Labor Unions and Good Governance: A Cross-National, Comparative Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol-Sung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Civic Associations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
Class Power ◽  
Affiliation Network

Using network-based measures of unions' centrality among civic associations, this article builds and tests a theoretical framework that highlights labor unions' central role in enhancing governance. I first construct three measures to capture the connectedness and power of representative voluntary civic associations, membership density, degree centrality (comemberships), and power centrality, based on the affiliation network matrices for 54 countries, using the latest World Values Survey. I then test the key argument that unions' power centrality has significant positive effects on governance, controlling for general socioeconomic and international factors. The findings from standard statistical analyses, as well as from comparative case studies of affiliation networks, support my claims that union-centered or union-linked civic mobilization achieves a balance of class power not only in civil society, but also within state institutions, strengthening reformist parties and policy makers. This article also suggests that this power shift in the state power structure leads to better governance. I highlight the role of labor-based organizations in making governments effective and responsible, and I bring the bottom-up process of civic mobilization and social accountability back into the discussion of social capital and governance.

scholarly journals Corruption and the Challenges of Good Governance in the Nigerian Public Sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Olufemi Fatile
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Public Office ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
State And Local

The role of the public service in achieving good governance cannot be underestimated. This can be gleaned from the central role it plays in the formulation and implementation of policies designed for the development of the society. In Nigeria, the role of public service has come under severe criticisms within the context of the gap that exists between its anticipated role and its actual output in guiding the society along the course leading to the desired goal as a result of corruption. This article observes that the fact that Nigeria is still grappling with the problems of bad governance goes to show the level of non-accountability and ever present manifestation of crude corruption that is open, naked, undisguised and yet legally untameable because of the system. The article also reveals that many of the anti-corruption efforts are part of the liberal reforms that are based on the assumption that corruption is an individual act or personal misuse of public office for private gain. It points out that as laudable as the intentions of government in putting in place institutions and laws meant to curb corruption, the enforcement of these laws has left much to be desired. In fact, the various reform efforts of the Nigerian government are of limited value because they fail to take into account much of the dynamics that support corruption in the country. Thus, people now regard the law as paper tigers, meant only to the enforced when breached by low-level public officers. While successive administrations have taken partially successful steps to control corruption, these efforts have not fundamentally undermined the supporting environmentfor corruption in the country. The article therefore recommends the need for greater transparency in the management of public funds by the public office holders as well as the need for political will and commitment from governments at Federal, State and Local, including bureaucracies at various levels of governance in the country. The article concludes that there is a need to transform social values as well as state institutions that work as enabling environments for corruption.  The also has enormous responsibility in controlling corruption and restoring the hope to the citizenry goodgovernance. Unless good governance is in place with accountability carefully observed, sustainable development cannot be realized.

scholarly journals Organizational Health: the Role of Technology Disruption and Competency Adequacy in Jordanian Constrcution Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5475-5482
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Organizational Health ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Construction Firms ◽  
Positive Effects

This study aimed to analyzethe mediating impact of competence adequacy on organizational health and technology disruption. Leading construction firms in Jordan participated in this quantitative study and he results revealed significant positive effects of competence adequacy, on organisational health. These findingsprove to be an important contribution and implications to both practitioners and policy makers. Moreover, advantageous insights on how CA, TD can enhance the overall organizational health is also provided by this study. Findings and contributions of the study are as follows. Firstly, Jordanian construction firms will get more insight on the importance of institutionalizing competence building in their establishments by increasing awareness in managers. Additionally, anticipating environmental changes like technology disruption are also highlighted by the findings which guide organisations to achieve a sustainable edge over competitors at the marketplace and for future survival.

scholarly journals Base of regional disparities: pure foreign investment

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjan Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
State Study ◽  
Resource Transfers

Persistent disparities in regional economic conditions in India continue to offer challenges to policy makers. In the era of globalization and privatization the process of regional growth has become much more complex owing to the expanding role of private investment, be it domestic or foreign. Their flows to the states are highly mobile towards the states with skilled labor force with a good ‘work culture’, good socio-economic infrastructure and good governance. Private investments have emerged as one of the major source among the various sources of resource transfers which have further led to widening of regional disparities. This article depicts the inter-state study of 14 states and the flow of foreign investment in bringing about disparities.

Migration Out of Rural Areas and Implications for Rural Livelihoods

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 461-481
Author(s):  
Alan de Brauw
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Statistical Identification ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
Future Policy

Despite the fact that migration out of agriculture has always been a part of the economic development process, policy makers have long feared that migration from rural areas reduces agricultural production. This article reviews the growing microeconomic literature with more credible statistical identification that evaluates the effects of migration on agricultural production and other outcomes among rural households. By and large, migration does not negatively affect agricultural production, as households shift on one of several margins to reduce the lost labor impact. Through migrant remittances, migration can lead to one of several different types of investment. When investment occurs, the type of investment depends upon relative local returns to investments in agriculture, nonagriculture, or human capital. Some innovative recent work also documents the role of migration in catalyzing technical change. Future policy related to rural out-migration should focus on enhancing its positive effects and mitigating any negative ones.

Stemming, motivationele oriëntatie, fit en creativiteit: De rol van mentale activering

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs Baas ◽  
Carsten K.W. De Dreu ◽  
Bernard A. Nijstad
Keyword(s):  
Great Depth ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Mental Activation ◽  
Dual Pathway ◽  
The Individual

Mood, motivational orientation, fit, and creativity: The role of mental activation Mood, motivational orientation, fit, and creativity: The role of mental activation M. Baas, C.K.W. De Dreu, & B.A. Nijstad, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 23, March 2010, nr. 1, pp. 00-00. This article aims to increase our understanding of the ways mood and motivational states influence creativity. Based on the dual pathway to creativity model, we argue that creativity is function of flexibility (the number of content categories that is surveyed), and of persistence (the exploration of a few content categories in great depth). Second, the model argues that affective and motivational states that activate the individual (e.g., happiness, anger, fear, approach states, unsuccessful avoidance motivation) enhance creativity as compared to motivational states that deactivate the individual (e.g., sadness, relaxed state, successful avoidance). We discuss a series of experiments that support these predictions. Furthermore, the positive effects of activating states are stronger when the creativity task fits the motivational state. We end with practical implications for managers and policy makers about how to boost employee creativity.

scholarly journals The relationships between foreign direct investment, export and economic growth

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy Thuc Nguyen ◽  
Luu Cuong Tran ◽  
Thi Ngoc Han Bui ◽  
Thi Thanh Thuy Ngo ◽  
Thi Le Hang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Incentive Policies

This study aims to examine the causal relationship between foreign direct investment, exports and economic growth in Dong Nai province, Vietnam from 1999 to 2019. The study uses several economic models such as Vector Auto Regression - VAR (p), Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Granger causality tests to evaluate relationships between research model variables. The results show that foreign direct investment and exports have the positive effects on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Therefore, this study recommends some policy implementation to simulate the foreign direct investment. Particularly, the policy makers in Dong Nai province should be aware of the role of foreign direct investment and export incentive policies, which is an important driving force for the socio-economic development of Dong Nai province, Vietnam.

scholarly journals Understanding antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of public policy: a multinational knowledge, attitude, and practice survey to determine global awareness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Balleste-Delpierre ◽  
Soe Yu Naing ◽  
Max van Wijk ◽  
Jordi Vila
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Abstract Background Minimizing the effect of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires an adequate policy response that relies on good governance and coordination. We have previously demonstrated a knowledge gap on infectious diseases within the general public, but equivalent data from a policy context are still lacking. The aim of this study is to have a better comprehension of how AMR is understood and perceived among policy makers and stakeholders in tackling AMR on a global level. Methods A digital survey was designed to capture the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards AMR. A self-reporting questionnaire was distributed to politicians, policy advisors and relevant stakeholders, and survey responses were collected between November 2020 and March 2021. Results A total of 351 individuals participated in this study with 80% from high-income countries (HIC) and 20% from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Fifteen different countries were represented, and the majority of participants were from the Netherlands, Spain and Myanmar. Overall, participants had sufficient knowledge regarding AMR and reported the importance of political willingness in tackling AMR. More than half (65%) of participants from LMIC reported antibiotics misuse, and almost half (48%) claimed to be unaware of this health problem. Politicians and stakeholders from LMIC demonstrated a higher knowledge on AMR but showed poor perception and attitude toward antimicrobial use compared to those from HIC regions. HIC participants emphasized the role of the veterinary sector in particular, as well as the environmental dissemination of antibiotics and drug residues. The lack of funding resources was especially reported by participants from LMIC. Conclusion Inter-regional differences in KAP regarding AMR exist among politicians, policy advisors and relevant stakeholders. Overall, participants demonstrated to have a sufficient level of knowledge and awareness of AMR. This study characterizes a multi-national policymaker and stakeholder mapping that can be used to propose further policy implementation on various governance levels.

scholarly journals Poor Performance of Health and Population Welfare Programmes in Sindh: Case Studies in Governance Failure

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4II) ◽  
pp. 661-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehtab S. Karim ◽  
Shehla Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Many

Over the past few years, the issue of what is meant by “good governance” has generated increasing attention and debate both at the national and international level [Streeten (1997)]. The role of state and how that role is to be exercised is appearing high on the agenda of politicians, policy-makers and academicians in the developing world. Governance has been defined by the World Bank as “the manner in which power is exercised in the management of the country’s economic and social resources” [World Bank (1994)]. The somewhat narrow scope of this definition has been broadened in recent years to “the sum of the many ways individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs” [Commission on Global Governance (995)] The Human Development Report [UNDP (1999)] goes beyond these definitions and gives a much more radical notion of good governance, underpinning the importance of peoples’ participation in shaping their own governance and development. This type of governance has been labeled as “humane governance”.

On the Methodology of Cartel agreements analysis

2014 ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Andreyashchenko ◽  
A. Zazdravnykh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Models ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Industrial Markets

This article is an attempt of summarizing key economic approaches to cartel agreements analysis, its stability, ways of estimating social consequences of cartel agreements. It is alleged that the traditional way of understanding the cartels’ role as completely negative is not accurate; this type of inter-corporate agreements may also bring positive effects on industrial markets. Typical limits of analytical apparatus, contradictions that appear while interpreting results of specific economic models are also represented in the article, as well as substantiation of a discrete role of pricing factor within the analysis of anti-competitive agreements.

POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Arwanto Arwanto ◽  
Wike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

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