scholarly journals Do Unto Others? Individual-Level Mechanisms of Political Altruism

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-443
Author(s):  
Marco Giugni ◽  
Maria T. Grasso
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

Starting from a definition of altruism as situations in which a given actor sustains harm while another actor gains benefits, we compare the behaviors of respondents in relation to the members of three main groups of beneficiaries—refugees and asylum seekers, unemployed people, and people with disabilities—through the analysis of original survey data collected in eight European countries ( N ~ 16,000) in the TransSOL project. We investigate in particular the reasons why people act on behalf of each of these three groups without being a member of any of them or having close ties with any individuals in these groups. These respondents are compared with respondents who are members of these groups and/or have close ties with people within them so as to isolate the factors underlying individual-level altruistic behavior. Our results show that political altruism emerges out of a complex combination of factors and is not simply reducible to social structural positions, subjective feelings of attachment or resources, but is the result of the interaction of these influences and that these vary when looking at support for different social groups.

scholarly journals Referenda as commitment devices – an experimental approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205316802094341
Author(s):  
Florian Justwan ◽  
Sarah K. Fisher ◽  
Ashley Kerr ◽  
Jeffrey D. Berejikian
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Majority Vote ◽  
Territorial Dispute ◽  
Political Event ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
International Court ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Commitment Devices

This research note evaluates the claim that referenda can serve as useful commitment devices in international negotiations. More specifically, we relied on individual-level survey data to test the claim that governments can successfully “tie their hands” to policy choices by calling referenda on political issues. Our empirical analysis relied on original survey data collected in April 2019 in Belize. In so doing, we took advantage of an unusual political event. On 8 May (shortly after our survey), Belizean citizens participated in a countrywide plebiscite. During this vote, they decided to send their country’s territorial dispute with Guatemala for adjudication to the International Court of Justice. From a research perspective, this event allowed us to assess the effect of disregarded referendum results in a highly salient political environment. Our experimental analysis suggested that individuals do reprimand their governments for failing to implement a majority vote (a) even if this choice precipitates a person’s favored substantive outcome, and (b) irrespective of an individual’s preferred party.

Reconceptualizing Canadian Federal Political Culture: Examining Differences between Quebec and the Rest of Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-134
Author(s):  
David McGrane ◽  
Loleen Berdahl
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractWhile the concept of federal political culture has been attractive to federalism scholars, Canada has proved to be a puzzling case and generated contradictory results across studies. We test a new definition of Canadian federal political culture using original survey data and find that Canadians have moderate levels of federal political culture driven by a utopian view of federalism in which the promotion of diversity should be achieved without any negative consequences for the unity of the polity. We also find that Quebecers and other Canadians have similar levels of federal political culture and that the results are consistent when survey questions are altered to take out country-specific references.

Minority Groups and Judicial Legitimacy: Group Affect and the Incentives for Judicial Responsiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Zilis
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Novel Model

This paper introduces a new perspective into the literature on judicial legitimacy by examining the incentives for courts to cater to a popular majority and offering a novel model of legitimacy that has consequences for judicial responsiveness. The account integrates into the literature classic research on how strategic social groups shape public opinion. I theorize that citizens use their perceptions of the judiciary’s support for various social groups as a means to assess the institution overall. From this insight, I derive specific expectations about the conditions under which the Supreme Court’s protection of minority groups like gays and immigrants can damage its legitimacy. Using national survey data, I demonstrate that dislike for the beneficiaries of recent Court rulings systematically diminishes the institution’s legitimacy. The influence of these group-based considerations shapes individual-level attitude change and can be observed at various points in time.

scholarly journals Intercultural Mediation Addressed to Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-257
Author(s):  
Federico Zannoni
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Reggio Emilia ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Residential Structures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽  
The City

Starting from a preliminary definition of the concept of mediation and its possible applications, this article aims to deepen the concept and practice of intercultural mediation. After an analysis of the reality of multicultural society in Italy and of the phenomenon of the arrival of refugees and asylum seekers from Africa, we will move on to presenting the principles and good practices of intercultural mediation implemented in the reception and integration services. Finally, the results of a research carried out within the services of the city of Reggio Emilia, in particular through group discussions with young men seeking asylum, guests of some residential structures, will be presented

scholarly journals Estimating Pay Gaps for Workers With Disabilities: Implications From Broadening Definitions and Data Sets

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin F. Hallock ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Linda Barrington
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Total Compensation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Compensation Gap ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose:To compare pay gap estimates across 3 different national survey data sets for people with disabilities relative to those without disabilities when pay is measured as wage and salary alone versus a (total compensation) definition that includes an estimate of the value of benefits.Method:Estimates of the cost to the employers of employee benefits at the occupational level from an employer survey data set are matched to individual-level data in each of the 3 data sets. Multiple regression techniques are applied to estimate wage and salary and total compensation gaps between full-time men with and without disabilities.Results:For full-time working men with disabilities (relative to those without disabilities), there is a consistently larger percentage wage and salary gap than percentage total compensation gap and breadth of the definition of pay affects the size of any estimated pay gap. In addition, there are differences in the estimated pay gaps depending on data source and disability measure.Conclusions:Results obtained from a single data set or definition of key variables may not be broadly generalizable. Studies containing such limitations should be interpreted cautiously. Our research further suggests employers looking to hire persons with disabilities or those offering employment placement services should put substantial weight on the non–base pay component of the total compensation package.

What Makes a Good Neighbor? Race, Place, and Norms of Political Participation

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLISON P. ANOLL
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Good Neighbor

Social norms are thought to motivate behaviors like political participation, but context should influence both the content and activation of these norms. I show that both race and neighborhood context moderate the social value of political participation in the United States. Using original survey data and a survey experiment, I find that Whites, Blacks, and Latinos not only conceptualize participation differently, but also asymmetrically reward those who are politically active, with minority Americans often providing more social incentives for participation than Whites. I combine this survey data with geographic demography from the American Community Survey and find that neighborhood characteristics outpace individual-level indicators in predicting the social value of political participation. The findings suggest that scholars of political behavior should consider race, place, and social norms when seeking to understand participation in an increasingly diverse America.

scholarly journals Intergroup contact and its effects on discriminatory attitudes Evidence from India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Shed Light

The contact hypothesis posits that having diverse neighbours may reduce one’s intergroup prejudice. This hypothesis is difficult to test as individuals self-select into neighbourhoods. Using a slum relocation programme in India that randomly assigned neighbours, I examine the effects of exposure to other-caste neighbours on trust and attitudes towards members of other castes. Combining administrative data on housing assignment with original survey data on attitudes, I find evidence corroborating the contact hypothesis. Exposure to more neighbours of other castes increases inter-caste trust, support for inter-caste marriage, and the belief that caste injustice is growing. I explore the role of friendships in facilitating these favourable attitudes. The findings shed light on the positive effects of exposure to diverse social groups through close proximity in neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals Preventing Dropout in Research, Assessment and Treatment with Refugees - a guideline

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Semmlinger ◽  
Thomas Ehring
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Challenging Situation ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

This guideline aims to inform and sensitize clinical researchers and therapists about dropout in general as well as specifically in the treatment of refugees and asylum seekers. We first describe the challenging situation, refugees resettled in high-income countries are facing and give a brief overview of the current evidence on the effectiveness of psychological and psychosocial interventions for this group. The definition of dropout and different operationalization methods are discussed and an overview of the reported prevalence rates of dropout from psychological treatments is given. Further, an overview of the empirical evidence regarding predictors and reasons for dropout is provided. The reduction of dropout is a major challenge in both clinical practice and clinical research. Therefore, effective measures to reduce the occurrence of premature termination of treatment are discussed and recommendations are given.

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