Unpacking the Status-Leveling Burden for Women in Male-Dominated Occupations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000183922110385
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Cardador ◽  
Patrick L. Hill ◽  
Arghavan Salles
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Status ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
Senior Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Institutional Hierarchy

The challenges faced by women in male-dominated occupations are often attributed to the men in, and masculine cultures of, these occupations—and sometimes to senior women in these occupations who may fail to give a “leg up” to the women coming up behind them. As such, prior research has largely focused on challenges that women experience from those of higher or equal status within the occupation and on the negative climate that surrounds women in these positions. We introduce a novel challenge, the status-leveling burden, which is the pressure put on women in male-dominated occupations from women in occupations lower in the institutional hierarchy to be their equal. Drawing on interviews with 45 surgeons, we present a model that unpacks this status-leveling burden. Our research makes novel contributions to the literatures on challenges to women in male-dominated occupations and on shared demography in cross-occupational collaboration, and it suggests new avenues for research at the intersection of gender and occupational status in the workplace.

scholarly journals Realism Vs Magical Realism in Mohammad Hanif’s Our Lady of Alice Bhatti

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Baig
Keyword(s):  
Magical Realism ◽  
Minority Religion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Poor Class

Mohammad Hanif presents feminist approach in his Our Lady of Alice Bhatti (2011) with the empowerment of the protagonist by using the techniques of realism and magical realism. This article aims at exploring the techniques of realism and magical realism which go side by side in the narrative to turn a downtrodden Christian lady Alice Bhatti to attain the status of ‘Our lady’. Using the technique of realism Hanif depicts a society which never misses a chance to dominate a lady from a poor class and minority religion. He shows multifaceted personality of Alice Bhatti and her resistance against social and religious injustices done to her. He foils the patriarchal authority by fusing magical realism in Alice’s character for the restoration of her feminine pride and eminence in a male dominated society. Hanif presents Alice as a saint in the end with the help of magical realism. The maltreatment of Christian choohras is an example of Muslims’ prejudiced behavior towards minorities of Pakistan.

Organizing Strategies for Advancing Women in International Studies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Meyer McAleese ◽  
Susan S. Northcutt
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Formal Organization ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Benign Neglect ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Status ◽  
Male Dominated

The interdisciplinary field of international studies has traditionally been a male-dominated field. Indeed, the field of international relations, both theory and practice, has been argued to be gendered in highly masculinist ways. Whether as practitioners or as scholars, women have had a difficult time entering and advancing in such male-dominated fields, both in the United States and around the world. Their admittance and full acceptance in the profession has been hindered by laws and regulations, institutional practices and inertia, gendered stereotypes and customary expectations, overt discrimination and subtle biases, or benign neglect. As such, women have adopted a number of different strategies to make their ways into such male-dominated fields. These include working to expand the field to encompass questions of interest to women, developing new networks with other women for mentorship and resource development, and organizing themselves into distinct groups to promote women’s professional interests and advancement. One of these women’s organizations is Women’s Caucus for International Studies (WCIS), a formal section within the International Studies Association (ISA). Since its formal organization in 1996, the Women’s Caucus has worked hard to fulfill its mission of upgrading the status of women in the profession. Specifically, it seeks to promote equal opportunities for women in their professional lives, as well as women’s professional development. The Caucus fulfills its mission in numerous ways, including sponsoring scores of panels and roundtables focused on women’s professional development, and organizing mentoring networks, both inside the Caucus and beyond.

Category Use in Abstract Mental Comparisons

1980 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Status ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Recent Model ◽  
Category Information ◽  
Natural Categories ◽  
The Status

A recent model proposes that at least two processes are involved in mental comparisons; use of analogue and use of category information. The evidence that category information is used is not strong, however. It comes mainly from studies which had subjects overlearn the objects associated with arbitrary categories in the laboratory, and which used concrete dimensions. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to see if subjects spontaneously use natural categories from an abstract dimension (occupational status) in mental status comparisons. Subjects scaled occupations into status categories before each experiment and then compared the status of within-category and between-category occupation pairs. Within-category status comparisons reliably took longer than between-category ones of the same distance, suggesting that natural status categories were used.

scholarly journals The pervasive power of man-made news

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy McGregor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Service ◽  
News Media ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Senior Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Status Of Women

Since the first woman was appointed as editor of a major newspaper in New Zealand in the mid 1980s, what has been the progress of women to top editorships? And what is the status of women at governance, management and staff journalist levels? These questions examine gender equality issues and are important given the power and ubiquity of the news media in modern society. The article analyses participation of women in the news media against the so-called ‘feminisation’ of pre-entry journalism training. The findings show that little progress has been made at editorship level, while there is more progress for senior women just below editorship level. Further, there is a difference in the status of women in governance of public service versus privately-owned broadcasting. The article is critical of the data available to monitor participation by gender and ethnicity in New Zealand journalism over time. Strategies to help break down the pervasive power of ‘man-made news’ are proposed. These include female shareholder activism at the governance level of media companies, and a greater commitment by the New Zealand Journalism Training Organisation to regular monitoring of women’s newsroom participation. Without it the status of women in New Zealand journalism remains invisible.

scholarly journals BUDDHIST IDENTITY: A CASE STUDY OF BUDDHIST WOMEN’S NARRATIVES IN NAGPUR CITY

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Ajay I. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
Religious Conversions ◽  
Women's Narratives ◽  
The Status

Indian women rarely observed as independent identity due to its caste hierachization. Thus a woman identity along with an identity of being lower caste simultaneously makes her a victim of a rigidly imbibed patriarchy and the caste system in our society. Lots of conversion had taken place to transform the life of human beings. But the investigative studies done on these kinds of religious conversions mostly focused on men and gave less importance on its impact on women identity. Among these conversions, Dr. Ambedkar’s conversion to Buddhism had succeeded to a great extent in providing a new respectable identity to many. Yet the status of Buddhist women, among the Buddhist community, remained the most unexamined part of this conversion. Thus, this paper tries to examine whether the Buddhist identity succeeded to provide a sense of self respect and equal status to Buddhist women or what extent the Buddhist identity stood able to replace their stigmatized identity in public sphere by investigating the narrative provided by the Buddhist women about their own identity.

scholarly journals The Elevation of the See of Constantinople at the Council of Chalcedon: The Course of the Procedure

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 236-251
Author(s):  
Mikhail Gratsianskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Original Text ◽  
Previous Period ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
Source Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
Multiple References ◽  
Court Of Appeal ◽  
Political Actions ◽  
The Church

Introduction. Despite multiple references to the proposed topic in the scholarly literature, it still seems relevant to identify and consistently describe the entire set of measures taken at the Council of Chalcedon in order to raise the status of the see of Constantinople. Methods. The work is based on the application of the historicalcritical method of analysing source data of the original text, compiled in Greek and Latin. Analysis. The article consistently describes and analyses the church-political steps and actions taken during the conciliar meetings, which paved the way for the elevation (“addition to honour”) of the see of Constantinople, which took place during the 17th conciliar act. These measures included the corroboration of the status of the Council of Constantinople in 381 as the Second Ecumenical Council, the use of the ecclesiastical and political actions of the see of Constantinople in the previous period as court of appeal and “superprovincial” instance as precedents, as well as a demonstration of the equal status of the Archbishop of Constantinople in relation to his Roman counterpart. The result was the adoption of the so-called 28th canon and its approval by the officials presiding at the council, and then by the emperor Marcian himself. Results. The author concludes that the actions taken by the officials, who were presiding at the council, and the representatives of the Church of Constantinople during the council were planned and consistently aimed at establishing the equal honour of the see of Constantinople in relation to the see of Rome and its second place in regard to the latter. He also points to certain similarities in the process of elevation of both sees.

Effect of Sex-Linked Vocational Information on Reported Occupational Choices of High School Juniors

1977 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Elaine Hurwitz ◽  
Mary Alice White
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Female Students ◽  
High School Juniors ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Annual Earnings ◽  
Median Amount

Information about new occupational opportunities for women was read by 144 high school juniors, while 106 other juniors read information about opportunities in general. All students subsequently selected occupations from a list of 40 occupations that would be “most appropriate” for each of five male and five female students described in mock profiles. Two forms of profiles were used, differing only in gender designated for each student description. Differences were found in the “status” of occupations chosen for boy profiles versus girl profiles, based on the median amount of education and annual earnings of people having these occupations, with boys consistently receiving higher level occupations than girls. A three-way analysis of variance indicated that the difference between occupational status scores given to boys arid girls was significantly less in the group receiving information about opportunities for women ( p < .01). It was suggested that it may be appropriate to consider vocational information as an important and alterable variable affecting occupational choice.

scholarly journals The Status of Professional Business Translators on the Danish Market: A Comparative Study of Company, Agency and Freelance Translators

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 976-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle V. Dam ◽  
Karen Korning Zethsen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Professional Business

This article reports on an investigation which forms part of a comprehensive empirical project aimed at investigating the status of professional translators and interpreters in a variety of contexts. The purpose of the research reported on here was to investigate the differences in terms of occupational status between the three groups of professional business translators which we were able to identify in relatively large numbers on the Danish translation market: company, agency and freelance translators. The method involves data from questionnaires completed by a total of 244 translators belonging to one of the three groups. The translators’ perceptions of their occupational status were examined and compared through their responses to questions evolving around four parameters of occupational prestige: (1) salary/income, (2) education/expertise, (3) visibility, and (4) power/influence. Our hypothesis was that company translators would come out at the top of the translator hierarchy, closely followed by agency translators, whereas freelancers would position themselves at the bottom. Although our findings largely confirm the hypothesis and lead to the identification of a number of differences between the three groups of translators in terms of occupational status, the analyses did in fact allow us to identify more similarities than differences. The analyses and results are discussed in detail, and avenues for further research are suggested.

scholarly journals What does it take to recruit and retain senior women faculty?

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona M Watt
Keyword(s):  
Women Faculty ◽  
Senior Women ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Male Dominated

eLife deputy editor Fiona M Watt recounts some of her personal experiences as a senior female academic in a male-dominated environment.

scholarly journals KEDUDUKAN PEREMPUAN HINDU MENURUT HUKUM WARIS ADAT BALI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KESETARAAN GENDER

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Setyawati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hindu Women ◽  
Charles Fourier ◽  
The Right ◽  
Feminism Theory

<p><em>The Balinese adhere to the patrilineal system, so that inherited inheritance is a boy who has grown and married, while the daughter is not an heir. The consequences of this system greatly affect the position of women in terms of inheritance. The decision of Bali Province MUDP Number 01/Kep/Psm-3/ MDP Bali/X/2010 is a progress towards the position of women as heirs.</em></p><p><em>This study aims to answer two issues: (1) how the development of inheritance rights of Hindu women in Bali customary law and (2) how the status of Hindu women according to Balinese customary law in the perspective of gender equality.</em></p><p><em>Theories used to analyze problems are the gender theory of Anne Oakley, feminism theory of Charles Fourier, and the theory of justice from Aristotle. The research method used normative research by examining a number of rules about customary law relating to the inheritance of Hindu women who have not fully gained equal status with men as stipulated in the teachings of Hinduism.</em></p><p><em>The results obtained in the period before 1900 the life of Hindu society Bali applies the absolute purusa system which only recognizes heirs is a boy, but after 1900 there has been a development with some jurisprudence and there is a decision of Majelis Utama Desa Pakraman (MUDP) which states that women have the right to inherit, even though they are only entitled to enjoy the treasure Rich parents and after marriage get a tetatadan property and for parents who are able to give the treasure for the sake of maintaining the sustainability of his life, so with the rules at least happen gender equality.</em></p><p><em>The still strong patrilineal culture prevailing in indigenous Balinese society makes the position of women not fully acknowledged, even in the case of female decision making is not taken into account. The obligations of Hindu women in family, marriage and society are not much different from men's obligation, this should be a consideration to give women the opportunity to have equal status with men, especially in the customary law of Bali.</em><em></em></p>

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