Phytogeography of pteridophytes on limestone areas in Guangdong, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
FA-GUO WANG ◽  
AI-HUA WANG ◽  
RONG-RONG HE ◽  
DONG-MEI YANG ◽  
CHUN-MEI HE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Southern China ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Plant Geography ◽  
Tropical Asia

Guangdong Province, located in southern China, is of great interest in studies of plant geography and conservation in limestone areas because of its rich biodiversity. We: (1) performed a phytogeographical analysis of pteridophytes in the limestone areas in Guangdong, (2) evaluated and determined levels of endemism, and (3) identified affinities with the floras of neighboring limestone areas. We found that some families show a preference for limestone habitats, e.g., Hypodematiaceae, Lygodiaceae, and Adiantaceae, are typical elements among pteridophytes in the limestone regions of Guangdong. In addition, some genera or section, such as Hypodematium, and Polystichum sect. Cyrtogonellum, show an exclusive preference for limestone habitats. The predominant phytogeographical affinities identified were East Asia, Chinese endemic, and Tropical Asia. We concluded that: (1) the limestone fern flora of Guangdong is principally subtropical in nature and represents southern subtropical flora at the margins of the northern tropics, with a strong interaction with the East Asian flora, (2) the limestone fern flora of Guangdong has a phytogeographical affinity with Japan, though the floras of neighboring Guangxi and Hainan Provinces have higher similarity with it.

Coupling of South and East Asian Monsoon Precipitation in July–August*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 4330-4356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse A. Day ◽  
Inez Fung ◽  
Camille Risi
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Southern China ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Monsoon Circulation ◽  
Yunnan Plateau

Abstract The concept of the “Asian monsoon” masks the existence of two separate summer rainfall régimes: convective storms over India, Bangladesh, and Nepal (the South Asian monsoon) and frontal rainfall over China, Japan, and the Korean Peninsula (the East Asian monsoon). In addition, the Himalayas and other orography, including the Arakan Mountains, Ghats, and Yunnan Plateau, create smaller precipitation domains with abrupt boundaries. A mode of continental precipitation variability is identified that spans both South and East Asia during July and August. Point-to-point correlations and EOF analysis with Asian Precipitation–Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Toward Evaluation of the Water Resources (APHRODITE), a 57-yr rain gauge record, show that a dipole between the Himalayan foothills (+) and the “monsoon zone” (central India, −) dominates July–August interannual variability in South Asia, and is also associated in East Asia with a tripole between the Yangtze corridor (+) and northern and southern China (−). July–August storm tracks, as shown by lag–lead correlation of rainfall, remain mostly constant between years and do not explain this mode. Instead, it is proposed that interannual change in the strength of moisture transport from the Bay of Bengal to the Yangtze corridor across the northern Yunnan Plateau induces widespread precipitation anomalies. Abundant moisture transport along this route requires both cyclonic monsoon circulation over India and a sufficiently warm Bay of Bengal, which coincide only in July and August. Preliminary results from the LMDZ version 5 (LMDZ5) model, run with a zoomed grid over Asia and circulation nudged toward the ECMWF reanalysis, support this hypothesis. Improved understanding of this coupling may help to project twenty-first-century precipitation changes in East and South Asia, home to over three billion people.

scholarly journals Migratory songbirds in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway: a review from a conservation perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
DING LI YONG ◽  
YANG LIU ◽  
BING WEN LOW ◽  
CARMELA P. ESPAÑOLA ◽  
CHANG-YONG CHOI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Southern China ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Migratory Songbirds

SummaryThe East Asian-Australasian Flyway supports the greatest diversity and populations of migratory birds globally, as well as the highest number of threatened migratory species of any flyway, including passerines (15 species). However it is also one of the most poorly understood migration systems, and little is known about the populations and ecology of the passerine migrants that breed, stop over and winter in the habitats along this flyway. We provide the first flyway-wide review of diversity, ecology, and conservation issues relating to 170 species of long-distance and over 80 short-distance migrants from 32 families. Recent studies of songbird migration movements and ecology is limited, and is skewed towards East Asia, particularly Mainland China, Taiwan, Russia, Japan and South Korea. Strong evidence of declines exists for some species, e.g. Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola, but tends to be fragmentary, localised or anecdotal for many others. More species have small breeding ranges (< 250,000 km2) and/or are dependent on tropical forests as wintering habitat than those in any other Eurasian migratory system, and are thus more vulnerable to habitat loss and degradation throughout their ranges. Poorly regulated hunting for food and the pet trade, invasive species and collisions with man-made structures further threaten migratory songbirds at a number of stop-over or wintering sites, while climate change and habitat loss may be of increasing concern in the breeding ranges. A key conservation priority is to carry out intensive field surveys across the region while simultaneously tapping into citizen science datasets, to identify important stop-over and wintering sites, particularly for poorly-known or globally threatened species across South-East Asia and southern China for targeted conservation actions. Additionally, the advent of miniaturised tracking technology, molecular and isotopic techniques can provide novel insights into migration connectivity, paths and ecology for species in this migration system, complementing data from banding exercises and observation-based surveys, and could prove useful in informing conservation priorities. However, until most states along the East Asian-Australasian flyway ratify the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and other cross-boundary treaties, the relative lack of cross-boundary cooperation, coordination and information sharing in the region will continue to present a stumbling block for effective conservation of migratory passerines.

Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. eaba0909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda A. Yang ◽  
Xuechun Fan ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
Chungyu Chen ◽  
Jianfeng Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Southern China ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
China Mainland ◽  
East Asian Ancestry

Human genetic history in East Asia is poorly understood. To clarify population relationships, we obtained genome wide data from 26 ancient individuals from northern and southern East Asia spanning 9,500-300 years ago. Genetic differentiation was higher in the past than the present, reflecting a major episode of admixture involving northern East Asian ancestry spreading across southern East Asia after the Neolithic, transforming the genetic ancestry of southern China. Mainland southern East Asian and Taiwan Strait island samples from the Neolithic show clear connections with modern and ancient samples with Austronesian-related ancestry, supporting a southern China origin for proto-Austronesians. Connections among Neolithic coastal groups from Siberia and Japan to Vietnam indicate that migration and gene flow played an important role in the prehistory of coastal Asia.

Interaction between the Black Carbon Aerosol Warming Effect and East Asian Monsoon Using RegCM4

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (22) ◽  
pp. 9367-9388 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Zhuang ◽  
S. Li ◽  
T. J. Wang ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
H. M. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Black Carbon Aerosol

AbstractBlack carbon aerosol (BC) has a significant influence on regional climate changes because of its warming effect. Such changes will feed back to BC loadings. Here, the interactions between the BC warming effect and the East Asian monsoon (EAM) in both winter (EAWM) and summer (EASM) are investigated using a regional climate model, RegCM4, that essentially captures the EAM features and the BC variations in China. The seasonal mean BC optical depth is 0.021 over East Asia during winter, which is 10.5% higher than that during summer. Nevertheless, the BC direct radiative forcing is 32% stronger during summer (+1.85 W m−2). The BC direct effect would induce lower air to warm by 0.11–0.12 K, which causes a meridional circulation anomaly associated with a cyclone at 20°–30°N and southerly anomalies at 850 hPa over East Asia. Consequently, the EAM circulation is weakened during winter but enhanced during summer. Precipitation is likely increased, especially in southern China during summer (by 3.73%). Relative to BC changes that result from EAM interannual variations, BC changes from its warming effect are as important but are weaker. BC surface concentrations are decreased by 1%–3% during both winter and summer, whereas the columnar BC is increased in south China during winter. During the strongest monsoon years, the BC loadings are higher at lower latitudes than those during the weakest years, resulting in more southerly meridional circulation anomalies and BC feedbacks during both winter and summer. However, the interactions between the BC warming effect and EAWM/EASM are more intense during the weakest monsoon years.

scholarly journals Recent Winter Precipitation Changes over Eastern China in Different Warming Periods and the Associated East Asian Jets and Oceanic Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 4443-4462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danqing Huang ◽  
Aiguo Dai ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
Yaocun Zhang ◽  
Xueyuan Kuang
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Southern China ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
The South ◽  
East Asian Trough ◽  
Siberian High

Global-mean surface temperature has experienced fast warming during 1985–98 but stabilized during 1999–2013, especially in boreal winter. Climate changes over East Asia between the two warming periods and the associated mechanisms have not been fully understood. Analyses of observation and reanalysis data show that winter precipitation has decreased (increased) over southern (northeastern) China from 1985–98 to 1999–2013. Winds at 300 hPa over East Asia strengthened during 1999–2013 around 30°–47.5°N but weakened to the north and south of it. This change pattern caused the East Asian polar front jet (EAPJ) and the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) to shift, respectively, equatorward and poleward during 1999–2013. Associated with these jet displacements, the Siberian high enhanced and the East Asian trough shifted westward. The enhanced Siberian high strengthened the East Asian winter monsoon and weakened southwesterly winds over the South China Sea, leading to precipitation decreases over southern China. The westward shift of the East Asian trough enhanced convergence and precipitation over northeastern China. A combination of a negative phase of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation and a positive phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation during 1999–2013 resulted in significant tropospheric warming over the low and high latitudes and cooling over the midlatitudes of East Asia. These changes enhanced the meridional temperature gradient and thus westerlies over the region between the two jets but weakened them to the south and north of it, thereby contributing to the wind change patterns and the jet displacements.

The Ecology of Tropical East Asia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Southern China ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Terrestrial Ecology ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
The Tropics

Tropical East Asia is home to over 1 billion people and faces massive human impacts from its rising population and rapid economic growth. It has already lost more than half of its forest cover and has the highest rates of deforestation and logging in the tropics. Hunting and the trade in wildlife products threaten all its large and many smaller vertebrates. Despite these problems, the region still supports an estimated 15–25 per cent of global terrestrial biodiversity and is thus a key focus for global conservation. This book therefore deals with plants, animals, and the ecosystems they inhabit, as well as the diverse threats to their survival and the options for their conservation. It provides the background knowledge of the region’s ecology needed by both specialists and non-specialists to put their own work into a broader context. The first edition was the first book to describe the terrestrial ecology of the entire East Asian tropics and subtropics, from southern China to western Indonesia, and the second edition extended the coverage to include the very similar ecosystems of Northeast India, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. The third edition updates the contents and gives more prominence to Anthropocene impacts and possible conservation responses. The accessible style, comprehensive coverage, and engaging illustrations make this advanced textbook an essential read for senior undergraduate and graduate-level students studying the terrestrial ecology of the East Asian tropics, as well as an authoritative reference for professional ecologists, conservationists, and interested amateurs worldwide.

The Colonial Documentary Film in South and South-East Asia

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
East Asian ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Understanding

Writing from a wide range of historical perspectives, contributors to the anthology shed new light on historical, theoretical and empirical issues pertaining to the documentary film, in order to better comprehend the significant transformations of the form in colonial, late colonial and immediate post-colonial and postcolonial times in South and South-East Asia. In doing so, this anthology addresses an important gap in the global understanding of documentary discourses, practices, uses and styles. Based upon in-depth essays written by international authorities in the field and cutting-edge doctoral projects, this anthology is the first to encompass different periods, national contexts, subject matter and style in order to address important and also relatively little-known issues in colonial documentary film in the South and South-East Asian regions. This anthology is divided into three main thematic sections, each of which crosses national or geographical boundaries. The first section addresses issues of colonialism, late colonialism and independence. The second section looks at the use of the documentary film by missionaries and Christian evangelists, whilst the third explores the relation between documentary film, nationalism and representation.

Characteristics of Asian Mosquito Saliva Allergens for Specific Diagnoses and Effective Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soung-Hoo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Recombinant Allergens ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mosquito Saliva ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Future Direction

An allergic reaction to mosquitoes can result in severe or abnormal local or systemic reactions such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, and general urticarial or wheezing. The aim of this review is to provide information on mosquito saliva allergens that can support the production of highly specific recombinant saliva allergens. In particular, candidate allergens of mosquitoes that are well suited to the ecology of mosquitoes that occur mainly in East Asia will be identified and introduced. By doing so, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe sensitivity to mosquito allergy will be improved by predicting the characteristics of East Asian mosquito allergy, presenting the future direction of production of recombinant allergens, and understanding the difference between East and West.

The Developmental Trading State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
East Asia ◽  
National Economy ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The State ◽  
State Model ◽  
Principal Function ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The Way

This chapter demonstrates that the downwards pressure that state consolidation placed on mass violence was amplified by the type of state that emerged. Across East Asia, governments came to define themselves as “developmental” or “trading” states whose principal purpose was to grow the national economy and thereby improve the economic wellbeing of their citizens. Governments with different ideologies came to embrace economic growth and growing the prosperity of their populations as the principal function of the state and its core source of legitimacy. Despite some significant glitches along the way the adoption of the developmental trading state model has proven successful. Not only have East Asian governments succeeded in lifting hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, the practices and policy orientations dictated by this model helped shift governments and societies away from belligerent practices towards postures that prioritized peace and stability. This reinforced the trend towards greater peacefulness.

East Asian Exceptionalism to Western Populism and Migration Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 196-210
Author(s):  
John Lie
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
And Migration

In the 2010s, the world is seemingly awash with waves of populism and anti-immigration movements. Yet virtually all discussions, owing to the prevailing Eurocentric perspective, bypass East Asia (more accurately, Northeast Asia) and the absence of strong populist or anti-immigration discourses or politics. This chapter presents a comparative and historical account of East Asian exceptionalism in the matter of migration crisis, especially given the West’s embrace of an insider-outsider dichotomy superseding the class- and nation-based divisions of the post–World War II era. The chapter also discusses some nascent articulations of Western-style populist discourses in Northeast Asia, and concludes with the potential for migration crisis in the region.

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