scholarly journals Ambivalent perceptions of the Other: Towards a dual-process sociology of intercultural relations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000169932110288
Author(s):  
Nina Høy-Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Behavioural Flexibility ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Process Sociology ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Applying theories from sociology and social psychology concerned with the intersection of culture and cognition to in-depth interviews, this paper empirically explores the Norwegian majority population’s perceptions of cultural diversities using a dual-process (DP) methodological and analytic approach. Globalization has produced a mix of new anxieties, opportunities, and curiosities, leaving most people juggling conflicting objectives of self-preservation and self-realization, and making cognitive self-regulation and behavioural flexibility valorized skills of contemporary life. Instead of identifying xenophobic and cosmopolitan attitudes at opposite ends of a spectrum, the current paper argues in line with current research and theory in studies of DP cognition that they commonly co-exist, albeit in separate automatic and discursive cognitive systems, within the same individual. As a result, people’s perceptions of cultural and ethnic diversities tend to be ambivalent and contextually malleable – for example, in cases where their deep dispositions appear incompatible with their own self-concept or dominant cultural expectations. Most centrally, the current research proposes concrete strategies to elicit responses from both cognitive systems in the context of interpretive interviews. Secondly, the paper proposes clues that help to identify from which cognitive system interviewees’ conflicting cosmopolitan and xenophobic attitudes originate, thereby enabling researchers to further delineate the specific characteristics of these attitudes, including the mode of cultural learning through which they form, their flexibility or robustness to change, their role in behaviour motivation, and the extent to which they are conscious and controllable.

scholarly journals Civility and Rejection: The Contextuality of Cosmopolitan and Racist Behaviours

Sociology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003803852110115
Author(s):  
Nina Høy-Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Dual Process ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Cultural Scripts ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Process Framework ◽  
White Majority ◽  
Depth Interviews

Applying a dual-process framework to in-depth interviews and survey data, this article explores behavioural manifestations of intercultural attitudes for white majority Norwegians. The article builds upon established literatures on social cognition showing that humans operate with two separate cognitive systems. Affective ‘automatic’ heuristics often generate negative stereotypes, aversive emotions and behavioural responses to ethnic diversities. In contrast, the ‘discursive’ cognitive system, which stores cultural scripts, motivates predominantly egalitarian aspirations and performances. As people balance their behaviours according to contextual evaluations of costs and benefits, the article’s findings indicate a tendency to practise openness and civility in public and spatio-temporally bounded encounters, and to reject or exclude the Other in half or more of privately made selection decisions.

scholarly journals Regulasi Diri dalam Belajar pada Mahasiswa yang Memiliki Peran Banyak

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Dwi Nur Rachmah
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Related Individual ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study aimed at identifying and understanding more deeply the self-regulated learning of students with high GPA, who had multiple roles (as housewife and worker also). The approach employed in this study was qualitative-phenomenological approach. The subjects of the study were selected by purposive sampling technique and the data were collected using techniques of observations and in-depth interviews. The results indicated that the four subjects conducted self-regulation in learning through regulating the cognition, motivation, behavior and emotion. Moreover, the subjects performed context regulation in order to achieve certain learning objectives. Self-regulated learning performed by the subjects was influenced by specific precipitating situations and the characteristics of each related individual. It was also strengthened by social support given to them. Keywords: self-regulated learning, student, many roles Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami lebih mendalam bagaimana regulasi diri dalam belajar (self regulated learning) mahasiswa yang memiliki banyak peran (sebagai ibu rumah tangga dan bekerja) dengan indeks prestasi tinggi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatan kualitatif-fenomenologi. Subjek penelitian dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling dan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah meng¬gunakan observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa empat orang subjek menggunakan regulasi diri dalam belajar berupa regulasi kognitif, regulasi motivasi, regulasi perilaku dan regulasi emosi. Selain itu subjek juga melakukan regulasi konteks agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat dicapai. Regulasi diri dalam belajar yang dilakukan oleh para subjek dipengaruhi oleh situasi pencetus dan karakteristik tiap individu bersangkutan. Regulasi diri dalam belajar yang dilakukan juga tidak terlepas dari dukungan sosial yang diberikan kepada mereka. Kata kunci: regulasi diri dalam belajar, mahasiswa, peran banyak

Family Reflections on the Foundations of Self-Determination in Early Childhood

Inclusion ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Ann Summers ◽  
Mary Jane Brotherson ◽  
Elizabeth J. Erwin ◽  
Susan P. Maude ◽  
Susan B. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Choice Making ◽  
Young Children With Disabilities ◽  
Foundational Skills ◽  
Home And School ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract This study investigated families' perspectives about and strategies used to develop foundational skills (i.e., choice-making, self-regulation, and engagement) leading to the development of the self-determination of their young children with disabilities. Two research questions guided the study: (1) What do families believe is important when working with practitioners in partnership to build foundational skills leading to self-determination at home and school? (2) What do families think about providing opportunities for developing these skills, and how do they provide such opportunities? Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews and an open-ended online survey. Families reported a variety of strategies used to develop choice-making, self-regulation, and engagement skills. Results can assist early education service providers to better understand how families conceptualize choice-making, self-regulation, and engagement for their children to successfully build partnerships and engage families.

scholarly journals “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Weed”: How Consumers in Four Different Policy Settings Define the Quality of Illicit Cannabis

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Vendula Belackova
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Production Location ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Experience Good ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
Proxy Indicators ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Depth Interviews

With proliferating efforts to regulate the quality of cannabis on legalized markets, and recent discussions about drug quality assessment by darknet buyers, it seems timely to explore definitions of the quality of cannabis among consumers. An inductive analysis of in-depth interviews with people who had used cannabis in the past 12 months was conducted, which focused on the respondents’ subjective definitions and assessments of the quality of cannabis. The data are drawn from convenience samples in four localities (Florida [United States], Czechia, Spain, and New South Wales [Australia]) where cannabis was illegal or decriminalized. The findings suggest that the respondents across all four localities used a range of visual and sensory indicators to assess the quality of cannabis. For many respondents, these were independent indicators of the quality of cannabis suggesting that cannabis was not merely an “experience” good. For others, visual and sensory assessments were used as indirect indicators of quality in that they represented the effect of the cannabis. The desired effect was more complex than simple potency (strength) and several respondents preferred mild and not-sedating cannabis. Across the four localities, the respondents also included “proxy” indicators of the safety of cannabis in their definitions of quality. In other words, high-quality cannabis was defined as not causing excessive intoxication or physical harm. Altogether, cannabis was a specific “credence” good when its quality was seen as a result of cultivation techniques, production location, or producers’ (profit) motivations - depending on the locality. These findings suggest that cannabis policies that regulate the cultivation process can be relevant to people who use cannabis. Given that consumers take the safety of cannabis into consideration when assessing its quality, their involvement in the development of quality standards is warranted. Consumer-led self-regulation should also be considered in policies that seek to regulate cannabis supply.

Transformative Self-Regulation and the Quiet Ego

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-285
Author(s):  
Jack Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Life Stories ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
Quiet Ego ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines how the transformative self facilitates long-term self-regulation. Most research on self-regulation targets the immediate moment (referred to here as micro self-regulation) or personal events that last weeks or months (meso self-regulation). In contrast, the transformative self functions as a tool for macro self-regulation in one’s attempt to shape one’s life over time (for which evolving life stories are especially well suited). Hedonic, transformative self-regulation comes in the forms of realistic optimism, self-improvement motivation, cybernetic feedback motives, intentional self-development, and the flexible pursuit of goals. Eudaimonic, transformative self-regulation is especially helpful for adaptation to life’s difficulties and is found in dual-process models of adaptation to loss and potential trauma. These dual processes aim to regulate and balance both affect and meaning-making. The quiet ego represents a synthesis of these forms of self-regulation, balancing detached awareness (e.g., mindfulness), inclusive identity (e.g., interdependence, compassion), perspective-taking (e.g., value perspectivity), and growth-mindedness.

Self-regulation of the newlyweds in Taiwan: Goals and strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 2674-2690
Author(s):  
Szu-Chia Chang ◽  
Jenny Hsiu-Ying Chang ◽  
Meng-Yeow Low ◽  
Tzu-Chin Chen ◽  
Shih-Hsien Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Marital Relationships ◽  
The Other ◽  
Role Norms ◽  
Depth Interviews

The aim of this study is to explore the goals and strategies of self-regulation of the newlyweds in Taiwan. Through in-depth interviews with eight newlywed couples ( N = 16), qualitative data were gathered and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that, under the influence of their cultural values, the newlywed participants pursue the goals of genuine harmony and superficial harmony in their self-regulation for marital adjustment. Genuine harmony can be attained through people’s fulfillment of their role norms in in-law relationships and establishment of affiliations with spouses in marital relationships. On the other hand, superficial harmony can be maintained by people through keeping sketchy relationships with their in-laws and inhibiting anger to prevent open conflicts with their spouses. To achieve relational harmony, various strategies of self-regulation were used depending on the situations involved. Such strategies direct to the principle of zhong-yong (the Doctrine of Mean) involving holistic information processing and avoidance of extremities in implementation. Gender differences in self-regulation were found in both goals and strategies.

Parenting Across Two Worlds: Low-Income Latina Immigrants’ Adaptation to Motherhood in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen K. Vesely ◽  
Bethany L. Letiecq ◽  
Rachael D. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latina Immigrants ◽  
Immigrant Mothers ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Gendered Roles ◽  
Community Supports ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study explored how low-income documented and undocumented Latina immigrant mothers negotiate motherhood and adapt to life in new cultural and structural contexts. Grounded in ecocultural theory, we analyzed data from 21 in-depth interviews with Latina immigrant mothers to surface how their experiences of motherhood in the United States were shaped by their country of origin experiences and their situatedness in the United States. We documented emergent tensions related to their immigration context, often driven by changes in their legal status as they crossed borders, changes in family and community supports, and differing cultural expectations of their gendered roles as caregivers and family members. These tensions forced mothers to renegotiate and adjust their perceptions, identities, and roles as women, mothers, partners, and members of larger, often transnational kin and community networks. Implications of these tensions and identity and role shifts in the context of immigrant family life in the United States are discussed.

scholarly journals Two-Mode Models of Self-Regulation as a Tool for Conceptualizing Effects of the Serotonin System in Normal Behavior and Diverse Disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Carver ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson ◽  
Jutta Joormann
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Order System ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Serotonin System ◽  
Serotonergic Function ◽  
Lower Order System

The serotonin system is a collection of neural pathways whose overall level of functioning (from low to high) relates to diverse kinds of psychological and behavioral variability. Individual differences in serotonergic function are important both in personality and in vulnerability to psychological disorders. These disorders range widely—from impulsive aggression to depression. One way to understand such diverse reflections of differences in serotonergic function is by viewing serotonergic function through the lens of two-mode (or dual-process) models of self-regulation. Such theories posit a lower-order system that responds quickly to associative cues of the moment and a higher-order system that responds reflectively and planfully. Low serotonergic function appears to enhance influence of the lower-order system. This often yields impulsive reactivity. Why, then, does low serotonergic function also relate to depression, which is characterized by lethargy and unresponsiveness? The answer must be that ascendance of the lower system interacts with other factors. One hypothesis is that low serotonergic function plus high sensitivity to incentives yields vulnerability to impulsive approach, whereas low serotonergic function plus low incentive sensitivity yields vulnerability to depression. Conceptualizing serotonergic function this way helps integrate information pertaining to very different disorders into a coherent picture.

scholarly journals Studi Kualitatif Persepsi Masyarakat Desa Tentang Program Perencanaan Persalinan dan Pencegahan Komplikasi (P4K)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Shindy W. Ayu ◽  
Dwi B. Izzati ◽  
Atikah Atikah
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Birth Planning ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
People’S Perceptions

P4K is one of the government's efforts to reduce Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). The problem found was low community participation in P4K. This study aims to find out how people's perceptions about birth planning and complications prevention (P4K) programs. Method: This research is a qualitative study using purposive sampling technique in selecting samples. The samples used were 21 people who had met the sample criteria. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Data were analyzed through several stages namely data reduction, data transcripts, data presentation, coding, categorization and conclusions. Results: 1) Most of the P4K information obtained by respondents was considered to be lacking. 2) Respondents' perception of the implementation of P4K revealed that the program had not yet reached the target. 3) The majority of respondents perceive the distribution of P4K stickers among mothers as uneven and the majority of pregnant women have a perception that the activity has no benefit for themselves.4) Respondents are more dominant in the perception of village ambulances as four-wheeled motor vehicles as usual ambulances. 5) P4K supporting facilities in the village are not yet available namely dasolin / tabulin and blood donor management. Conclusion: the perception of the village community about P4K so far both about information about the program and its implementation is still considered to be less than optimal, because socialization is not carried out thoroughly to the community. Therefore, there is a need for good collaboration between community sectors, health institutions and village governments

scholarly journals An Operational Integration of Lifespan Development Theories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Sisu Rauvola ◽  
Cort Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Span Development ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Operational Integration ◽  
Gains And Losses

Lifespan theories seek to explain the ways that individuals manage their development, staying healthy and content amidst age-related gains and losses. However, the lifespan literature is fragmented, with constructs studied separately rather than in concert. This study addresses these issues, generating evidence regarding the integrative factor structure and well-being implications of developmental self-regulation constructs. An age-diverse adult sample (n = 506) completed scales measuring constructs derived from four primary lifespan theories (dual-process model of assimilative and accommodative coping, motivational theory of life-span development, model of selection, optimization, and compensation, socioemotional selectivity theory), in addition to well-being and social desirability measures, at two time points. Pre-registered hypotheses were largely supported, with a bifactor structure observed, and significant, positive relationships found between the general developmental self-regulation factor (“D”) and well-being. Lending further support, the same bifactor structure was replicated in a separate, hold out cross-sectional sample of age-diverse adults (n = 585).

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