Methods for Further Development and Examples of Practical Application

2015 ◽  
pp. 233-262
Forum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Milica Marinkovic

The author in the paper analyzes the penal system of the French Penal Code of 1810 (Code pénal de 1810), bearing in mind the influence this Code and its penal system had on the further development of French and European substantial criminal law. The fact that the Napoleonic Penal Code of 1810, with its later modifications and additions, remained in force for 184 years, speaks in favor of this. In this paper the penal system of the Code of 1810 is exhibited according to the original system of the Code. The tri‐partial division of both criminal acts and penalties was a novelty in the European criminal law. Given the fact that this was a Code promulgated 21 years after the Bourgeois revolution, the author compares the penal system of this Code to the penal system of the first revolutionary Penal code of 1791, but also with penalties that were used in the “Old regime” (Ancien régime). Based on the data published in bills and literature, the author gives a detailed analysis of all penalties contained in the Penal Code of 1810. Thereby, the key criminological problems caused by the practical application of these penalties is pointed out.


Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Aiguo Song

The pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) has been widely applied in the researches of rehabilitation robotic devices for its high power to weight ratio and intrinsic compliance in the past decade. However, the high nonlinearity and hysteresis behavior of PMA limit its practical application. Hence, the control strategy plays an important role in improving the performance of PMA for the effectiveness of rehabilitation devices. In this paper, a PMA-based knee exoskeleton based on ergonomics is proposed. Based on the designed knee exoskeleton, a novel proxy-based sliding mode control (PSMC) is introduced to obtain the accurate trajectory tracking. Compared with conventional control approaches, this new PSMC can obtain better performance for the designed PMA-based exoskeleton. Experimental results indicate good tracking performance of this controller, which provides a good foundation for the further development of assist-as-needed training strategies in gait rehabilitation.


2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-285
Author(s):  
Lina Aleknaitė

AbstractThis article examines the provisions of the 2000 Lithuanian Civil Code regarding the use of receivables for the purpose of raising finance. It starts by discussing the mechanism that the Code provides for the transfer of receivables—i.e., cession. Also, limitations on cession without debtor approval and the extent of rights that can be ceded are noted. The author then turns to the two main techniques of using receivables for financing. First, she examines the legal provisions on factoring and their practical application, as well as the structure of the industry. She presents some observations on the present structure of the industry, which precludes smaller companies from entering the market. Thereafter, she focuses on the possibilities under the Code of creating a security interest in receivables. Here, she reveals that the mechanism, although it does exist, is not a viable alternative to factoring, as it imposes additional burdens upon economic actors. Finally, the author presents her suggestions to the Lithuanian legislator, specifying the amendments that she believes should be made to the Code in order to encourage wider use of receivables financing in different ways (both by selling and by creating a security interest in receivables), as well as the further development of the industry.


Author(s):  
Oleksandr I. Zbruyev ◽  
◽  
Natalia O. Pinchukova ◽  
Vyacheslav E. Saraev ◽  
Daria Yu. Miasnikova ◽  
...  

The study is dedicated to the development of novel techniques for the synthesis and analysis of supramolecular complex of 1-methylcyclopropene and cucurbit[6]uril, with a view of further development of new agricultural products, e.g. Oberigpro and others, for fruit and vegetable treatment. Synthetic procedures were significantly improved at all stages allowing time and feedstock saving, as well as process efficacy and ecological aspect enhancement. Robust analytical procedure for 1-methylcyclopropene assaying was developed with the use of high performance liquid chromatography and chemical derivatization of 1-methylcyclopropene. Moreover, the release of the active compound from the complex was considerably increased, and high complex stability under various conditions was shown. In general, the study performed allowed making Oberigpro one of the most effective products for practical application among the existing analogs, and paved the way for further development of new agricultural products with controlled action.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgita Bruneckiene ◽  
Irena Pekarskiene ◽  
Oksana Palekiene ◽  
Zaneta Simanaviciene

Various socio-economic systems (countries, regions, or cities) and their economies suffer different kinds of economic shocks. If the system is not resilient, its economy can incur losses. Only the systems whose economies are less vulnerable and/or are able to recover from the economic shock quite quickly are able to ensure economic sustainability, competitiveness, and welfare both now and in the future. The concepts of socio-economic systems’ resilience to economic shocks, vulnerability, and recovery, as well as the resilience assessment peculiarities, are all analyzed in this article. The methodology introduced for the assessment of a socio-economic system’s resilience to economic shocks consists of two parts: a model of a system’s resilience to the economic shock’s capacity-related factors (Resilio) and an index of a socio-economic system’s resilience to the economic shocks (Resindicis). The Resilio model could be used as a universal methodological framework for analyzing the resilience of socio-economic systems of different levels (countries, regions, or cities). The set of quantitative indicators compiling Resindicis should be adjusted to the specifics of each socio-economic system and the availability of statistical data. Empirically, the methodology was validated on the example of 10 Lithuanian regions (counties). The methodological principles for the assessment of a socio-economic system’s resilience are also provided. The main advantages and drawbacks of the methodology are discussed in order for further development and an increase in its practical application.


10.12737/4867 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
Виталий Чулков ◽  
Vitaliy Chulkov ◽  
Николай Комаров ◽  
Nikolay Komarov ◽  
Исраиль Левин ◽  
...  

Modeling of functioning of systems in infographics allows to consider ojects under investigation at different levels of their complexity, with an important aspect being the qualimetrical assessment of quality of functioning of various systems. Multidimensional scaling found reflection in use of single-layer and multilayered polar systems of coordinates. The composite model displays the dynamics of change of local conditions of process of convergence of norms at the end of each previous phase of process. Examples of practical application of infographic models by producers of vodka products and models for an assessment of parameters of sewage treatment in housing and communal services are reviewed. Similar models gained further development as instruments of management of competitiveness thanks to the development of special software which allows to automate the process of their construction and the analysis of dynamics of occurring changes of controlled parameters.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-296
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bekus

On the basis of the analysis of the source literature, the article tackled the subject of Augmented Reality as a modern marketing tool. To begin with, the presumptions were diagnosed which constitute the proof of the increasing significance of this technology. Then it Was defined what Augmented Reality is, as well as its functionality Was presented. In the further part of the text, the selected examples of the practical application of AR, as well as their usage in marketing activity, were provided. Moreover, a case study Was presented in which the application of Mobile Augmented Reality Systems (MARS) Was discussed in a broader way on the example of mobile applications. The article concludes with a vision of the further development of Augmented Reality in the marketing aspect


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Druzhilovskaya ◽  
E. S. Druzhilovskaya

In the light of the recently adopted new Russian and international standards in accounting and tax accounting, significant changes in the regulation of lease accounting have been made. Unfortunately, the newly adopted rules are not always ideal in terms of their practical application. The article is devoted to a critical analysis of the regulations of the international standard IFRS (IFRS) 16 “Lease” and the Russian standard FSBU25/2018 “Lease Accounting.” The methodological basis of the study includes a critical analysis of the new requirements for accounting for lease transactions in the systems of Russian and international standards in terms of their validity, logic and completeness. The result of the study is the justification of the presence of both positive and problematic aspects in the innovations introduced in the regulation of accounting for leases in IFRS16 and in the Russian standard FSBU25/2018. Recommendations have been made to address the problematic issues of lease accounting and reporting information. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results in the preparation of new and improved existing accounting regulations in the process of its further development at the national and international levels.


Author(s):  
Olga Chertovskikh ◽  
Matvey Chertovskikh

The article focuses on the issue of introduction of AI technology into the modern journalism. The topic proves to be of relevant importance as both mass media and press services reveal their direct dependence on the technological development level of the human society. It means that any new relevant technology can change the whole system. The objective of the article is to research the issue of Artificial Intelligence introduction into the modern journalism. The authors consider the history of the “smart machines” creation. Furthermore, they describe the current situation in the sphere of journalism, bring some specific examples of the existing and the projected systems and highlight the areas of possible practical application and the development prospects. They also obtain information on the main principles of the operation, the algorithms, the goals and the capabilities of the machines. In addition, the authors consider the advantages and the risks of this state-of-the-art technology, analyze the cultural and the psychological aspects of its mass introduction, make predictions concerning the prospects for the further development of this sphere, consider different scenarios of its development and identify the challenges and the advantages for the profession of a journalist. In conclusion, the authors state that despite the fact that AI in journalism is a mass phenomenon, all the projects of the introduction of Artificial Intelligence are not currently posing a direct threat to the profession. However, the fact that the mass media of different countries are starting to actively apply AI in journalism, emphasizes the relevance and the importance of further research in this sphere.


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