Investigating the Impact of Income, Belief and Culture on Road Safety

An accurate estimation of exposure is essential for road collision rate estimation, which is key when evaluating the impact of road safety measures. The quasi-induced exposure method was developed to estimate relative exposure for different driver groups based on its main hypothesis: the not-at-fault drivers involved in two-vehicle collisions are taken as a random sample of driver populations. Liability assignment is thus crucial in this method to identify not-at-fault drivers, but often no liability labels are given in collision records, so unsupervised analysis tools are required. To date, most researchers consider only driver and speed offences in liability assignment, but an open question is if more information could be added. To this end, in this paper, the visual clustering technique of self-organizing maps (SOM) has been applied to better understand the multivariate structure in the data, to find out the most important variables for driver liability, analyzing their influence, and to identify relevant liability patterns. The results show that alcohol/drug use could be influential on liability and further analysis is required for disability and sudden illness. More information has been used, given that a larger proportion of the data was considered. SOM thus appears as a promising tool for liability assessment.

Download Full-text

An IoT Architecture for Assessing Road Safety in Smart Cities

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1155/2018/8214989 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abd-Elhamid M. Taha

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Markov Models ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Dynamic Assessment ◽

Route Planning ◽

Cost Effective ◽

World Health ◽

Road Users ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

The Safe System (SS) approach to road safety emphasizes safety-by-design through ensuring safe vehicles, road networks, and road users. With a strong motivation from the World Health Organization (WHO), this approach is increasingly adopted worldwide. Considerations in SS, however, are made for the medium-to-long term. Our interest in this work is to complement the approach with a short-to-medium term dynamic assessment of road safety. Toward this end, we introduce a novel, cost-effective Internet of Things (IoT) architecture that facilitates the realization of a robust and dynamic computational core in assessing the safety of a road network and its elements. In doing so, we introduce a new, meaningful, and scalable metric for assessing road safety. We also showcase the use of machine learning in the design of the metric computation core through a novel application of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Finally, the impact of the proposed architecture is demonstrated through an application to safety-based route planning.

Download Full-text

A Novel Approach in Evaluating the Impact of Vehicle Age on Road Safety

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation ◽

10.7307/ptt.v32i6.3441 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 789-796

Author(s):

Árpád Török

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Road Safety ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Road Accident ◽

Road Segment ◽

Novel Approach ◽

The Impact

This study examines the correlation between road accident casualties and the age of the vehicle, assuming that the age of vehicles and the improvements in their safety designs are related. The study evaluates the impact of the interrelationship between road segment characteristics and road accident type on vehicle age at the time of the accident (AVC). To analyse the nested relationship between these variables, a multinomial logistic regression (MML) model has been developed. The result of the analysis also duly finds that vehicle age has an emphatic role in the occurrence of accidents.

Download Full-text

Safety and reliability of the personal bus carriages in integrated municipal system of traffic and public transport management - analysis of literature

AUTOBUSY – Technika Eksploatacja Systemy Transportowe ◽

10.24136/atest.2018.392 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 246-251

Author(s):

Paweł Woś ◽

Jacek Michalski

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Road Safety ◽

Road Transport ◽

The European Union ◽

Road Accidents ◽

Safety And Reliability ◽

Key Indicators ◽

The Impact ◽

The City ◽

The Eu

The article analyzes the city's logistics development strategies and its public transport, especially bus traffic. Statistical analysis of all road transport in the European Union (EU) has been carried out. The most important reasons for the tragic road accidents in Poland have been mixed up. Key elements of active safety and passive safety of buses and road safety were analyzed. Characterized key indicators of road safety in the EU and the probability of bus incidents. The impact on the ecology of the city of road transport was analyzed in terms of the significance of exhaust emissions of various bus designs and emissions of other pollutants.

Download Full-text

AN EVALUATION OF AIRPORT WAYFINDING AND SIGNAGE ON SENIOR DRIVER BEHAVIOUR AND SAFETY OF AIRPORT ROAD ACCESS DESIGN

Journal of Air Transport Studies ◽

10.38008/jats.v8i1.43 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 108-129

Author(s):

Nur Khairiel Anuar ◽

Romano Pagliari ◽

Richard Moxon

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Age Groups ◽

Driver Behaviour ◽

Driving Behaviour ◽

Road Design ◽

Driver Performance ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact ◽

Car Driving

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different wayfinding provision on senior driving behaviour and road safety. A car driving simulator was used to model scenarios of differing wayfinding complexity and road design. Three scenario types were designed consisting of 3.8 miles of airport road. Wayfinding complexity varied due to differing levels of road-side furniture. Experienced car drivers were asked to drive simulated routes. Forty drivers in the age ranges: 50 to 54, 55 to 59 and those aged over 60 were selected to perform the study. Participants drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The driver performance was compared between age groups. Results were analysed by Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA Test, and discussed with reference to the use of the driving simulator. The ANOVA confirmed that age group has a correlation between road design complexity, driving behaviour and driving errors.

Download Full-text

Pedestrian Mortality Trends In Children Over Four Decades In Transitional Lithuania

Sveikatos mokslai ◽

10.5200/sm-hs.2016.065 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Birutė Strukčinskienė ◽

Robert Bauer ◽

Sigitas Griškonis ◽

Vaiva Strukčinskaitė

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Young People ◽

Road Safety ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Road Users ◽

The Impact

The aim of the study was to examine the long-term trends in pedestrian mortality for children (aged 0 to 14 years) and young people (aged 15 to 19 years) over four decades in transitional Lithuania. Methods. Road traffic fatality data were obtained from Statistics Lithuania and the Archives of Health Information Centre. Trends were analysed by linear regression using “Independence” as a slopechanging intervention in 1991 and population as a further explanatory factor in structural time series models. Results. The impact of the interventions, along with the reforms and changes related with the Independence, on pedestrian fatality trends in our time series model was found highly statistically significant for children 0 to 14 years (p<0.001) and still significant for young people 15 to 19 years (p<0.05). No significant impact on the trend of road traffic deaths was found for the “control-groups” of non-pedestrian road users in the age group 0 to 14 years and adult pedestrians (over 19 years of age). For the age group 15 to 19 years the effect of reforms was also significant for non-pedestrians (p<0.05). These results indicate that the effect of measures and changes used in the post-independence period was more specific in children that participated in road traffic as pedestrians than in adult pedestrians, or in nonpedestrian road users. Conclusions. Pedestrian deaths in Lithuania fell significantly in the age groups 0-14 and 15-19 years. A declining trend was found in road traffic fatalities and in pedestrian deaths in transitional Lithuania in the post-independence period. Socioeconomic and political transformations, systematic reforms in healthcare along with sustainable preventive measures may have contributed to this decrease. Targeted road safety measures were road traffic regulations, pedestrian education and environmentally based prevention measures. As child pedestrians are the most vulnerable group of road users, continued road safety education and promotion are recommended in order to maintain this trend, and to involve adult pedestrians in this development.

Download Full-text

THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN LIGHT LEVEL ON THE NUMBERS OF CYCLISTS

10.25039/x48.2021.po63 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Uttley ◽

S. Fotios ◽

C.J. Robbins ◽

C. Moscoso

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variations ◽

Road Safety ◽

Control Method ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Light Level ◽

Case Control ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Road Lighting ◽

The Impact

Cycling has a range of benefits and should be encouraged, but darkness may put people off from cycling due to reductions in visibility, road safety and personal security. We summarise analyses of observational data to confirm the negative impact darkness has on cycling rates. Using a Case / Control method that accounts for confounding factors such as time of day and seasonal variations in weather, we demonstrate a consistent effect of darkness across different locations and countries. The size of this effect varies though, suggesting certain unknown factors may be important in mediating the impact of darkness on cycling rates. One factor that is known to mediate the effect is road lighting. We show that increased illuminance can offset the reductions in cyclists caused by darkness and also that there may be an optimal illuminance after which no further benefits may be achieved.

Download Full-text

Work-related road safety: The impact of the low noise levels produced by electric vehicles according to experienced drivers

Safety Science ◽

10.1016/j.ssci.2019.02.021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 580-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

María del Carmen Pardo-Ferreira ◽

Juan Carlos Rubio-Romero ◽

Fuensanta Carmen Galindo-Reyes ◽

Antonio Lopez-Arquillos

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles ◽

Road Safety ◽

Low Noise ◽

Noise Levels ◽

Work Related ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

The impact of exploitation and environmental factors on the degradation of steel road safety equipment

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201823101012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 231 ◽

pp. 01012

Author(s):

Joanna Kobus ◽

Lech Kwiatkowski ◽

Rafał Lutze

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Zinc Coating ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Galvanized Steel ◽

Traffic Intensity ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Zinc Corrosion ◽

The Impact

The work is aimed at determining the corrosivity of atmosphere in the vicinity of roads, taking into account the characteristics of local emission sources, including traffic intensity of vehicles along with climatic and exploitation factors. Determination of the corrosivity of atmosphere was carried out according to the procedures described in PN EN ISO standards. Samples for testing were made of low carbon steel DC05, zinc and hot dip galvanized steel. Samples were assembled at 19 sites in the close vicinity of roads and highways near the measurement points of vehicle traffic intensity. The mass loss of exposed samples was the basis for determination the atmosphere corrosivity at each of 19 test sites. Regarding steel, the corrosivity category of C4 was observed at 8/19 sites. Corrosion losses outside roads are 2-4 times lower and ranged within the categories of C2 and C3. Zinc corrosion losses classified to category C4 occurred at 2/19 stations. In the remaining ones they corresponded to category C3. In areas outside of roads, zinc corrosion losses are about 20-100% lower (C2). The first attempts to model the dependence of operating and environmental parameters on zinc and zinc coating corrosion losses indicate significant correlation between zinc and zinc coating corrosion losses as a function.

Download Full-text