of severe blockages. Specifically, the radar beam either samples too high above the ground or misses the orographic enhancement at lower levels, or the beam broadens with range and cannot adequately resolve vertical variations of the reflectivity structure. The current study developed an algorithm that uses S-band Precipitation Profiler (S-PROF) radar observations in northern California to improve WSR-88D QPEs in the area. The profiler data are used to calculate two sets of reference vertical profiles of reflectivity (RVPRs), one for the coastal mountains and another for the Sierra Nevada. The RVPRs are then used to correct the WSR-88D QPEs in the corresponding areas. The S-PROF–based VPR correction methodology (S-PROF-VPR) has taken into account orographic processes and radar beam broadenings with range. It is tested using three heavy rain events and is found to provide significant improvements over the operational radar QPE.

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The Effect of Capital Expenditure and Gross Fixed Capital Formation on Income Disparity in West Coast Region of North Sumatera

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/260/1/012022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 260 ◽

pp. 012022

Author(s):

B Purba ◽

R Masbar ◽

I Maipita ◽

A Jamal

Keyword(s):

West Coast ◽

Capital Expenditure ◽

Capital Formation ◽

Fixed Capital ◽

Income Disparity ◽

Fixed Capital Formation ◽

Coast Region

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Aluminium in Groundwater Possible Solution Equilibria

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.1981.0004 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Erik Eriksson

Keyword(s):

Present State ◽

West Coast ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Acid Precipitation ◽

Iron Hydroxides ◽

The West ◽

Solution Equilibria ◽

The Future ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Coast Region

Recent investigations in the west coast region of Sweden has revealed the occurrence of groundwaters with a pH of around 4 and, further, alarmingly high concentrations of soluble aluminium. The reason for the occurrence of acid groundwater is, of course, the acid precipitation falling over this area of Sweden in combination with coarse soils on resistant types of granites and gneisses. The »resistance« against acidification of groundwater offered in the soil profile by aluminium and iron hydroxides must obviously have been partly broken. It seems therefore relevant to examine the solubility conditions of aluminium compounds in soils and rocks. From this we may reconstruct the process which led to the present state and we may also be able to tell what information on soils is needed in order to predict the future acidification of groundwater.

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Mechanism of high rainfall over the Indian west coast region during the monsoon season

Climate Dynamics ◽

10.1007/s00382-013-1972-9 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (5-6) ◽

pp. 1513-1529 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

R. S. Maheskumar ◽

S. G. Narkhedkar ◽

S. B. Morwal ◽

B. Padmakumari ◽

D. R. Kothawale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Coast ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

High Rainfall ◽

Coast Region

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High faecal carriage of multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae and other gram negative strains among food handlers in Cosmopolitan Cities of The Gambia

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.2.0364 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 181-189

Author(s):

Bakary Sanneh ◽

Ollie Diane Riley ◽

Haruna S. Jallow ◽

Abou Kebbeh ◽

Yaya Camara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

West Coast ◽

The Gambia ◽

Effective Control ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Food Handlers ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Fecal Carriage ◽

Coast Region

The introductions of advanced antibiotics have triggered complex versions of resistant genes in gram-negative bacteria. In a generation witness limited discovery of antibiotics makes this phenomenon a major public health threat. This study aims to establish the fecal carriage rate of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains among food handlers. Data was extracted from a prospective cross-sectional study – ‘Prevalence and risk factors of fecal carriage of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae amongst food handlers in Lower Basic Schools in West Coast region of The Gambia. The study enrolled 600 randomly selected food handlers (565 of which had complete data set) from 60 lower basic schools in 7 districts in the West Coast Region of The Gambia. Stool samples were collected from the participants and screened for resistance to cefotaxim. Isolated organisms were further tested for susceptibility to cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones and other families of antimicrobials as per Clinical Standard Laboratory Institute guidelines. The association of risk factors to fecal carriage of resistant Enterobacteriacea was performed using Pearson Chi squared and fishers exact (P<0.05). Results confirmed that the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae by resistance to cefotaxime was 15.8%. 23 genus and 89 species of resistant strains were isolated. All isolates were 100% resistant to cephalosporins such as ceftriazone, cefotaxime and cefuroxime, except ceftazidime (92%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone) was measured at 50%. Only 1.2% was resistant to imipenem (carbapenem). Most isolates were resistant to ampicillin, nitrofurantoine, erythromycin, tetracycline and cotrimaxole. Majority of the identified Enterobacteriaceae were Enterobacter aerogene (14%), Klebsiella pneumoniea (12%) and Escherichia coli (7%). This study found a high prevalence of fecal carriage multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae among food handlers, mostly women, in The Gambia. The irrational prescription and use of antibiotics is a major risk factor for the proliferation of antibiotic resistance. Well-conducted surveillance is essential to implement effective control measures for the spread of antibiotic resistance urgently receommended.

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Pro-Civil Society Empowerment Programs of Fishermen in the West Coast Region of Buleleng Regency

International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding ◽

10.18415/ijmmu.v8i7.2909 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 382

Author(s):

I Nyoman Sukraaliawan ◽

A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara ◽

A.A. Bagus Wirawan ◽

I Gde Made Metera

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

West Coast ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Primary Data ◽

Fishing Communities ◽

Fishing Community ◽

The West ◽

Observation Methods ◽

The Government ◽

Coast Region

The marine area of the west coast of Buleleng Regency has great potential for fisheries and marine affairs which, if managed properly, will be able to provide welfare for people who depend on the fisheries and marine sectors such as fishing communities. However, the reality is that there are still many fishermen who are in poverty so this is an irony for an area that has rich marine potential but the condition of the fishing community is still in the shackles of poverty so that policies or empowerment programs that are more pro-civil society are needed. This research was conducted to find out some of the actions of empowering fishing communities in the West Coast Region of Buleleng Regency, so that they can be useful both theoretically and practically. Data collection methods were carried out through interviews with several informants to obtain primary data and also through observation methods and document studies. Data analysis will be carried out using qualitative analysis, namely organizing data, sorting it into manageable units, synthesizing it, looking for and finding patterns, so that a conclusion is obtained. The research revealed that the sectoral government has implemented several actions that are part of the coastal community empowerment program including fishermen through several activities, namely strengthening the entrepreneurial culture of fishermen, strengthening fishermen's institutions, strengthening participation, strengthening fishermen's capital and through providing revolving capital assistance, as well as infrastructure assistance. As a result, fishing communities can experience positive benefits from empowerment efforts such as increasing fishery and non-fishery business diversification and wider fishing range so that it can affect the socio-economic conditions of fishermen who are getting better. It can be suggested to the related parties, that the fishing community should be provided with fisherman business capital assistance by the government through financial institutions that are no longer considered burdensome to fishermen, such as the necessity of guarantees or collateral in the form of certificates or BPKB when obtaining fisherman business credits that have been This is a complaint of the fishing community, especially the small fishermen.

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