Hara Tanzan and the Japanese Buddhist Discovery of “Experience”

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Stephan Kigensan Licha
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Meiji Period ◽  
Western Influence ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Empirical Standard

Abstract This paper explores the role of Hara Tanzan 原坦山 (1819–1892) in the transformation of Buddhism into an “experiential religion” during the Meiji period. Scholars such as Sharf have argued that this transformation is due to Western influence on figures such as DT Suzuki. Japanese language scholarship has instead shown that in the early 1900s, the notion of Buddhism as experiential religion was already widespread, considering Tanzan as a predecessor of this discourse. I argue that Tanzan was among the first to discover the importance of “experience” in the confrontation with science, yet interpreted it as an empirical standard for both religious and scientific knowledge. However, Tanzan did not yet establish the separation of science and religion characteristic of the modern understanding of both terms. I conclude that Tanzan was one starting point in a dialectic that is integral to the indigenous genealogy of “religious experience” in Japan.

The Conceptual Formation of the Category “Religion” in Modern Japan: Religion, State, Shintō

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun’ichi Isomae
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
English Word ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
The State ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
The West ◽  
Meiji Period ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Japanese Word

Abstract The Japanese word shūkyō was originally a coined word occurring in Chinese Buddhist dictionaries, but it became used as the translation for the English word “religion” when the English word was transmitted to Japan from the West after the opening of the country at the end of the nineteenth century. At that time, a new kind of Japanese language treating Shintō and Buddhism as ‘religions’ was born, with Christianity forming the axis, but while still intertwined with Buddhism and Shintō. Bearing in mind the Protestant influence on acculturation processes in Japan at the beginning of the Meiji period, this paper aims to offer an overview of how the term “religion” became embedded in Japan and how the Meiji government dealt with the competition of Shintō against Christianity and Buddhism. In that context it touches upon crucial historical and social developments such as the clash between science and religion of the late 1870s and the opposition between the state and religion in the early 1890s, together with well-known incidents such as the Uchimura Kanzō affair. The paper focuses in particular on the period from the end of the early modern Edo regime through the end of the Meiji period and analyzes how views of religious issues underwent transition within Japan.

scholarly journals Początki nowoczesnej japońskiej literatury dziecięcej

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-222
Author(s):  
Marcelina de Zoete-Leśniczak
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Japanese Literature ◽  
Main Mass ◽  
Meiji Period ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Representative Work

The beginnings of contemporary Japanese children’s literature In Poland, despite the fact that Japanese literature is very thoroughly researched, described and translated, the section of literature dedicated to children (jidōbungaku), for years remained neglected and marginalized. As a result, it is an area completely undiscovered and unexplored. At the beginning of the article, the key role of education and its development in modernizing Japan is presented. Then, the literature of the first twenty years of the Meiji period (1868–1888) is outlined together with introduction of main mass-published magazines on children’s literature. Among them, it was the periodical “Shōnen sekai” that played an epochal role, so its activity and involvement in shaping the children’s literature of the Meiji period are discussed in detail. In the following chapters, the silhouette of Iwaya Sazanami is presented together with his representative work – a fairy tale (otogibanashi) entitled Koganemaru (boy’s name). This is because Koganemaru is considered the most important turning point in the difficult course of systematising children’s literature in modernizing Japan. This article, probably innovative, by examining the beginnings and the process of almost 40 years of emerging of Japanese children’s literature, will fill an important gap in the study of Japanese literature in Poland and maybe become an essential starting point for its development.

scholarly journals SCIENCE AND RELIGION IN THE CATHOLIC DOCTRINE: COADAPTIVE TRENDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Mykola Stadnyk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Doctrine Of Creation ◽  
Role Of Religion

Theoretical approaches to the co-adaptation of science and religion in Catholicism are revealed. The metaphysical substantiation of the existence of the supernatural is shown. The multifaceted arguments for the defense of the idea of creation are based on references to the limited and historical underdevelopment of human practice, evidence of the presence of uncontrolled, almost undeveloped, and therefore incomprehensible phenomena of nature, society and the human psyche. A characteristic feature of theological knowledge is not systematic, but spontaneity, at their basis is the rational substantiation of the irrational. The process of cognition for Catholic theologians presupposes the dominance of faith and the silence of reason. This understanding of the process of cognition and the role of science has changed over the course of historical time. Under the influence of the growing role of science, Catholic theologians began to highlight in certain issues not only the possible combination of religion with scientific knowledge, but also to prove the beneficial influence of religion on science. In the Catholic understanding, this points to the leading role of religion in the emergence of science. At the same time, scientific knowledge strives for objective significance and maximum accuracy. The Catholic doctrine of creation not only recognizes subjectivism, but also identifies theological faith and inner experience with the criterion of truth. A comparative analysis of scientific and theological knowledge shows that their purpose, methods and criteria of knowledge are essentially opposite.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE: FROM THEORY TO EXPERIMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
ANASTASIYA A. ZUBKOVSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Medical Technologies

The article presents an analysis of experimental studies of religious experience conducted in the laboratory using medical technologies of electroencephalography (EEG) and tomography (including fMRI, PET, SPECT, etc.). The relevance of the article is due to modern trends in the revision of the role of Humanities in the structure of the scientific knowledge. The article considers early attempts of experimental study of religion from the first half of the 20th century; the author tries to make a relevant periodization of experimental research program in the science of religion. The conclusion summarizes the progress of the considered research program and points to modern trends in Humanities caused by implementation of the experimental methodology.

scholarly journals Educación en tecnología para la sociedad del siglo XXI: el papel de la tecnología en la sociedad del siglo XXI / Technology Education in the XXI Century Society: The Role of Technology in XXI Century Society

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Maria Esther Tellez Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Technology Education ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Socialization Processes ◽  
And Training

ABSTRACTConsidering the importance of technology in today's society and its relationship to science, not only reflect chang-es  in  the  educational  process  are  necessary  but,  in  order  to  contribute  to  a  more  comprehensive  training  of  subjects.  So, deserves special attention to achieve technological and scientific knowledge reach all citizens so that they mitigate and cope with various problems, environmental, social, cultural and even teaching and learning. Consequently, an analysis of socialization processes of technological knowledge in Colombia is made, from general (national policies) and from the particular (teaching practice), to identify if you are taking and how the approach to technology; as a starting point for the promotion and planning of strategies to improve teaching practices and thus learning and training of citizens.RESUMENAtendiendo a la importancia que tiene la tecnología en la sociedad actual y en su relación con la ciencia, se hace necesario no solo una reflexión, sino algunos cambios en el proceso educativo, a fin de contribuir a una formación más integral de los sujetos.  Así pues, merece especial atención lograr que el conocimiento tecnológico, así como el científico llegue a todos ciudadanos con el fin de que se mitiguen y se haga frente a diversas problemáticas, tanto ambientales, socia-les, culturales y hasta de la enseñanza-aprendizaje. En consecuencia, se realiza un análisis de los procesos de socialización del conocimiento tecnológico en Colombia, desde lo general (políticas nacionales) y desde lo particular (práctica profesio-nal docente), a fin de identificar si se está dando y de qué manera el acercamiento a la tecnología; como punto de partida para la promoción y planteamiento de estrategias de mejoramiento de las prácticas de enseñanza, por ende de aprendizaje y de formación de ciudadanos.

A Synthesis of Faith and Scientific Knowledge in the Life and Work of St. Luka (Professor-surgeon V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky) in 1941-1944

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Семён Валериевич Кожевников
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Exceptional Value ◽  
Priestly Ministry ◽  
First Time

Цель исследования - описать соединение христианской православной веры и медицинской хирургической науки в личности профессора В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого (святителя Луки) в красноярский период его жизни и деятельности. Для этого автором представлены сведения об общем количестве научных трудов Валентина Феликсовича по хирургии, об объёме произнесённых и записанных проповедей и философско-теологических произведений архиепископа Луки. В цифрах продемонстрирована его масштабная хирургическая деятельность. Показано исключительное значение хирурга В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого как учёного-новатора в области военно-полевой и, особенно, гнойной хирургии. Отмечена видная педагогическая роль Валентина Феликсовича в подготовке им в Красноярске ученых-врачей, продолживших и развивших дело профессора после его переезда в Тамбов. На основании воспоминаний очевидцев его священнического служения и научно-практической деятельности представлены убедительные доказательства гармоничного соединения науки и религии в личности святителя Луки в красноярский период. В итоге автор формулирует вывод: успех научно-практической работы учёного-монаха в глубоком тылу в военное время оказался возможным именно благодаря синтезу веры и науки. Необходимо отметить, что тема, изученная в данной статье, поднимается впервые. The aim of the study is to describe the connection of the Christian Orthodox faith and medical surgical science in the personality of Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky (St. Luke) in the Krasnoyarsk period of his life and activity. For this purpose, the author presents information on the total number of scientific works of Valentin Feliksovich on surgery, the volume of sermons delivered and recorded, and philosophical and theological works of Archbishop Luke. The figures show his large-scale surgical activity. The exceptional value of the surgeon Valentin Felixovich is shown. Voyno-Yasenetsky as a scientist-innovator in the field of military and, especially, purulent surgery. The prominent pedagogical role of Valentin Feliksovich in the training of scientists-doctors in Krasnoyarsk, who continued and developed the work of the Professor after his move to Tambov, was noted. Based on the recollections of eyewitnesses of his priestly Ministry and scientific and practical activities, convincing evidence of the harmonious Union of science and religion in the personality of St. Luke in the Krasnoyarsk period is presented. As a result, the author formulates a conclusion: the success of scientific and practical work of the scientist-monk in the deep rear in wartime was possible thanks to the synthesis of faith and science. It should be noted that the topic studied in this article is raised for the first time.

Understanding and reducing tension between science and religion: The role of meaning in social cognitive biases and reducing defensiveness

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl R. Van Tongeren ◽  
Jeffrey D. Green ◽  
Timothy L. Hulsey ◽  
Cristine H. Legare ◽  
David G. Bromley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Science And Religion

INTERPRETATION OF SINO-RUSSIAN CULTURE AND HUMANITIES COOPERATION IN THE NEW ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
REN YANYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
New Era ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cooperative Partnership ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The friendship between nations lies in the mutual affinity of the people, and the people’s affinity lies in the communion of hearts. The cultural and humanities cooperation between China and Russia has a long history. In recent years, under the role of the“Belt and Road” initiative, the SCO, and the Sino-Russian Humanities Cooperation Committee, Sino-Russian culture and humanities cooperation has continued to deepen. Entering a new era, taking the opportunity to promote Sino-Russian relations into a “new era China-Russia comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership”, the development of human relations between the two countries has entered a new historical starting point, while also facing a series of problems and challenges. This article is based on the current status of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, interprets the characteristics of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, analyzes the problems and challenges of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, and tries to propose solutions and solutions with a view to further developing Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era. It is a useful reference, and provides a reference for future related research, and ultimately helps the Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era to be stable and far-reaching.

TheOrvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal)in the network of medical journals

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (22) ◽  
pp. 876-879
Author(s):  
András Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Subject

The role of networks is swiftly increasing in the production and communication of scientific knowledge. Network aspects have, therefore, an ever growing importance in the analysis of the scientific enterprise, as well. The present paper demonstrates some techniques of studying the network of scientific journals on the subject of seeking the position of Orvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal) in the international journal network. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(22), 876–879.

Writing Rites

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Roden
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Literature Classroom ◽  
Queer Spaces

This experiential essay interrogates the role of the literature classroom for teaching the diversity of religious experience. The secular humanities academy, and the secular humanities classroom, prove to be "queer" spaces for exploring religion: and strategic in demonstrating the breadth of its study.

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