Atractylenolide II-ameliorated hyperlipidemia in mice by regulating AMPK/PPARα/SREBP-1C signaling pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Ren ◽  
Ge Fang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Xiaowen Zhou ◽  
Xiantao Li
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Staining

In this paper, we present our study on the effect of atractylenolide II on hyperlipidemic model mice. After 8 weeks, the blood of these mice was taken to detect four lipids. Pathological changes were detected in the aortas and livers of the mice. Expression of PPARα and SREBP-1C was detected in the liver by western blot. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the effects of atractylenolide II on blood lipids in hyperlipidemia mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect pathological changes in the aortas and livers of mice with hyperlipidemia after treatment with atractylenolide II. Changes in PPARα and SREBP-1C expression were found in mice with dyslipidemia. As the results shown, atractylenolide II administration reduced body weight and hyperlipidemia in hyperlipidemic model mice. In addition, atractylenolide II effectively relieved fat deposition and damage in aortic and liver tissues. Therefore, atractylenolide II had a beneficial therapeutic effect in reducing hyperlipidemia in hyperlipidemic model mice, which may be related to its ability to inhibit SREBP-1C expression by activating PPARα. The molecular mechanism driving the therapeutic effect of atractylenolide II may involve upregulation of PPARα and activation of the AMPK/PPARα/SREBP-1C signaling pathway. Our research demonstrated the development of therapeutic agents that can be used to improve hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CENTELLA ASIATICA L. ON THE NUMBER OF OSTEOCLASTS, OSTEOBLASTS, AND OSTEOCYTES IN THE TIBIAE OF OVARIECTOMIZED RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
VANISSA KARIS ◽  
SRI ANGKY SOEKANTO ◽  
ERIK IDRUS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Staining

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Centella asiatica L. as a phytoestrogen.Methods: Therapy using C. asiatica extract at doses of 60 mg/kg body weight, 120 mg/kg BW, and 180 mg/kg BW was administered to ovariectomizedrats for 30 days.Results: Histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated an increased number of osteocytes and a decreased number ofosteoclasts, but there was no significant increase in osteoblast numbers.Conclusion: The administration of the low doses of C. asiatica extract affects the number of osteocytes and osteoclasts but not osteoblasts inovariectomized rats.

scholarly journals Anemoside B4 ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis involved suppressing the S100A9/NF-κB signaling pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Zhengxia Zha ◽  
Wenhua Shen ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Naixin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponin ◽  
Label Free

Abstract Background Despite the increased morbidity of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the developing countries, available treatments remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is urgent to discover more effective therapeutic strategies. Pulsatilla chinensis was widely used for the treatment of inflamed intestinal diseases including UC for thousands of years in China. However, it is unclear which compound in P. chinensis is responsible for the therapeutic effect. Our previous study reported that anemoside B4, the most abundant triterpenoid saponin isolated from P. chinensis, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Methods Here, we used the 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat model to evaluate the therapeutic effect of anemoside B4. Blood samples of colitis rat were collected for hematology analysis. The effects of anemoside B4 on inflammation-associated mediators were investigated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) staining. Cell proliferation or apoptosis was measured by immunofluorescence technique. The mechanisms of anemoside B4 was investigated using label-free quantitative proteomics. The level of proteins was quantified by western blotting. mRNA expression was quantified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Results The results showed that anemoside B4 ameliorated TNBS-induced colitis symptoms, including tissue damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, apoptosis and slowed proliferation in the colon. Quantitative proteomic analyses discovered that 56 proteins were significantly altered by anemoside B4 in the TNBS-induced rats. These proteins were mainly clustered in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport chain. Among the altered proteins, S100A9 is one of the most significantly downregulated proteins and associated with NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of UC. Further experiments revealed that anemoside B4 suppresses the expression of S100A9 and its downstream genes including TLR4, NF-κB, and p-JNK in colon. In vitro, S100A9 protein could active NF-κB signaling pathway in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. However, anemoside B4 could inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by S100A9 protein. Besides, it also inhibited active of NF-κB signaling pathway stimulated by LPS or IL-6. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that anemoside B4 prevents TNBS-induced colitis involved inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway through inactivating S100A9 suggesting that anemoside B4 is a promising therapeutic candidate for colitis.

scholarly journals Modeling Chronic Dacryocystitis in Rabbits by Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction with Self-Curing Resin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Hou ◽  
Tao Ai ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Nan Xiang ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Lacrimal Sac ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Chronic Dacryocystitis ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Staining ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

We established a chronic dacryocystitis model by injecting of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 ml self-curing resin via the lacrimal punctum in rabbits. Animals were randomized into four groups (n=11 animals/group). The control group received 0.15 ml normal saline. Within three months postinjection, epiphora and eye discharge were observed. At the 90th day postlacrimal passage irrigation, CT dacryocystography was performed to find changes in the lacrimal image, and hematoxylin and eosin staining was made to identify pathological changes of the lacrimal sac. Three months postinjection, the rabbits in control group and those who received 0.05 and 0.1 ml self-curing resin failed to develop chronic dacryocystitis. However, 8/11 (72.7%) rabbits those received 0.15 ml self-curing resin were symptomatic and showed complete reflux in lacrimal passage irrigation, indicating the obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. CT dacryocystography showed that the obstruction was present only in the animals with chronic dacryocystitis. Pathological examinations of chronic dacryocystitis also revealed significantly inflammatory changes, such as mucus epithelium thickening, irregular papillary proliferation, and submucosal fibrous deposition. Local injection of 0.15 ml self-curing resin can induce permanent obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct in rabbits and establish a model of chronic dacryocystitis.

scholarly journals Effects of different intensities of exercise on folliculogenesis in mice: Which is better?

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Fitri Kurnia Rahayu ◽  
Sri Ratna Dwiningsih ◽  
Ashon Sa’adi ◽  
Lilik Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Staining ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

Objective: Exercise is a risk factor for infertility in women. However, research on the effects of different intensities of exercise on folliculogenesis has not yielded clear results. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of differences in the intensity of exercise on folliculogenesis in mice. Methods: Nineteen female BALB/c mice (age, 3–4 months; weight, 13–25 g) were randomly divided into four groups: control, mild exercise, moderate exercise, and high-intensity exercise. The mice in the exercise groups engaged in swimming, with additional loads of 3%, 6%, or 9% of body weight, respectively. There were five swimming sessions per week for 4 weeks, with a gradually increasing duration every week. At the end of the treatment, ovarian extraction was carried out and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to identify folliculogenesis. Results: There were significant differences in the number of total follicles between the control and moderate-exercise groups (p=0.036) and between the mild- and moderate-exercise groups (p=0.005). The mean number of primary follicles was higher in the moderate-exercise group than in the mild-exercise group (p=0.006). The mean number of secondary, tertiary, and Graafian follicles did not differ significantly among groups (p≥0.05). However, the number of total follicles and follicles in each phase tended to increase after exercise, especially moderate-intensity exercise. Conclusion: Exercise of different intensities affected the total number of follicles and primary follicles. The number of follicles of each phase tended to increase after exercise. Moderate-intensity exercise had better effects than other intensities of exercise.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Simonsinol on Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through Inactivation of NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3573
Author(s):  
Lian-Chun Li ◽  
Zheng-Hong Pan ◽  
De-Sheng Ning ◽  
Yu-Xia Fu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Simonsinol is a natural sesqui-neolignan firstly isolated from the bark of Illicium simonsii. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of simonsinol was investigated with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells model. The results demonstrated that simonsinol could antagonize the effect of LPS on morphological changes of RAW264.7 cells, and decrease the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, as determined by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, simonsinol could downregulate transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and IL-6 as measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and inhibit phosphorylation of the alpha inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) as assayed by Western blot. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that simonsinol could inhibit inflammation response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the inactivation of the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

Presence and significance of NK cells in glioblastomas

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Vaquero ◽  
Santiago Coca ◽  
Santiago Oya ◽  
Roberto Martínez ◽  
Josefa Ramiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Surface Marker ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Staining ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A monoclonal antibody against the surface marker IOT-10 of natural killer (NK) cells was used to investigate the presence of these cells in a series of 25 glioblastomas. In 40% of the tumors, IOT-10-positive NK cells were found in small numbers scattered among the tumor cells. The presence of IOT-10-positive NK cells was not related to the degree of lymphocytic infiltration in the tumor as demonstrated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, nor did it appear to influence the survival time of the patients studied.

scholarly journals Complement C9 expression is associated with damaged myocardial cells in pediatric sudden death cases of fulminant myocarditis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akari Takaya Uno ◽  
Masahito Hitosugi ◽  
Mami Nakamura ◽  
Tomoyuki Nakanishi ◽  
Takahiro Mima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Acute Myocarditis ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Fulminant Myocarditis ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Staining ◽  
Complement C9

Abstract Background Because disease progression is so fast in sudden death of acute fulminant myocarditis, damage of myocardial cells is not evident in routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. To understand damage to myocardial cells and the mechanism of sudden death, immunohistochemical staining was performed for two forensic autopsy cases. Case presentation The patients were a healthy 5-year-old girl and 8-year-old boy. They suddenly died within 2 days of appearance of flu-like symptoms. An autopsy showed accumulation of yellowish-clear pericardial fluid containing fibrin deposits, fluid blood in the heart, and congestion of visceral organs. Histologically, minor necrosis or degeneration of myocardial cells with mainly lymphocytic infiltration was observed sometimes in tissue sections. Immunohistochemically, positive complement C9 staining and negative sirtuin 1 staining were found. These findings suggested wide damage of myocardial cells, even in regions with no marked changes in myocardial cells with hematoxylin and eosin staining. These areas corresponded to those with strong accumulation of lymphocytes. Conclusions Immunohistochemistry for complement C9 and sirtuin 1 might become a new tool for evaluating damage of myocardial cells of fulminant acute myocarditis.

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