The Role of Donations in Building Local School Book Collections in the Ming Dynasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-66
Author(s):  
Joseph Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Text ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Central Government ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Local School ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Donor Motivations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Text Mining

Abstract This article analyses patterns of book donations to local school libraries in the Ming (1368–1644), drawing on a data set made with LoGaRT, a Chinese text mining and processing software created by the Max Planck Institute for History of Science. Records of donated books and other records explaining donor motivations make it possible to show what types of people donated, and what books they selected. Donors gave books on a broad range of topics. Big data makes it possible to identify changes over time and space, and enhances our understanding of book circulation. This article builds on Timothy Brook’s work on Ming school libraries, in which he argued that they had a set of core books issued by the central government, but little else. I argue that donated books were also important for many library collections.

Konflik Hubungan Pusat-Daerah antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Kabupaten Blora Terkaiat dengan Dana Bagi Hasil Blok Cepu

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Budi Setiyono ◽  
Dio Satrio Jati ◽  
Teten Jamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
National Budget ◽  
History Of ◽  
District Government ◽  
Financial Income ◽  
Resources Share

Cepu Block located between Centre Jawa and East Java. It is known as a rich block because it has a source of oil and gas. Block Cepu, where geographically located between three districts, Blora (Centre Java), Bojonegoro and Tuban (East Java) has given a contribution to national budget (APBN) and respected local government budget (APBD). About 33 per cent of the land of Cepu Block is owned by Blora, 67 per cent owned by Bojonegoro and the rest is owned by Tuban. Ironically, however, although 33 per cent of the Block belongs to Blora, the district does not receive any financial income from the oil exploration. There is no resources share fund from Cepu Block. Moreover, the district has to deal with the negative impacts of exploration activities at the Block Cepu such as damaging of infrastructure, environmental pollution, and social disturbance. Blora District has protested to Centre Government, but so far there is no outcome. Centre Government asked that this problem should be studied first. The central government argue that if it is approved, then there will be domino impact: other districts will do the same like Blora. Blora district is struggling to get equality in resources share fund (dana bagi hasil). Efforts have done, seminars and workshops, lobby to DPD (Upper House) to find a solution. Now the district government is proposing judicial review to constitution court. This research examines the history of Block Cepu. It reveals the history of the block from the colonial era up to the reformation era. Further, the research aims to know how the tension between local government (Blora Government) and central government regarding Blok Cepu oil exploration. The research suggests that there is injustice in the distribution of revenue from the exploration and it is understandable if Blora district government struggle to get proportional revenue sharing.

Economics of respiratory disease in dairy replacement heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Michael W. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Culling

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a frequent disease concern in dairy cattle and is most commonly diagnosed in young dairy heifers. The impact of BRD is highly variable, depending on the accuracy and completeness of detection, effectiveness of treatment, and on-farm culling practices. Consequences include decreased rate of weight gain, a higher culling risk either as heifers or as cows, delayed age at first service, delayed age at first calving, and in some cases, lower future milk production. In this data set of 104,100 dairy replacement heifers from across the USA, 36.6% had one or more cases diagnosed within the first 120 days of age with the highest risk of new cases occurring prior to weaning. Comparison of the raising cost for heifers with BRD and those without a recorded history of BRD resulted in an estimated cost per incident case occurring in the first 120 days of age of $252 or $282, depending upon whether anticipated future milk production differences were considered or not. Current market conditions contributed to a cost estimate that is significantly higher than previously published estimates, driven in part by the losses associated with selective culling of a subset of heifers that experienced BRD.

scholarly journals Mediating distributive politics: political alignment and electoral business cycle effects on municipality financing in Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Kitsos ◽  
Antonios Proestakis
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Resource Misallocation ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Political Alignment

AbstractWe examine the role of political alignment and the electoral business cycle on municipality revenues in Greece for the period 2003–2010. The misallocation of resources for political gain represents a waste of resources with significant negative effects on local growth and effective decentralization. The focus of our analysis is municipality mayors since they mediate the relationship between central government and voters and hence can influence the effectiveness of any potential pork-barrelling activity. A novel panel data set combining the results of two local and three national elections with annual municipality budgets is used to run a fixed-effects econometric model. This allows us to identify whether the political alignment between mayors and central government affects municipality financing. We examine this at different stages of local and national electoral cycles, investigating both direct intergovernmental transfers (grants) and the remaining sources of local revenues (own revenues, loans). We find that total revenues are significantly higher for aligned municipalities in the run-up to elections due to higher intergovernmental transfers. We also find evidence that the 2008 crisis has reduced such pork-barrelling activity. This significant resource misallocation increases vertical networking dependency and calls for policy changes promoting greater decentralization and encouraging innovation in local revenue raising.

Characteristics and Care of U.S. Nursing Home Residents with a History of Chronic Mental Illness

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Phillips ◽  
Kathleen M. Spry
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Minimum Data Set ◽  
Chronic Mental Illness ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Minimum Data ◽  
Troubles Mentaux ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resident Assessment ◽  
Medicaments Psychotropes

RÉSUMÉTrès peu de recherches ont été effectuées sur les pensionnaires des maisons de soins ayant manifestés des troubles mentaux chroniques sans démence avant leur entrée en institution. Les données du Minimum Data Set for Nursing Home Resident Assessment and Care Screening (MDS) de 1993 ont été utilisées pouranalyser les différences dans les caractéristiques et les soins se rapportant à ce type de pensionnaires par rapport aux autres pensionnaires. Cette enquête portait sur 70 000 pensionnaires du Kansas, du Maine, du Mississippi et du Dakota du Sud. Les caractéristiques des pensionnaires qui éprouvaient ce type de troubles mentaux chroniques étaient plus fréquemment les suivantes: sexe masculin, 65 ans et plus, bénéficiaires de Medicaid, moins médicalement inaptes et niveau plus élevé de problèmes de comportements. Ces pensionnaires reçoivent aussi davantage de médicaments psychotropes et suivant une thérapie, la prévalence de la thérapie étant cependant moins éleveé. Les informations recueillies pourraient laisser croire que les soins accordés à ces pensionnaires ne sont pas des plus appropriés.

scholarly journals The complete mitochondrial genome of the intertidal spider (Desis jiaxiangi) provides novel insights into the adaptive evolution of the mitogenome and the evolution of spiders

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Yunyun Lv ◽  
Zhengyong Wen ◽  
Chao Bian ◽  
Xinhui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Selection ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Mitogenome ◽  
Selection Signal ◽  
Positive Selection Signal

Abstract Background Although almost all extant spider species live in terrestrial environments, a few species live fully submerged in freshwater or seawater. The intertidal spiders (genus Desis) built silk nests within coral crevices can survive submerged in high tides. The diving bell spider, Argyroneta aquatica, resides in a similar dynamic environment but exclusively in freshwater. Given the pivotal role played by mitochondria in supplying most energy for physiological activity via oxidative phosphorylation and the environment, herein we sequenced the complete mitogenome of Desis jiaxiangi to investigate the adaptive evolution of the aquatic spider mitogenomes and the evolution of spiders. Results We assembled a complete mitogenome of the intertidal spider Desis jiaxiangi and performed comparative mitochondrial analyses of data set comprising of Desis jiaxiangi and other 45 previously published spider mitogenome sequences, including that of Argyroneta aquatica. We found a unique transposition of trnL2 and trnN genes in Desis jiaxiangi. Our robust phylogenetic topology clearly deciphered the evolutionary relationships between Desis jiaxiangi and Argyroneta aquatica as well as other spiders. We dated the divergence of Desis jiaxiangi and Argyroneta aquatica to the late Cretaceous at ~ 98 Ma. Our selection analyses detected a positive selection signal in the nd4 gene of the aquatic branch comprising both Desis jiaxiangi and Argyroneta aquatica. Surprisingly, Pirata subpiraticus, Hypochilus thorelli, and Argyroneta aquatica each had a higher Ka/Ks value in the 13 PCGs dataset among 46 taxa with complete mitogenomes, and these three species also showed positive selection signal in the nd6 gene. Conclusions Our finding of the unique transposition of trnL2 and trnN genes indicates that these genes may have experienced rearrangements in the history of intertidal spider evolution. The positive selection signals in the nd4 and nd6 genes might enable a better understanding of the spider metabolic adaptations in relation to different environments. Our construction of a novel mitogenome for the intertidal spider thus sheds light on the evolutionary history of spiders and their mitogenomes.

Molecular Systematics of Tribe Physarieae (Brassicaceae) Based on Nuclear ITS, LUMINIDEPENDENS, and Chloroplast ndhF

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Fuentes-Soriano ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Relationship Of

Physarieae is a small tribe of herbaceous annual and woody perennial mustards that are mostly endemic to North America, with its members including a large amount of variation in floral, fruit, and chromosomal variation. Building on a previous study of Physarieae based on morphology and ndhF plastid DNA, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the tribe using new sequence data from two nuclear markers, and compared the new topologies against previously published cpDNA-based phylogenetic hypotheses. The novel analyses included ca. 420 new sequences of ITS and LUMINIDEPENDENS (LD) markers for 39 and 47 species, respectively, with sampling accounting for all seven genera of Physarieae, including nomenclatural type species, and 11 outgroup taxa. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses showed that these additional markers were largely consistent with the previous ndhF data that supported the monophyly of Physarieae and resolved two major clades within the tribe, i.e., DDNLS (Dithyrea, Dimorphocarpa, Nerisyrenia, Lyrocarpa, and Synthlipsis)and PP (Paysonia and Physaria). New analyses also increased internal resolution for some closely related species and lineages within both clades. The monophyly of Dithyrea and the sister relationship of Paysonia to Physaria was consistent in all trees, with the sister relationship of Nerisyrenia to Lyrocarpa supported by ndhF and ITS, and the positions of Dimorphocarpa and Synthlipsis shifted within the DDNLS Clade depending on the employed data set. Finally, using the strong, new phylogenetic framework of combined cpDNA + nDNA data, we discussed standing hypotheses of trichome evolution in the tribe suggested by ndhF.

Heterogeneity of reasons for attendance in frequent attenders of emergency departments and its relationship to future attendance

2021 ◽  
pp. emermed-2020-210412
Author(s):  
Richard Hotham ◽  
Colin O'Keeffe ◽  
Tony Stone ◽  
Suzanne M Mason ◽  
Christopher Burton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Frequent Attenders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ed Visits

BackgroundEDs globally are under increasing pressure through rising demand. Frequent attenders are known to have complex health needs and use a disproportionate amount of resources. We hypothesised that heterogeneity of patients’ reason for attendance would be associated with multimorbidity and increasing age, and predict future attendance.MethodWe analysed an anonymised dataset of all ED visits over the course of 2014 in Yorkshire, UK. We identified 15 986 patients who had five or more ED encounters at any ED in the calendar year. Presenting complaint was categorised into one of 14 categories based on the Emergency Care Data Set (ECDS). We calculated measures of heterogeneity (count of ECDs categories and entropy of categories) and examined their relationship to total number of ED visits and to patient characteristics. We examined the predictive value of these and other features on future attendance.ResultsMost frequent attenders had more than one presenting complaint type. Heterogeneity increased with number of attendances, but heterogeneity adjusted for number of attendances did not vary substantially with age or sex. Heterogeneity was associated with the presence of one or more contacts for a mental health problem. For a given number of attendances, prior mental health contact but not heterogeneity was associated with further attendance.ConclusionsHeterogeneity of presenting complaint can be quantified and analysed for ED use: it is increased where there is a history of mental disorder but not with age. This suggests it reflects more than the number of medical conditions.

scholarly journals The Corporate War Dead: New Perspectives on the Demographics of American and British Contractors

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ori Swed ◽  
Jae Kwon ◽  
Bryan Feldscher ◽  
Thomas Crosbie
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Security Industry ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
History Of ◽  
War Dead ◽  
Military Activity

From an obscure sector synonymous with mercenaryism, the private military and security industry has grown to become a significant complementing instrument in military operations. This rise has brought with it a considerable attention. Researchers have examined the role of private military and security companies in international relations as well as the history of these companies, and, above all, the legal implications of their use in the place of military organizations. As research progresses, a significant gap has become clear. Only a handful of studies have addressed the complex of issues associated with contractors’ demographics and lived experience. This article sheds some light over this lacuna, examining contractors’ demographics using descriptive statistics from an original data set of American and British contractors who died in Iraq between the years 2003 and 2016. The article augments our understanding of an important population of post-Fordist-contracted workforce, those peripheral workers supplementing military activity in high-risk occupations with uncertain long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Biblioteki i księgozbiory prywatne w Mielcu doby zaborów

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Haptaś
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
The Town ◽  
Private Collections

Libraries and Private Book Collections in the Town of Mielec at the Time of the Partition of Poland: An Outline Libraries and private book collections in Mielec at the time of the partition of Poland have not been sufficiently traced and researched so far. The best known are the library of the Mielec secondary school (gimnazjum) and the private collection of the Count Oborski family. General remarks, in the scope of a few sentences at best, pertain to other school libraries and private collections. Numerous collections, some that are known by the name, such as the library of the Trinitarian convent, and some that we are not aware of, still await researchers. Currently, all old books (published before 1945) that are kept in the town of Mielec need to be cataloged in order to start the actual efforts to chart the history of the local libraries and private book collections.

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