Gems: From Bangkok to Lausanne. Belgian Jurist Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns’ Letter to his French Colleague Ernest Lehr

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Antoine Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
International Networks ◽  
The Social

Abstract The section ‘Gems’ consists of short articles which present sources that might be of interest to migration researcher. In this Gems: a letter sent from Bangkok on 23 August 1896 by Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns to his French colleague Ernest Lehr. We show that this document enables us to highlight the international networks in which international law scholars were involved. It reveals the professional concerns and problems of the lawyer, but also the social reality of his daily life.

scholarly journals The role of media in the construction of social reality

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Nišić ◽  
Divna Plavšić
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Construction ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Th is paper analyzes the concept of media construction of reality and its impacton society. Recognizing the growing infl uence and importance of themedia in a man’s daily life, it can be said that the media and media cultureitself are an important factor in modern society. Th e media have the abilityto place information and to provide to the citizens-consumers to accept themwithout critical and conscious interpretation and real understanding. An importantfactor in the development of the media is and technological advancesthat contributed to the rapid spread of the media and gave more power to thepresentation of reality and the state of society as it corresponds to the creatorsand the “constructors” of that reality. By understanding Baudrillard and hisunderstanding of the simulation, we will present the impact and role of themedia in constructing the social reality (simulation of reality).

scholarly journals Mujeres con pena privativa de libertad: ¿quiénes son y cómo viven en una cárcel de Ecuador?/ Women's imprisonment: Who they are and how they live in a prison in Ecuador?

2017 ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Laddy Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Women's Imprisonment

Los estudios acerca de personas con pena privativa de libertad tradicionalmente han excluido en el análisis al grupo de mujeres presas bajo el argumento de su escaso número. Esta ausencia en el conocimiento motivó la realización del presente estudio que tiene como objetivo perfilar social y jurídicamente a mujeres recluidas en uno de los Centros de Rehabilitación Social ecuatorianos y, así mismo, conocer su forma de vida mientras cumplen condena, en la mayoría de casos, junto con sus hijos. El enfoque mixto en esta investigación permitió definir un diagnóstico coincidente con los planteamientos de la teoría del desarrollo sobre la delincuencia femenina. Los resultados permitieron ratificar que la falta de educación, el desempleo, la desestructuración familiar y la pobreza caracterizan mayoritariamente la realidad social de mujeres contraventoras de la ley y que los efectos adversos de las penas que cumplen trascienden los muros carcelarios y alcanzan sus redes familiares.   Abstract Studies on people with custodial sentences have traditionally excluded in the analysis the group of women imprisoned under the argument of their limited number. This exclusion has motivated the development of the present study that as an objective wants to create a social and legal profile of women in one of the Ecuadorian Centers of Social Rehabilitation. This will help understand their daily life while in prison, which in major cases includes their life with their children. The emphasis of this investigation allows to define a diagnose that consists with the approaches of the theory of development of criminal activity by women. The results allowed to emphasise that the lack of education, employment, the destruction of families and the poverty is part of the social reality of the majority of women who break the law. The adversary effects of the jail sentences transcends prison walls and reaches the families of the women who are in prison.  

4 The Custom-making Moment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
d'Aspremont Jean
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Moment

This chapter zeroes in on the postulation of a moment in the past where the social reality actually engendered the norm as the discursive performance that is required for customary international law to be grounded in social reality. It discusses the grounding of customary international law in a social reality captured through practice and opinio juris that can only be upheld if there was a moment in the past where the practice and opinio juris of states have coalesced in a way that generates customary international law. It also argues that the actual moment where social reality has engendered a customary norm is never established or traced but is always presupposed. The chapter points out that the moment customary international law is made is located neither in time nor in space. It elaborates how customary international law is presupposed to have been made through actors' behaviours at some given point in the past and in a given place.

The Control over Knowledge by International Courts and Arbitral Tribunals

2020 ◽  
pp. 327-346
Author(s):  
Jean d’Aspremont
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
International Courts ◽  
International Dispute ◽  
The Social ◽  
Control Knowledge ◽  
Resolution Processes

This chapter examines international courts and arbitral tribunals as bureaucratic bodies controlling the social reality created by the definitional categories of international law. In performing their wide variety of functions, international courts and arbitral tribunals not only make use of the social reality created by international law but also exert control over it. This control over the social reality created by the definitional categories of international law is approached as a form of control over knowledge and, it is argued, constitutes a feature of bureaucratic processes. In contending that international courts and arbitral tribunals control knowledge in this way, the chapter projects an image of international dispute resolution processes as bureaucratic sites of the exercise of power. The chapter then identifies the type of knowledge that falls within the ambit of the control of international courts and arbitral tribunals, as well as the modes of control they use to control knowledge.

Global Civil Society, Peacebuilding, and Statebuilding

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Mary Kaldor ◽  
Denisa Kostovicova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
International Law ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Global Civil Society ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
International Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Ngos ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter grounds a definition of global civil society in the existence of international law and links with international networks of either international NGOs or support groups crucial for enabling civil society groups in postconflict countries to operate. Conceptualizing civil society in these global terms, the chapter critiques a technocratic approach to peace- and statebuilding that reduces the multitude of civil society actors to NGOs and their limited ability to address the social condition created by war. If the state of persistent disorder created by a combination of fragmentation and globalization is to be transformed, activist civil society needs to be regarded as a partner in countering sectarian and fundamentalist narratives and in increasing the accountability of corrupt elites. Activist civil society is underpinned by an assumption that protest, activism, debate, and deliberation are the main mechanisms for change. Linked up with international actors, it can provide the basis for a strategy for constructing legitimate institutions at different levels. By focusing on elites associated with the armed groups as participants in the peace talks in a top-down approach to conflict resolution, the international community has at least implicitly endorsed the marginalization of activist civil society. Reversing this relationship opens up new possibilities for reducing violence and for building peace.

scholarly journals Construction of Social Reality in Fiction and Phenomenology of Everyday Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-532
Author(s):  
S. V. Rudanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The idea of the constructed character of social reality implies human contribution to institutional arrangements and cultural patterns that determine the shape of collective existence. The article examines the specific features of social construction seen and studied in phenomenological approach by A. Schutz, P. Berger, Th. Luckmann. The concept reveals significance of daily cognitive style which enables people to structure and understand the world they share with others, escaping situations fraught with gaps of meanings and anomy. The author of the article analyzes the process of social construction, distinguishing it from imaginary building of reality that goes beyond the existed order. Reality of daily life is compared with fictional society represented in J.L. Borges’ “Lottery in Babylon”. Telling about the social construction as it may be, the story demonstrates the similarities between the mental procedures that underlie real and antiutopian (inhuman) routines. The article also centers on peculiarities of phenomenological beholder’s attitude towards sociality. On the one hand, it tends to be free from any theoretical abstractions, imaginary constructions or critical destruction of reality, on the other - inclines to transcend the reified forms of social being and engenders a certain critical message.

scholarly journals The Slow Process of Normativizing Cyberspace

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Tsagourias
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Story Building

In their article, Dan Efrony and Yuval Shany claim that post-Tallinn Manual practice demonstrates that states entertain doubts about the applicability to cyberspace of the rules contained in the Tallinn Manuals. According to the authors, post-Tallinn practice reveals that states treat the application of international law to cyber operations as optional; operate in parallel—legal and nonlegal—tracks of conduct; and engage in gradated enforcement. They also claim that their study invites further research into the implications of state conduct in cyberspace for general international law theory. I will use this last point as a springboard to explain the process of normativization in cyberspace—that is, the process of subjecting states’ cyber operations and behaviors to legal standards. To do this, I will use Oscar Schachter's representation of a normative (legal) order as a three-story building. According to Schachter's metaphor, the third floor is occupied by public values and general policy aspirations; the second floor is occupied by law with its distinctive normative patterns of prescribing, proscribing, and applying; while the ground floor is occupied by the social reality of conduct. The three floors are not isolated but connected by escalators and staircases that go in both directions.

scholarly journals Distribution of Shelters and Agriculture to Communities in the Siosar Refugee Relocation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Agung Suharyanto ◽  
Wiflihani ◽  
Jamilah Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The Siosar area is an official shelter created by the government for communities directly affected by Mount Sinabung. The purpose of this research is to describe the distribution of shelter and agriculture to the community in the Siosar Refugee Relocation. Which methodThe method used is descriptive qualitative research method, which aims to present a picture of the social reality that exists in society by describing phenomena in the area. HThe results of the study can be drawn from the conclusions, namely: the community is very accepting of the distribution of land and settlements in the shelter, because the original location can no longer be lived in. The impact of daily income is also felt and hopes to get agricultural land to maintain income for daily life.

A estranha objetividade do valor: trabalho, ideologia e capital no pensamento de Marx

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-175
Author(s):  
Wécio Pinheiro Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Concrete Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Logic ◽  
The One

Resumo: Em O Capital, Marx nos alertou que a mercadoria tem um caráter misterioso que carrega “sutilezas metafísicas e argúcias teológicas”. Este artigo tenta decifrar um pouco desse mistério buscando decodifica-lo naquilo que denominamos como a estranha objetividade do valor. Para isso, analisamos a relação entre a ideologia e o valor a partir da crítica marxiana à mercadoria, consignada à lógica de Hegel. Vemos que o valor se constitui como razão ontológica da mercadoria enquanto produto do processo de trabalho que carrega uma racionalidade imanente, isto é, um espírito socialmente produzido que se objetiva à medida que é vivenciado pelos indivíduos como uma lógica social que rege as relações nesta sociedade. Isso se dá por meio de “sutilezas metafísicas” na formação da realidade social marcada por contradições estabelecidas entre, de um lado, o conteúdo objetivo das relações sociais, e de outro, a forma como essas relações são vivenciadas pela consciência na sociedade capitalista. Nesta relação entre conteúdo e forma, encontramos determinações de profundidade ontológica entre o valor e a ideologia, enquanto forma social que opera harmonizando as contradições constituintes da realidade social, a exemplo do que acontece no trabalho assalariado. A mediação ideológica se põe como uma progressão imanente à materialização da vivência concreta da relação entre capital e trabalho no salário, de maneira a naturalizar a exploração que se esconde na estranha objetividade do valor que se realiza na troca de mercadorias. Concluímos que a conexão ontológica entre o ser social e a mercadoria é socialmente ubíqua, precisamente por conta do seu caráter ideológico na formação da sociabilidade a partir do processo de trabalho subjugado ao capital.  Palavras-chave: Valor. Ideologia. Trabalho, Capital. Salário.  Abstract: In Capital, Marx warned us that the commodity has a mysterious character bearing "metaphysical subtleties and theological insights." This article attempts to decipher a little of this mystery by decoding it into what we call the strange objectivity of value. For this, we analyze the relation between ideology and value from the Marxian critique of the commodity, consigned to the Hegelian logic. We see that value is constituted as the ontological reason of the commodity as the product of the labor process that carries an immanent rationality, that is, a socially produced spirit that is objectified as it is experienced by the individuals as a social logic that governs the relations in this society. This is done through "metaphysical subtleties" in the formation of social reality marked by contradictions established between, on the one hand, the objective content of social relations, and on the other, the way in which these relations are experienced by consciousness in capitalist society. In this relationship between content and form, we find determinations of ontological depth between value and ideology, as a social form that operates by harmonizing the constituent contradictions of social reality, as in wage labor. Ideological mediation is seen as an immanent progression to the materialization of the concrete experience of the relation between capital and labor in wage, in order to naturalize the exploitation that is hidden in the strange objectivity of the value that is realized in the exchange of commodities. We conclude that the ontological connection between the social being and the commodity is socially ubiquitous precisely because of its ideological character in the formation of sociability from the labor process subjugated to capital.  Keywords: Value. Labor. Ideology. Capital. Wage.  REFERÊNCIAS  ADORNO, Theodor W. Teoria Estética. [Asthetische Theorie]. Tradução de Artur Morão. – São Paulo : Livraria Martins Fontes, 1988.  ADORNO, Theodor W. Três estudos sobre Hegel. [Drei Studien zu Hegel]. Tradução: Ulisses Razzante Vaccari. – 1. Ed. – São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2013.  ARAÚJO, Wécio Pinheiro. Ideologia e capital: crítica da razão imanente à sociedade moderna. Tese de doutorado. João Pessoa, PB; Leipzig, Saxônia, UFPB/UFPE/UFRN-HGB, 2018.  ARTHUR, Christopher J. A nova dialética e “O Capital” de Marx. Tradução de Pedro C. Chadarevian. – São Paulo : Edipro, 2016.   DUSSEL, Enrique. A Produção Teórica de Marx: um comentário sobre os Grundrisse. Tradução de José Paulo Netto. – 1 ed. – São Paulo : Expressão Popular, 2012. GERAS, Norman. Marx and the Critique of Political Economy. In: Ideology and Social Science: politics, sociology, anthropology, economics, history. – Ed. by Robin Blackburn, Fontana/Collins, 1977, p. 284-305.  JAEGGI, Rahel. Alienation: News directions in Critical Theory. Columbia Uni. Press, 2014.  HERÁCLITO, de Éfeso. Heráclito : fragmentos contextualizados. Tradução, apresentação e comentários Alexandre Costa. – São Paulo : Odysseus Editora, 2012.  HEGEL, G. W. F. Fenomenologia do Espírito [Phänomenologie des Geistes]. Tradução de Paulo Meneses; com a colaboração de Karl-Heinz Efken, e José Nogueira Machado. – 5. ed. – Petrópolis, RJ : Vozes : Bragança Paulista, Editora Universitária São Francisco, 2008.  MARX, Karl. Das Kapital: Der Produktionprozess des Kapitals. Erster Band, Erstes Buch (Kapitel XVI-LII). Hamburg, Nikol Verlag., 2016.  MARX, Karl. Grundrisse: manuscritos econômicos de 1857-1858 : esboços da crítica da economia política. – supervisão editorial Mario Duayer; tradução Mario Duayer, Nélio Schneider (colaboração de Alice Helga Werner e Rudiger Hoffman). – São Paulo : Boitempo; Rio de Janeiro: Ed. UFRJ, 2011.  MARX, Karl. Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos. [Ökonomie-philosophische Manuskripte] Tradução, apresentação e notas de Jesus Ranieri. - 2. reimp. - São Paulo : Boitempo Editorial, 2008.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O Processo de Produção do Capital. Vol. I – 10 ª. Edição, Tradução de Reginaldo Sant’ Anna. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch I: Der Produktionsprozes des Kapitals, Quarta edição, 1890). São Paulo : DIFEL, 1985.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O processo de produção do capital. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch 1: Der Produktionsprozess des Kapitals.  – São Paulo: Boitempo, 2013.   NICHOLS, Bill. Ideology and the Image: Social Representation in the Cinema and Other Media. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.

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