scholarly journals Kultura robotnicza – niedokończony projekt: od sceptycyzmu do kulturoznawstwa historycznego [Workers’ Culture – an Unfinished Project: From Scepticism to Historical Cultural Studies]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Matysek-Imielińska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Humanistic Orientation

Workers’ Culture – an Unfinished Project: From Scepticism to Historical Cultural StudiesThe research on workers’ culture carried out in Poland from the 1960s to the late 1980s has been recognised in this article as a failure. The author discusses the numerous attempts to conceptualise research programmes and their actual implementation in the fields of sociology, anthropology and the emerging cultural studies. She looks for the sources of their failure, reflecting on its nature and possible causes. She asks whether the failure of the research on workers’ culture was not due to the scepticism of the researchers themselves, who might have overlooked important attempts at demonstrating self-awareness and pro-active attitude on the part of the workers, treating them as politically manipulated and therefore inauthentic. She raises the question about both ideological and methodological reasons behind this stance, the latter having to do with a clash between quantitative research and humanistic orientation. She calls for “preposterous” research (as proposed by Mieke Bal) to be undertaken, which would give a different interpretation of the workers’ various cultural initiatives from today’s perspective. Perhaps this would inspire the creation of a counter-history of workers’ culture.Kultura robotnicza – niedokończony projekt: od sceptycyzmu do kulturoznawstwa historycznegoBadania kultury robotniczej w Polsce od lat sześćdziesiątych do późnych osiemdziesiątych XX wieku diagnozowane są w tym artykule jako porażka. Autorka przypomina liczne próby konceptualizacji programów badawczych i konkretne ich realizacje w obszarze socjologii, antropologii i rodzącego się wówczas kulturoznawstwa. Szuka źródeł tej porażki, zastanawia się, na czym ona polegała i co mogło być jej przyczyną. Stawia pytanie: czy niepowodzenia badań nad kulturą robotniczą nie wynikały ze sceptycyzmu samych badaczy, którzy mogli przeoczyć ważne próby manifestacji samoświadomości i aktywnego uczestnictwa robotników, traktując je jako sterowane politycznie, a więc nieautentyczne. Pyta o przyczyny zarówno ideologiczne, jak i metodologiczne – ścieranie się badań ilościowych z orientacją humanistyczną. Proponuje, aby z dystansu czasowego podjąć badania preposteryjne, pozwalające dziś inaczej odczytywać różne robotnicze inicjatywy kulturalne. Być może byłoby to inspirujące dla budowania przeciw-historii kultury robotniczej. 

Environment and Development

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Kurian ◽  
Robert V. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Normative Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Development Literature ◽  
National Environmental

The fundamental conflicts and contradictions between environment and development, and various theoretical and practical efforts to reconcile them, have been a prominent part of the history of development thinking since environmentalism emerged as a significant political phenomenon in the 1960s. The idea of development as change for the better resonates perhaps with all civilizations and across time. All civilizations have development myths which reflect a self-awareness that a particular culture had at some time in the past advanced from a more primitive, less developed state. But these cultural myths of development are only incidentally material or economic. More pronounced concerns over the environment and development emerged during the 1960s and the 1970s. These decades were marked by the emergence of widespread public concern about environmental problems of air and water pollution, and the growth of the environmental movement led to national environmental policy developments and international efforts on the environmental front. In addition, development, environment, and sustainability are all normative concepts with implications for ethics and justice. The vast literature on sustainable development has spawned a range of critiques from a variety of theoretical and disciplinary perspectives. The environmental justice literature developed after early sustainable development literature, and raises questions about intragenerational equity.

From Blubber and Baleen to Buddha of the Deep: The Rise of the Metaphysical Whale

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Zelko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Theme Parks ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Western Democracies

Abstract Human attitudes to various nonhuman animals have varied considerably across cultures and throughout time. While some of our responses are undoubtedly instinctive and universal—a visceral fear of large carnivores or the feeling of spontaneous warmth for creatures exhibiting high degrees of neoteny—it is clear that our attitude toward specific species is largely shaped by our innate anthropomorphism: that is, when we think about animals, we are also thinking about ourselves. There are few better examples of this than the shifting attitudes toward whales and dolphins throughout the 20th century, particularly among citizens of Western democracies. This article narrates the cultural history of this development and demonstrates how the current enchantment with whales and dolphins is primarily the result of two broad—and related—cultural developments: the modern entertainment complex, particularly cinema, television, and aquatic theme parks; and the 1960s counterculture, with its potent blend of holistic ecology, speculative neuroscience, and mysticism. The result was the creation of what we might think of as the “metaphysical whale,” a creature who has inspired the abolitionist stance toward whaling.

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION AND OPERATION OF THE TU-144 SUPERSONIC AIRLINER (according to memoir sources)

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Alsu Sh. Ayzatullova ◽  
Mikhail A. Sudakov
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
Design And Testing

For the first time, the history of the creation and operation of the Tu-144 airliner is investigated on the basis of the memoirs of aviation specialists. The development of an airliner has been studied taking into account the socio-political processes of the 1960s-1970s, and that left a serious imprint on the development of science and technology in this period. The specifics of the historical sources used, highlighting important aspects of the topic, are shown, and their criticism is carried out. The results of the analysis of memories that capture the key moments of the programme of the Soviet supersonic airliner are presented. A comparison was made of the opinions of the authors of memoirs on certain issues (the reasons for the creation of the airliner, problems in its design and testing, as well as the reasons for the completion of the programme). The differences in the assessments of the memoirists of certain aspects of the project are revealed. It is pointed out exactly what lessons can be learned from the project by contemporary Russian statesmen and aviation specialists

“A Triumph in Culinary Art”: Epicurean Displays at the Copley Plaza

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Michelle Tolini Finamore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Extensive Family

From the early twentieth century through the 1960s, three generations of the Tolini family participated in culinary expositions organized by the Epicurean Society of Boston and Les Amis d'Escoffier. The French gastronomic traditions of Auguste Escoffier and Antonin Carême informed the creation of the elaborate and highly decorative tallow sculptures that were the centerpieces of these displays. Drawing upon an extensive family archive of photographs, menus, and ephemera, the author delves into the history of these extraordinaires, or pièces montées. The article explores the fabrication techniques and aesthetics of the centerpieces through oral history and seminal nineteenth- and twentieth-century culinary books such as The Escoffier Cook Book: A Guide to the Fine Art of Cookery and more obscure works such as Escoffier's Les Fleurs en Cire. The investigation uncovers the original sources of inspiration for the annual competitions, as well as a unique tradition of craftsmanship that was handed down from father to son to grandson.

“Old” Economic History in the United States: 1939–1954

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristel de Rouvray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S

This paper investigates the actions of a small, yet influential group of American economists who sought to claim economic history for themselves and use it as a springboard to launch a wider transformation of economics. Their actions constitute an episode of dissent in the history of twentieth century economics, albeit an unusual one. These dissenters were not a socially or intellectually marginalized group, but rather a set of privileged scholars who were able to leverage their contacts within the profession and amongst its patrons to further their vision. Their actions could almost be described in Kuhnian terms: they consciously sought to trigger a “paradigm shift” to bring about a social science better suited, in their views, to a world in political and economic turmoil (Kuhn 1962). In spite of the Kuhnian allusion to “scientific revolution,” this paper is not about the 1960s “cliometric revolution,” but about the 1940s and '50s and the little known events that led to the creation of the Economic History Association, the Journal of Economic History, and Explorations in Entrepreneurial History (subsequently Explorations in Economic History).

scholarly journals History and Contents of the Dutch Theatre Production Database

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Floortje Bakkeren
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Input System ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Theatre Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Database ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University

Abstract The Dutch Theatre Production Database is a historical database with data on theatre and dance productions in the Netherlands by professional Dutch and foreign producers and companies. The database contains data on practically all productions from 1940 up to now: over one hundred thousand productions that can be freely searched using either the Webopac (http://theatercollectie.uva.nl/search/advanced) or the website Theaterencyclopedie (https://theaterencyclopedie.nl). Since 2013 the database is managed by the Department of Special Collections of the Library of the University of Amsterdam. It is the only source that offers an overview of the complete theatre programme in the Netherlands. The origins of its development lie in the card catalogue of the library of the Toneelmuseum of the 1960s. The database itself is now nearly three decades old and has grown much larger than the first compilers could ever have imagined. Until now a history of its development has been lacking. This paper offers a reconstruction of the history of the creation and development of the data and a description of the protocols and input system. This paper clarifies which sources have fed the database and which systems and productions have been fed by the database. With this paper, the verifiability and representativeness of the data can be assessed more effectively.

scholarly journals Ural Cultural School: Beginnings, Realities, Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
N. B. Kirillova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
New Science ◽  
30Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The object of research in the article is the Ural culturological school, the history of which begins with the creation of the first professional department of cultural studies in the region at the Ural State (now Ural Fede­ral) University, which celebrated its 30th anniversary on April 9, 2021. The emergence of this department in Yekaterinburg, as well as in a number of leading universities in the country, contributed to the emergence and development of a new science — culturology, which is gradually beginning to establish itself in the system of traditional humanities and today occupies a prominent place in it.

The State the State Produced

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-182
Author(s):  
Garrett Felber
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Black Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Malcolm X ◽  
Nation Of Islam ◽  
Black Nationalist ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S

In most histories of Black Power, as the Black Nationalist, anticolonial, and anticarceral frameworks developed by the Nation of Islam throughout the civil rights period shifted from margin to center, the Nation of Islam itself inexplicably recedes from view. This chapter highlights the continuity between these ideas, formations, and strategies and the period in which they flourished and spread belies state narratives of nihilism, rupture, and disorder, which served to justify further carceral buildup. From the creation of the Organization of Afro-American Unity, to Watts, to the mysteries surrounding the assassination of Malcolm X, the chapter looks to the longer history of activism and anti-carceral thought launched by the Nation of Islam during the 1960s and afterward.

scholarly journals The Typography of the Landfras Printing Works

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Jan Solpera
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article focuses on the typefaces used in the Landfras printing works in Jindřichův Hradec throughout the 19th century. The production of this printing works reflected the transformation of the printing craft workshop into an industrial enterprise. In the history of the development of the typeface, the 19th century is the most interesting period. At its beginning, the transformation of the dynamic Renaissance Antiqua into the rational Classicist Antiqua was completed. In the next years, typographic font was used not only for education but more and more for advertisements. Roughly from the middle of the century, a period of historicism appeared in typography as well, involving virtually an eruption of all kinds of decorative letter shapes and ornaments. At the end of the 19th century, a new artistic style, Art Nouveau, emerged. This was the end of one epoch and the beginning of another in the history of this printing works. Concerning the typography of the 19th century, one can say that it is so ugly that it is beautiful. The same applies to the typefaces of the time. The interest in these highly emotional typefaces was revived again in the 1960s, when it led to the creation of a number of interesting products in the areas of book typography, cultural posters and record sleeves.

Zoya Il'inichna Glezer – life and scientific achievements

2019 ◽  
pp. 318-323
Author(s):  
Zinaida V. Pushina ◽  
Galina V. Stepanova ◽  
Ekaterina L. Grundan
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
The South ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Scientific Achievements ◽  
South Of European Russia

Zoya Ilyinichna Glezer is the largest Russian micropaleontologist, a specialist in siliceous microfossils — Cenozoic diatoms and silicoflagellates. Since the 1960s, she systematically studied Paleogene siliceous microfossils from various regions of the country and therefore was an indispensable participant in the development of unified stratigraphic schemes for Paleogene siliceous plankton of various regions of the USSR. She made a great contribution to the creation of the newest Paleogene schemes in the south of European Russia and Western Siberia, to the correlations of the Paleogene deposits of the Kara Sea.

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