The mesostigmatid mite (Acari: Parasitiformes) fauna of Svalbard: a revised inventory of a high Arctic archipelago

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3091 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA LUISA ÁVILA-JIMÉNEZ ◽  
DARIUSZ J. GWIAZDOWICZ ◽  
STEPHEN JAMES COULSON
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Island Group ◽  
Slide Material

The need for comprehensive studies of the invertebrate fauna in the high Arctic is increasingly acknowledged in order to more fully understand ecosystem functioning, resilience and to project future changes in the biodiversity and species ranges. Information on the mesostigmatid fauna in the high Arctic is scarce and scattered. Large regions of the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, including most of the areas in the east of the island group, have never been surveyed for the mesostigmatid fauna. Furthermore, most of the current knowledge on the mesostigmatid fauna of this important region in the European high Arctic originates from studies in the early 20 th century. Much of the associated slide material no longer exists, either being mislaid or deliberately destroyed, resulting in an ambiguous and potentially misleading mesostigmatid fauna checklist in which identifications and potential synonyms cannot be reliably assessed. Determination of fresh material sampled between 2007–2010 may be an ideal procedure to resolve the great number of uncertainties about the mesostigmatid fauna of the Svalbard archipelago. Twelve out of the 27 species recorded from the Svalbard archipelago were found in the new samples collected from a large number of localities and microhabitats. No new species were identified in the current campaign, and most of the non-observed species are considered to be past missidentifications or potential synonyms. Combining this study with recent publications provides a total mesostigmatid mite diversity for Svalbard of 22 species. This represents the most accurate checklist of the mesostigmatid mite fauna of the archipelago to date.

The terrestrial invertebrate fauna of the Svalbard archipelago in a changing world: history of research and challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen James Coulson
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrate ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe High Arctic represents a unique environment, an environment from where knowledge is limited and which is currently experiencing rapid change. The archipelago of Svalbard in the European High Arctic possesses a terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate fauna that is distinctive and diverse. However, the majority of studies concentrate on the fauna of the comparatively mild west coast. Very few investigations of the colder east coast exist. Furthermore, scientific investigations are relatively recent. Scientific records of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna begin in the mid-19th century with species inventories and community descriptions but experimental field-based studies and physiological investigations did not commence until the 1980s. Some 570 articles consider this fauna, 54% of which have appeared since 1990. There is hence a dramatic and rapid increase in our understanding, which is not only improving our comprehension of Arctic ecosystem functioning but also providing a baseline for environmental change studies. Due to a largely pristine environment, a political focus and relative ease of logistics, Svalbard is set to become a focus of such studies. This article considers the state of knowledge of the terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate fauna of Svalbard, current research, and discusses the threats to the distinctive communities.

scholarly journals Effects of Arctic Warming on Microbes and Methane in Different Land Types in Svalbard

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3296
Author(s):  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Shaofeng Pei ◽  
Liyang Zhan ◽  
Wangwang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Climate And Environmental Change ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Irreversible Effects ◽  
Land Types

Climate change is having a profound impact on Arctic microbiomes and their living environments. However, we have only incomplete knowledge about the seasonal and inter-annual variations observed among these microbes and about their methane regulation mechanisms with respect to glaciers, glacial melting, snow lakes and coastal marine water. This gap in our knowledge limits our understanding of the linkages between climate and environmental change. In the Arctic, there are large reservoirs of methane which are sensitive to temperature changes. If global warming intensifies, larger quantities of methane stored in deep soil and sediments will be released into the atmosphere, causing irreversible effects on the global ecosystem. Methane production is mainly mediated by microorganisms. Although we have some knowledge of microbial community structure, we know less about the methane-correlated microbes in different land types in the Svalbard archipelago, and we do not have a comprehensive grasp of the relationship between them. That is the main reason we have written this paper, in which current knowledge of microorganisms and methane-correlated types in High Arctic Svalbard is described. The problems that need to be addressed in the future are also identified.

scholarly journals On the oribatid and mesostigmatid mites (Acari) of the High Arctic island of Hopen

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Coulson ◽  
Heinrich Schatz ◽  
Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz ◽  
Torstein Solhøy
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
The North ◽  
Limited Sampling ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
Museums And Collections ◽  
Northern Russia

AbstractThe archipelago of Svalbard in the European High Arctic lies on the convergence of the Palaearctic and Nearctic flora and fauna and contains elements of both regions. The island of Hopen is located in the south east of the archipelago within the path of the cold south−westerly flowing East Svalbard Current originating in the Arctic ocean and flowing along the north Russian coast. This current is postulated as a colonization route of the invertebrate fauna of Svalbard. Few reports of the terrestrial invertebrates of Hopen exist and none of the mite suborders Oribatida or Mesostigmata. With the taxonomic confusion existing in the inventories of this important region of the Arctic, new sampling campaigns with species identified by modern taxonomic principles and with material deposited in accessible museums and collections are essential. Identified mites included six species of oribatid mites with Diapterobates notatus dominating, and five species of Mesostigmata with Zercon forsslundi forming the dominant species. None of the species collected was a new record for Svalbard and all have wide circumpolar, Palaearctic or Holarctic distributions. Dispersal to Svalbard from northern Russia is hence neither supported nor rejected. The expected oribatid and mesostigmatid diversity of the island is greater than observed from the limited sampling described here.

scholarly journals Cancer of Unknown Primary: Challenges and Progress in Clinical Management

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Noemi Laprovitera ◽  
Mattia Riefolo ◽  
Elisa Ambrosini ◽  
Christiane Klec ◽  
Martin Pichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Cancer Of Unknown Primary ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Tissue Of Origin ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Behavior

Distant metastases are the main cause of cancer-related deaths in patients with advanced tumors. A standard diagnostic workup usually contains the identification of the tissue-of-origin of metastatic tumors, although under certain circumstances, it remains elusive. This disease setting is defined as cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Accounting for approximately 3–5% of all cancer diagnoses, CUPs are characterized by an aggressive clinical behavior and represent a real therapeutic challenge. The lack of determination of a tissue of origin precludes CUP patients from specific evidence-based therapeutic options or access to clinical trial, which significantly impacts their life expectancy. In the era of precision medicine, it is essential to characterize CUP molecular features, including the expression profile of non-coding RNAs, to improve our understanding of CUP biology and identify novel therapeutic strategies. This review article sheds light on this enigmatic disease by summarizing the current knowledge on CUPs focusing on recent discoveries and emerging diagnostic strategies.

scholarly journals Identification and phenotypic plasticity of Pseudanabaena catenata from the Svalbard archipelago

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Khan ◽  
Wan Maznah Wan Omar ◽  
Faradina Merican Mohd Sidik Merican ◽  
Asmimie Asmawarnie Azizan ◽  
Choon Pin Foong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Cell Dimensions

Abstract A filamentous benthic cyanobacteria, strain USMAC16, was isolated from the High Arctic Svalbard archipelago, Norway, and a combination of morphological, ultrastructural and molecular characterisation (16S rRNA gene sequence) used to identify to species level. Cell dimensions, thylakoid arrangement and apical cell shape are consistent with the Pseudanabaena genus description. The molecular characterisation of P. catenata gave 100% similarity with Pseudanabaena catenata SAG 1464-1, originally reported from Germany. Strain USMAC16 was cultured under a range of temperature and photoperiod conditions, in solid and liquid media, and harvested at exponential phase to examine its phenotypic plasticity. Under different culture conditions, we observed considerable variations in cell dimensions. The longest cell (5.91±0.13 μm) was observed at 15°C under 12:12 light:dark, and the widest cell (3.24±0.06 μm) at 4°C under 12:12 light: dark in liquid media. The study provides baseline data documenting the morphological variation of P. catenata in response to changing temperature regimes.

Variation in the respiratory quotient of birds and implications for indirect calorimetry using measurements of carbon dioxide production

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Walsberg ◽  
B Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Accurate Estimation

Determination of animal power consumption by indirect calorimetry relies upon accurate estimation of the thermal equivalent of oxygen consumed or carbon dioxide produced. This estimate is typically based upon measurement or assumption of the respiratory quotient (RQ), the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed. This ratio is used to indicate the mixture of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the metabolic substrate. In this analysis, we report the RQ for two bird species, Passer domesticus and Auriparus flaviceps, under several dietary and fasting regimes. RQ commonly differed substantially from those typically assumed in studies of energy metabolism and often included values below those explainable by current knowledge. Errors that could result from these unexpected RQ values can be large and could present the primary limit to the accuracy of power consumption estimates based upon measurement of carbon dioxide production.

scholarly journals THE DETERMINATION OF FINANCIAL STRUCTURE IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING INDUSTRY IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-78
Author(s):  
Petra Růčková ◽  
Nicole Škuláňová
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Inflation Rates

Every economic sector, every single industry, every economy, and even every firm has its specific financial structure. Given that it is not possible to examine thousands of individual companies for scientific purposes, it is necessary to at least examine the differences between individual sectors, industries and countries. At the same time, the formation and optimization of the financial structure is influenced by a myriad of diverse factors that financial managers should take into account in their decisions. Thanks to these facts, more and more researches had been created for over half a century. This research expands knowledge in seven selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe – the Visegrád Group, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Romania. The aim of the research is to evaluate, based on the Generalized Method of Moments, the relationship between the six selected factors and the indebtedness level in companies belonging to the agricultural, forestry and fishing industry. The subject of the research is medium, large and very large companies during the years 2009 to 2016. The research deals with the influence of profitability, liquidity, asset structure, economic development, inflation and interest rates on the total, long-term and short-term indebtedness of companies. The main finding of the research is that companies are influenced by both internal and external determinants. However, even though the industry should be neutral, external determinants – GDP growth rates, inflation rates and interest rates – have a more significant impact on the debt level. The results of this research will not only extend current knowledge in the field of corporate finance, but at the same time, the results may be stimulating in setting support rules for public administration and even European institutions, as the selected industry is strongly linked to subsidy policies.

Number of rational points of elliptic curves

2021 ◽  
pp. 2250017
Author(s):  
Viliam Ďuriš ◽  
Timotej Šumný
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Elliptic Curves ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
American Mathematical Society ◽  
Rational Points ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Weil Theorem ◽  
A Finite Group

In the modern theory of elliptic curves, one of the important problems is the determination of the number of rational points on an elliptic curve. The Mordel–Weil theorem [T. Shioda, On the Mordell–Weil lattices, Comment. Math. University St. Paul. 39(2) (1990) 211–240] points out that the elliptic curve defined above the rational points is generated by a finite group. Despite the knowledge that an elliptic curve has a final number of rational points, it is still difficult to determine their number and the way how to determine them. The greatest progress was achieved by Birch and Swinnerton–Dyer conjecture, which was included in the Millennium Prize Problems [A. Wiles, The Birch and Swinnerton–Dyer conjecture, The Millennium Prize Problems (American Mathematical Society, 2006), pp. 31–44]. This conjecture uses methods of the analytical theory of numbers, while the current knowledge corresponds to the assumptions of the conjecture but has not been proven to date. In this paper, we focus on using a tangent line and the osculating circle for characterizing the rational points of the elliptical curve, which is the greatest benefit of the contribution. We use a different view of elliptic curves by using Minkowki’s theory of number geometry [H. F. Blichfeldt, A new principle in the geometry of numbers, with some applications, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 15(3) (1914) 227–235; V. S. Miller, Use of elliptic curves in cryptography, in Proc. Advances in Cryptology — CRYPTO ’85, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 218 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1985), pp. 417–426; E. Bombieri and W. Gubler, Heights in Diophantine Geometry, Vol. 670, 1st edn. (Cambridge University Press, 2007)].

Lower Cretaceous Barents Sea strata: epicontinental basin configuration, timing, correlation and depositional dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar Midtkandal ◽  
Jan Inge Faleide ◽  
Thea Sveva Faleide ◽  
Christopher Sæbø Serck ◽  
Sverre Planke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Source Area ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Architectural Patterns

AbstractA comprehensive dataset is collated in a study on sediment transport, timing and basin physiography during the Early Cretaceous Period in the Boreal Basin (Barents Sea), one of the world’s largest and longest active epicontinental basins. Long-wavelength tectonic tilt related to the Early Cretaceous High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) set up a fluvial system that developed from a sediment source area in the NW, which flowed SE across the Svalbard archipelago, terminating in a low-accommodation shallow sea within the Bjarmeland Platform area of the present-day Barents Sea. The basin deepened to the SE with a ramp-like basin floor with gentle dip. Seismic data show sedimentary lobes with internal clinoform geometry that advanced from the NW. These lobes interfingered with, and were overlain by, another younger depositional system with similar lobes sourced from the NE. The integrated data allow mapping of architectural patterns that provide information on basin physiography and control factors on source-to-sink transport and depositional patterns within the giant epicontinental basin. The results highlight how low-gradient, low-accommodation sediment transport and deposition has taken place along proximal to distal profiles for several hundred kilometres, in response to subtle changes in base level and by intra-basinal highs and troughs. Long-distance correlation along depositional dip is therefore possible, but should be treated with caution to avoid misidentification of timelines for diachronous surfaces.

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