scholarly journals Nowe zachowania językowe u najstarszego pokolenia mieszkańców wsi

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Ziajka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
New Words ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Verbal Behaviors ◽  
Morphological Transformations ◽  
Elder People ◽  
General Culture

New Linguistic Behaviors in the Eldest Generation of Village InhabitantsThe objective of the paper is analysis of the eldest village inhabitants’ linguistic behaviors which result from the universalizing influence of general culture on folk language. The contemporary globalizing tendencies which are strongly reflected in rural environments result in the fact that the eldest generation is forced to include new words in their own dialectal vocabulary that refer to modern realities that often do not fall within the scope of the cultural, social and customary sphere of rural communities. The materials, which include verbal behaviors collected in 2015–2020 in the rural commune of Babice in Chrzanów district, indicate the villagers’ lack of linguistic competence in terms of knowledge of the newest layer of general Polish. This is because, in the verbal behaviors of the members of the eldest age group, we can find numerous forms of deviation, and new words are often pronounced using traditional dialectal phonetics. Morphological transformations also occur. The reasons for these transformations include articulation difficulties combined with etymological unclearness. New words are sometimes unclear to elder people, which is why semantic shifts often occur when transferring general Polish units into the dialectal code. Nowe zachowania językowe u najstarszego pokolenia mieszkańców wsiCelem artykułu jest analiza tych zachowań językowych najstarszych mieszkańców wsi, które wynikają z uniwersalizującego oddziaływania na język ludowy kultury ogólnej. Współczesne tendencje globalizacyjne, w sposób szczególny zaznaczające się w środowiskach wiejskich, powodują, że najstarsze pokolenie zmuszone jest włączać do własnego, gwarowego repertuaru językowego nowe słownictwo odnoszące się do współczesnych realiów, częstokroć niemieszczących się w sferze kulturowej, społecznej i obyczajowej wiejskich wspólnot. Egzemplifikacja materiałowa, którą stanowią zachowania werbalne zebrane w latach 2015–2020 na terenie wiejskiej gminy Babice w powiecie chrzanowskim, wskazuje jednakże na brak kompetencji językowej mieszkańców wsi w zakresie znajomości najnowszej warstwy polszczyzny ogólnej. W zachowaniach werbalnych najstarszej grupy wiekowej pojawiają się bowiem liczne formy dewiacyjne, słownictwo nowe często jest wymawiane z zachowaniem tradycyjnej fonetyki gwarowej. Dochodzi także do przekształceń na płaszczyźnie morfologicznej. Przyczyną tych modyfikacji bywają trudności artykulacyjne połączone z brakiem wiedzy o ich etymologii. Nowe wyrazy nie zawsze są w pełni zrozumiałe dla starszego pokolenia, dlatego też przenoszeniu jednostek ogólnopolskich do kodu gwarowego często towarzyszą przesunięcia semantyczne.

scholarly journals Fin-de-Siècle Rural Teachers in the French Third Republic and in Hebrew Galilee Moshavot

10.33496/002 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
Teachers And Parents

In 1882 modern education in both France and the Galilee began a massive and continuous penetration into rural zones, followed by deep tensions between modernist teachers and local conservative populations. Many similarities existed between those two seemingly unconnected rural environments. This article analyzes the essence and the significances of similar features of the above processes and considers whether they might be the result of transnational influences. In both arenas, tensions between teachers and peasants reflected open and hidden social, political, and cultural differences. Peasants could hardly understand the efforts teachers were required to invest; they saw in them threatening representatives of external authorities—the Third Republic in France or the Jewish Colonization Association (JCA), the dominant philanthropic association in the Galilee. Main contestations concerned religion, which, for the teachers, became a symbol of all the negative aspects of peasant societies. Teachers also made great efforts to implant notions of romantic nationalism into societies to which such concepts were alien. Such attitudes were translated into thorny conflicts of influence between teachers and parents in rural communities. Consequently, teachers remained in practice socially semi-excluded.

scholarly journals Consumer Perceptions and Acceptability of Traditional Dishes Prepared with Provitamin A-Biofortified Maize and Sweet Potato

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1577
Author(s):  
Laurencia Govender ◽  
Kirthee Pillay ◽  
Muthulisi Siwela ◽  
Albert Thembinkosi Modi ◽  
Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Age Group

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is prevalent in South Africa, particularly among predominantly poor rural communities. Provitamin A (PVA)-biofortified crops could be used to address VAD; however, there are challenges of poor consumer acceptability. This study investigated the effect of replacing white maize and cream-fleshed sweet potato (CFSP) with PVA-biofortified maize and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), respectively, on consumer acceptability and perceptions of traditional dishes of rural communities in South Africa. Consumer acceptability of PVA-biofortified phutu (a crumbly maize porridge) served with either curried cabbage, chicken or bambara groundnut, separately, and boiled OFSP was evaluated by black South African adults (n = 120) using a five-point facial hedonic scale. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 56 subjects recruited from the consumer panel to assess consumer perceptions of the food samples. The majority of the participants rated the composite dishes containing PVA-biofortified phutu as “4 = good” and the acceptability of the composite dishes varied significantly (p < 0.05). Compared to other age groups, the 50–59-year age group showed higher preference for white phutu and chicken curry, whereas the 30–39-year age group showed higher preference for PVA-biofortified phutu and chicken curry. The acceptability of OFSP and CFSP was similar. The study participants showed positive perceptions of the OFSP, as well as PVA-biofortified phutu if served with either curried chicken or cabbage. The findings suggest that PVA-biofortified maize and OFSP can replace white maize and CFSP, respectively, in selected traditional dishes of the rural communities studied to alleviate VAD.

Theorizing socio-environmental reproduction in China’s countryside and beyond

2020 ◽  
pp. 251484862097012
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lord
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Environmental Work

Over the past four decades, pollution and other forms of environmental degradation have radically transformed China’s landscape. So have the ambitious greening policies implemented to tackle these problems. During the same period, an enormous gap in wealth and amenities has arisen between the modernizing cities and rural areas, the latter playing an important, and often ignored, role in China’s environmental project. This paper identifies two paradoxical processes transforming rural environments: the mobilization of rural efforts to green the nation and the ruralization of pollution. While seemingly contradictory, both processes illustrate how the rural is expendable and malleable to state interests. This article proposes the concept of socio-environmental reproduction to theorize the environmental paradox in which many rural communities find themselves in contemporary China, as their environmental work and sacrifices sustain economic and political systems. This concept builds on the work on social reproduction by feminist scholars, particularly those who have sought to integrate the environment into their analyses. This paper proposes to expand the concept to include all the environmental work and sacrifices that certain people are asked to make to fuel the economic system, preserve political stability, and protect privileged spaces from pollution. As a whole, this article shows how China’s rural–urban divide is constitutive of the country’s environmental project and how national greening initiatives enable uneven development. Furthermore, this case foreshadows what will likely occur elsewhere as countries seek to green themselves. As the ecological era unfolds in China and elsewhere, it exposes how deep social divides are mobilized to fulfill environmental objectives. This paper theorizes the environmental work and sacrifices that risk falling on the shoulders of the most vulnerable.

Vreemde-Talenonderwijs

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Marianne Verhallen-van Ling
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
New Words ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Dutch Language

The most frequently used Dutch language course for primary schools (Taal actief, 'Language actively') was analysed with respect to vocabulary teaching. The analysis was restricted to the materials for 'group 6' (children of about 10 years old). It was shown that vocabulary was part of the curriculum, but only in a limited and non-systematic way. Only about 350 words which seemed adequate for the age group considered were presented in the course material. Furthermore, the words seemed to be randomly selected. Relatively few of the tasks and exercises were directed at the learning of new words or new word meanings. Most tasks had to do with the relation between words, for example providing words with opposite meanings. Generally, the exercises did not aim at the acquisition of new words and meanings, but at the testing of word knowledge.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF Entamoeba histolytica INFECTION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN FIVE SELECTED COMMUNITIES OF WUSHISHI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-667
Author(s):  
Adamu Mohammed Saba ◽  
A. Muhammad ◽  
J. Baba ◽  
A. Mustapha ◽  
H. B. Hussaini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
School Children ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Histolytica Infection

Ameobiasis is an infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica, which is a serious problem especially in developing countries and ranks third among the parasitic infections that lead to death mostly in primary age children.The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of E. histolytical in young children.Three hundred (300) children aged 0-14 years were sampled for E. histolytica infection in five rural communities in Wushishi Local Government Area, Niger State, North Central Nigeria.   The stool samples were examined for cysts of E. histolytica using saline and iodine preparations. The prevalence rate of 17 % was recorded. The prevalence by sex had a higher infection rate in males (19.3 %) than females (14.6%) which was not significantly (P>0.05). The prevalence of the infection in relation to age was highest (23%) in 7 to 10 year age group, while the least infection of 12 (12%) was recorded in 11 to 14 year age group A significant association was found between the sources of drinking water and prevalence of E. histolytica (P<0.05).  The highest was recorded in those using stream/pond (89.2%) and least recorded from Borehole/Tap (40.3%). Therefore, it become necessary need for improved sanitation, personal hygiene, health education  policy and a proper deworming scheme amongst school children in the study areas in order to decrease infections rate.

scholarly journals A Future for a Rural Past: An Investigation of Rural Communal Life in New Zealand, through an Architectural Analysis of Rural Halls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
James Grosvenor Morgan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Rural And Urban

<p>Since the early years of colonisation, rural settlements in New Zealand have undergone much change. The built infrastructure that once supported close-knit rural communities has become largely obsolete, degenerating into disrepair. Within this context of rural decline, my thesis explores the relation between rural buildings and communal living. In so doing, I offer a conceptualisation of a new rural facility, as an incubator for new communal experience, appropriate for bringing rural and urban dwellers together. My focus is specifically community centred on rural halls within Taranaki's Stratford District. In offering a critical analysis of their demise, I contend that rural halls in New Zealand have undergone this change through processes of urbanisation. Urban dwelling has given rise to a lack of agricultural knowledge, providing a disassociation between urban residents and their earlier ties to the landscape and farm practices. The development of new forms of social life has aided an increase in the degree of physical separation between individuals and their neighbors. The traditional physical sense of belonging to a close-knit rural community has been transformed if not destroyed. Belonging to a community is, I contend, a vital psychological requirement for humans. My theoretical stance is that buildings can and do support a sense of community. From a regenerative perspective, there is arguably a trend of moving back to rural environments as people seek out alternative ways of dealing with the overbearing issue of contemporary urban living. The built rural infrastructure may be of importance to New Zealand's current and future generations. This thesis explores the possibility for a reinterpretation/adaptation of rural New Zealand halls in expressing physical rural 'communal life' in a contemporary context. Critical Regionalist and Adaptive Reuse architecture theories are utilised to test this contention. The design ventures a new archetype, a new hub for a rural settlement that will include new facilities, whilst extending and reworking the traditional social roles of rural halls. Through fostering a renewed form of communal life and providing an environment that fuses rural and urban skill-sets, this facility is intended to breath new life into these former rural communities and in particular, the abandoned rural halls.</p>

scholarly journals Women Empowerment Perspective of Tourism Development at Idanre Hills, Ondo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181-1185
Author(s):  
F.C. Arowosafe ◽  
O.A. Tunde-Ajayi ◽  
O.S. Rafiu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Community Data ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Tourism has established new opportunities for the female gender through generating and propagating independence and income, particularly in developing countries and rural communities. This study identifies socio-demographic characteristics, employment status and women  empowerment initiatives at Idanre Hills, Ondo State, Nigeria. The study employed the use of structured questionnaire targeted randomly at 120 women residents of Idanre community. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and results were presented descriptively; through charts, percentage tables and inferentially; through chi square. Results indicated that majority of the women are within age group of 36-45 years (36.7%) and have secondary education (50.8%). Also, highest percentage of the women are not employed by the ministry of tourism (89.2%) while majority of the women employed are cleaners (46.67%). The women are majorly basic food sellers (38.3%) at the tourism destination and this forms their role in tourism activities there. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between employment status and socio-demographic characteristics of the women (p<0.05). Women are presently under-utilized and underempowered and should be involved more in core tourism activities at Idanre Hills. Keywords: Employment, Empowerment, Gender, Tourism, Women.

Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Annan
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Rural Service

The purpose of this chapter is to review nursing and other research related to rural intimate partner violence. The author presents a review of research in the area of intimate partner violence in the rural setting. The findings indicate that there is limited nursing research related to intimate partner violence in rural communities. The review describes the prevalence and types of abuse, the rural service issues, and the consequences of battering. The chapter also discusses the health implications of violence in the rural setting. The author concludes with a presentation of a research agenda for nursing research in rural environments.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Adults Regarding Tuberculosis in Selected Rural Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Rose Mary George ◽  
Mamta Chauhan ◽  
Akansha Chauhan ◽  
. Pragya ◽  
. Vandana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Information Booklet

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for millennia and remains a major global health problem. According to WHO, (2015) TB causes ill-health in millions of people each year and in 2015 TB was one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, ranking above HIV/AIDS. Globally there were 10.4 million new TB cases and 1.4 million TB deaths in 2015.A timely diagnosis and correct treatment can cure TB patients. Objectives: Of the study were to assess the knowledge of adults regarding tuberculosis, to develop and administer an information booklet regarding tuberculosis to adults, to associate the knowledge of adults regarding tuberculosis with selected socio-demographic variables. Materials and Methods: The research approach adopted for this study was quantitative and non-experimental descriptive research design was used to collect data to assess the knowledge of adults regarding Tuberculosis. Analysis of the study consisted of section 1: Analysis of socio demographic variables, section 2: Analysis of knowledge scores of adults, section 3: Association of knowledge of adults regarding tuberculosis with selected socio demographic variable. Results: The study revealed that 77% of the adults had poor level of knowledge while 23% of the adults had only average knowledge regarding tuberculosis.  45% of adults were in the age group of 51-60 years and 20% were in 30-40 years age group. Among the participants, 55% were males and 45% were females, 42% adults were living in nuclear family and 28% belonged to extended family, 42% of adults were having primary education whereas only 7% were graduated and above. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding Tuberculosis was found to be poor among adults living in rural communities. Association was found between the religion of the adults and their knowledge scores. There was no significant association found between other demographic variables of the adults with their knowledge scores regarding tuberculosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document